mysql主从之基于gtid的主从复制
一 GITD介绍
1.1 gtid的含义
Global Transaction Identifier，全局事务标识
阿里云的rds目前已经使用gtid
基于gtid的主从复制原理
每个mysql数据库上都有一个唯一uuid
每个事务生成一个id
gtid由上面两者组合： uuid+事务id
1.2 优势
相对使用binlog+位置的方法来说
gtid让配置主从更加方便
从提升为主时比较方便
二 配置
2.1 主库的配置
[mysqld]
bind-address=0.0.0.0
port=
datadir=/data/mysql
socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock
user=mysql
skip-name-resolve
slow_query_log=on
long_query_time=
slow_query_log_file=/data/mysql/mysql-slow.log
innodb-file-per-table=
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit =
log_warnings =
connect_timeout =
net_read_timeout =
performance_schema_max_table_instances =
server-id =
gtid_mode=on
enforce_gtid_consistency=on
log-slave-updates=
log-bin=master-bin
log-bin-index = master-bin.index
relay-log = relay-log
relay-log-index = relay-log.index
binlog_format=row [mysqld_safe]
log-error=/data/mysql/mysqld.log
pid-file=/data/mysql/mysqld.pid
[root@master mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[root@master mysql]# systemctl stop mysqld
[root@master mysql]# rm -rf /data/mysql/*
[root@master mysql]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql
查看uuid
[root@master mysql]# pwd
/data/mysql
[root@master mysql]# ll
查看数据库的uuid
在数据目录的auto.cnf
[root@master mysql]# cat auto.cnf
在mysql里面使用命令查看show global variables like 'server_uuid'
[root@master mysql]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@master mysql]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: rrV.sL)!d9zE
mysql> show global variables like 'server_uuid'; #查看uuid
+---------------+--------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+--------------------------------------+
| server_uuid | ad5ee77e-9f2e-11e9-a76d-000c2991dd19 |
+---------------+--------------------------------------+
row in set (0.01 sec)
2.2 从库配置
[mysqld]
bind-address=0.0.0.0
port=
datadir=/data/mysql
socket=/data/mysql/mysql.sock
user=mysql
skip-name-resolve
slow_query_log=on
long_query_time=
slow_query_log_file=/data/mysql/mysql-slow.log
innodb-file-per-table=
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit =
log_warnings =
connect_timeout =
net_read_timeout =
performance_schema_max_table_instances =
server-id =
gtid_mode=on
enforce_gtid_consistency=on
log-slave-updates=
log-bin=master-bin
log-bin-index = master-bin.index
relay-log = relay-log
relay-log-index = relay-log.index
binlog_format=row [mysqld_safe]
log-error=/data/mysql/mysqld.log
pid-file=/data/mysql/mysqld.pid
开启数据库，查看uuid
[root@slave ~]# systemctl stop mysqld
[root@slave ~]# rm -rf /data/mysql/*
[root@slave ~]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql
2019-07-05T14:24:23.975473Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 96435cd6-9f30-11e9-a575-000c2963fd11.
2019-07-05T14:24:23.977416Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2019-07-05T14:24:23.980860Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: RN=hsqIFX2BO
[root@slave ~]# systemctl start mysql
Failed to start mysql.service: Unit not found.
[root@slave ~]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@slave ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.26-log
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show global variables like 'server_uuid';
+---------------+--------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+--------------------------------------+
| server_uuid | 96435cd6-9f30-11e9-a575-000c2963fd11 |
+---------------+--------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
[root@slave ~]# cd /data/mysql/
[root@slave mysql]# cat auto.cnf 
三 配置主从
3.1 主库给从库复制权限
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'replication'@'192.168.132.122' identified by '';
Query OK, rows affected, warning (0.01 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show master logs;
+-------------------+-----------+
| Log_name | File_size |
+-------------------+-----------+
| master-bin. | |
| master-bin. | |
+-------------------+-----------+
mysql> show binlog events in 'master-bin.000002';
+-------------------+-----+----------------+-----------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Log_name | Pos | Event_type | Server_id | End_log_pos | Info |
+-------------------+-----+----------------+-----------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| master-bin. | | Format_desc | | | Server ver: 5.7.-log, Binlog ver: |
| master-bin. | | Previous_gtids | | | |
| master-bin. | | Gtid | | | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ad5ee77e-9f2e-11e9-a76d-000c2991dd19:1' | # 事件类型是GTID 数据库的uuid+事务ID
| master-bin. | | Query | | | ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH 'mysql_native_password' AS '*6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9' |
| master-bin. | | Gtid | | | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ad5ee77e-9f2e-11e9-a76d-000c2991dd19:2' |
| master-bin. | | Query | | | GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'replication'@'192.168.132.122' IDENTIFIED WITH 'mysql_native_password' AS '*6A7A490FB9DC8C33C2B025A91737077A7E9CC5E5' |
| master-bin. | | Gtid | | | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ad5ee77e-9f2e-11e9-a76d-000c2991dd19:3' |
| master-bin. | | Query | | | flush privileges |
+-------------------+-----+----------------+-----------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
3.2 从库使用命令进行复制
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.132.121',master_port=,master_user='replication',master_password='',master_auto_position = ;
Query OK, rows affected, warnings (0.01 sec) mysql> start slave;
Query OK, rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** . row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.132.121
Master_User: replication
Master_Port:
Connect_Retry:
Master_Log_File: master-bin.
