// Potential improvements:
// 1. we can use vector<int> { h, x, y } to replace Element, sorting vector is to compare elements one by one.
// 2. use 2-d bool vector<vector<bool>> to replace unordered_set. class Element {
public:
int x, y, h;
Element(int x, int y, int h) {
this->x = x;
this->y = y;
this->h = h;
}
};
class Solution {
public:
int m;
int n;
int cutOffTree(vector<vector<int>>& forest) {
m = forest.size(); if (m == ) return ;
n = forest[].size(); if (n == ) return ;
vector<Element> v;
for (int i = ; i < m; i++)
for (int j = ; j < n; j++)
if (forest[i][j] > )
v.emplace_back(i, j, forest[i][j]);
auto comp = [](const Element& a, const Element& b) { return a.h < b.h; };
v.emplace_back(, , );
sort(v.begin(), v.end(), comp); int res = ;
for (int i = ; i < v.size() - ; i++) {
int t = helper(forest, v[i], v[i+]);
if (t < ) return t;
res += t;
}
return res;
}
int helper(vector<vector<int>>& forest, const Element& a, const Element& b) {
const int dirs[] = { -, , , , - };
// (x,y) is small enough, so x*n+y won't overflow. otherwise we have to use long,
// and be careful x*n+y will overflow, we may use (long)x*n+y instead.
unordered_set<int> s;
queue<pair<int,int>> q;
q.push({a.x, a.y});
s.insert(a.x * n + a.y);
int lv = ;
while (!q.empty()) {
int qsz = q.size();
for (int i = ; i < qsz; i++) {
auto cur = q.front();
q.pop();
if (cur.first == b.x && cur.second == b.y)
return lv;
for (int i = ; i < ; i++) {
int nx = cur.first + dirs[i];
int ny = cur.second + dirs[i+];
pair<int,int> np = {nx,ny};
if (nx >= && nx < m && ny >= && ny < n &&
forest[nx][ny] > &&
s.find(nx * n + ny) == s.end()) {
q.push(np);
s.insert(nx * n + ny);
}
}
}
lv++;
}
return -;
}
};

huge perf improve from 1000+ ms to 300 ms:

use 2-d bool vector<vector<bool>> to replace unordered_set
class Element {
public:
int x, y, h;
Element(int x, int y, int h) {
this->x = x;
this->y = y;
this->h = h;
}
};
class Solution {
public:
int m;
int n;
int cutOffTree(vector<vector<int>>& forest) {
m = forest.size(); if (m == ) return ;
n = forest[].size(); if (n == ) return ;
vector<Element> v;
for (int i = ; i < m; i++)
for (int j = ; j < n; j++)
if (forest[i][j] > )
v.emplace_back(i, j, forest[i][j]);
auto comp = [](const Element& a, const Element& b) { return a.h < b.h; };
v.emplace_back(, , );
sort(v.begin(), v.end(), comp); int res = ;
for (int i = ; i < v.size() - ; i++) {
int t = helper(forest, v[i], v[i+]);
if (t < ) return t;
res += t;
}
return res;
}
int helper(vector<vector<int>>& forest, const Element& a, const Element& b) {
const int dirs[] = { -, , , , - };
// (x,y) is small enough, so x*n+y won't overflow. otherwise we have to use long,
// and be careful x*n+y will overflow, we may use (long)x*n+y instead.
vector<vector<bool>> s(m, vector<bool>(n));
queue<pair<int,int>> q;
q.emplace(a.x, a.y);
s[a.x][a.y] = true;
int lv = ;
while (!q.empty()) {
int qsz = q.size();
for (int i = ; i < qsz; i++) {
auto cur = q.front();
q.pop();
if (cur.first == b.x && cur.second == b.y)
return lv;
for (int i = ; i < ; i++) {
int nx = cur.first + dirs[i];
int ny = cur.second + dirs[i+];
pair<int,int> np = {nx,ny};
if (nx >= && nx < m && ny >= && ny < n &&
forest[nx][ny] > &&
!s[nx][ny]) {
q.push(np);
s[nx][ny] = true;
}
}
}
lv++;
}
return -;
}
};

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