参考:What are the concepts of “kernel ring buffer”, “user level”, “log level”? Ring Buffer 原始问题 个人补充:runlevel是指SysV中用于确定OS运行环境的一种技术.不过在CentOS 7.X以后就被淘汰了,老版本服务器上可能还在用. protection ring指的是X86平台将指令集使用Ring 0.Ring 1.Ring 2.Ring 3四种级别来管理和使用物理服务器硬件.具体参考:Xen虚拟化…
−Table of Contents Journey to the Center of the Linux Kernel: Traffic Control, Shaping and QoS 1 Introduction 2 Motivation 3 The basics of Traffic Control 3.1 First contact 3.2 Netfilter MARK 3.3 Two classes in a tree 3.4 Connecting the marks to the…