Read_Master_Log_Pos:
Relay_Log_File: relay-log.
Relay_Log_Pos:
Relay_Master_Log_File: master-bin.
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno:
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter:
Exec_Master_Log_Pos:
Relay_Log_Space:
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos:
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master:
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno:
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno:
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id:
Master_UUID: ad5ee77e-9f2e-11e9-a76d-000c2991dd19 #主库的UUID
Master_Info_File: /data/mysql/master.info
SQL_Delay:
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count:
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set: ad5ee77e-9f2e-11e9-a76d-000c2991dd19:-3 #执行的GTID位置
Executed_Gtid_Set: 96435cd6-9f30-11e9-a575-000c2963fd11:,
ad5ee77e-9f2e-11e9-a76d-000c2991dd19:-
Auto_Position:
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
3.3 观察从的binlog日志
mysql> show master logs;
+-------------------+-----------+
| Log_name | File_size |
+-------------------+-----------+
| master-bin. | |
| master-bin. | |
+-------------------+-----------+
mysql> show binlog events in 'master-bin.000002';
+-------------------+------+----------------+-----------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Log_name | Pos | Event_type | Server_id | End_log_pos | Info |
+-------------------+------+----------------+-----------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| master-bin. | | Format_desc | | | Server ver: 5.7.-log, Binlog ver: |
| master-bin. | | Previous_gtids | | | |
| master-bin. | | Gtid | | | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= '96435cd6-9f30-11e9-a575-000c2963fd11:1' |
| master-bin. | | Query | | | ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH 'mysql_native_password' AS '*6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9' |
| master-bin. | | Gtid | | | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ad5ee77e-9f2e-11e9-a76d-000c2991dd19:1' |
| master-bin. | | Query | | | ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH 'mysql_native_password' AS '*6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9' |
| master-bin. | | Gtid | | | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ad5ee77e-9f2e-11e9-a76d-000c2991dd19:2' |
| master-bin. | | Query | | | GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'replication'@'192.168.132.122' IDENTIFIED WITH 'mysql_native_password' AS '*6A7A490FB9DC8C33C2B025A91737077A7E9CC5E5' |
| master-bin. | | Gtid | | | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ad5ee77e-9f2e-11e9-a76d-000c2991dd19:3' |
| master-bin. | | Query | | | flush privileges |
+-------------------+------+----------------+-----------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
四 验证
增加数据来验证是否同步成功
4.1 建库验证
主创建一个数据库
mysql> create database darren;
mysql> show binlog events in 'master-bin.000002';
从端查看
mysql> show databases;
mysql> show slave status\G;
4.2 建表验证
主创建一个表
mysql> use darren;
Database changed
mysql> create table test (id int);
Query OK, rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> show binlog events in 'master-bin.000002';
+-------------------+------+----------------+-----------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Log_name | Pos | Event_type | Server_id | End_log_pos | Info |
+-------------------+------+----------------+-----------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| master-bin. | | Gtid | | | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ad5ee77e-9f2e-11e9-a76d-000c2991dd19:3' |
| master-bin. | | Query | | | flush privileges |
| master-bin. | | Gtid | | | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ad5ee77e-9f2e-11e9-a76d-000c2991dd19:4' |
| master-bin. | | Query | | | create database darren |
| master-bin. | | Gtid | | | SET @@SESSION.GTID_NEXT= 'ad5ee77e-9f2e-11e9-a76d-000c2991dd19:5' |
| master-bin. | | Query | | | use `darren`; create table test (id int) #建表,同是增长ID |
+-------------------+------+----------------+-----------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
从端:
mysql> show slave status\G;
4.3.插改验证
mysql> insert into test values (1);
mysql> update test set id = 3 where id = 1;
mysql> show binlog events in 'master-bin.000002';
从端查看
mysql> show slave status\G;
mysql> select * from darren.test;
删除
mysql> delete from test;
mysql> drop database darren;
mysql> show binlog events in 'master-bin.000002';
从端查看
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sys |
+--------------------+
rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show binlog events in 'master-bin.000002';
基本的配置验证完成
五 日志名未指定,主机名改变导致主从失效
前面介绍过类似的情况,因为配置文件没有指定日志名,导致MySQL在重启的时候,日志名发生改变,导致同步失败
从端的slave日志未指定,解决
stop slave; #停掉salve
reset slave; #重置salve
change master to master_host='192.168.132.121',master_port=3306,master_user='replication',master_password='1234567',master_auto_position = 1; #重新配从端复制数据
start slave; #开启slave
主端未指定,修复主从
stop slave; #停掉slave
reset slave; #重置slave
reset master; #重置master,必须做,很重要
change master to master_host='192.168.132.121',master_port=3306, master_user='replication',master_password='123456',master_auto_position = 1; 3重新配置主从
start slave; #开启slave
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