Greenplum failed segment的恢复方法
【前记】
Segment检测及故障切换机制
GP Master首先会检测Primary状态，如果Primary不可连通，那么将会检测Mirror状态，Primary/Mirror状态总共有4种：
1. Primary活着，Mirror活着。GP Master探测Primary成功之后直接返回，进行下一个Segment检测；
2. Primary活着，Mirror挂了。GP Master探测Primary成功之后，通过Primary返回的状态得知Mirror挂掉了（Mirror挂掉之后，Primary将会探测到，将自己变成ChangeTracking模式），这时候更新Master元信息，进行下一个Segment检测；
3. Primary挂了，Mirror活着。GP Master探测Primary失败之后探测Mirror，发现Mirror是活着，这时候更新Master上面的元信息，同时使Mirror接管Primary（故障切换），进行下一个Segment检测；
4. Primary挂了，Mirror挂了。GP Master探测Primary失败之后探测Mirror，Mirror也是挂了，直到重试最大值，结束这个Segment的探测，也不更新Master元信息了，进行下一个Segment检测。
上面的2-4需要进行gprecoverseg进行segment恢复。
对失败的segment节点；启动时会直接跳过，忽略。
[gpadmin@mdw ~]$ gpstart :::: gpstart:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Starting gpstart with args: :::: gpstart:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Gathering information and validating the environment... :::: gpstart:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Greenplum Binary Version: 'postgres (Greenplum Database) 4.3.8.1 build 1' :::: gpstart:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Greenplum Catalog Version: ' :::: gpstart:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Starting Master instance in admin mode :::: gpstart:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Obtaining Greenplum Master catalog information :::: gpstart:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Obtaining Segment details from master... :::: gpstart:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Setting new master era :::: gpstart:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Master Started... :::: gpstart:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Shutting down master :::: gpstart:mdw:gpadmin-[WARNING]:-Skipping startup of segment marked down in configuration: on sdw2 directory /home/gpadmin/gpdata/gpdatam/gpseg0 <<<<< :::: gpstart:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:--------------------------- :::: gpstart:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Master instance parameters :::: gpstart:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:--------------------------- :::: gpstart:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Database = template1 :::: gpstart:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Master Port = :::: gpstart:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Master directory = /home/gpadmin/gpdata/pgmaster/gpseg- :::: gpstart:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Timeout = seconds :::: gpstart:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Master standby = Off :::: gpstart:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:--------------------------------------- :::: gpstart:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Segment instances that will be started :::: gpstart:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:--------------------------------------- :::: gpstart:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:- Host Datadir Port Role :::: gpstart:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:- sdw1 /home/gpadmin/gpdata/gpdatap/gpseg0 Primary :::: gpstart:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:- sdw2 /home/gpadmin/gpdata/gpdatap/gpseg1 Primary :::: gpstart:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:- sdw1 /home/gpadmin/gpdata/gpdatam/gpseg1 Mirror Continue with Greenplum instance startup Yy|Nn (default=N): > y :::: gpstart:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Commencing parallel primary and mirror segment instance startup, please wait... ........... :::: gpstart:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Process results... :::: gpstart:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:----------------------------------------------------- :::: gpstart:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:- Successful segment starts = :::: gpstart:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:- Failed segment starts = :::: gpstart:mdw:gpadmin-[WARNING]:-Skipped segment starts (segments are marked down in configuration) = <<<<<<<< :::: gpstart:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:----------------------------------------------------- :::: gpstart:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:- :::: gpstart:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Successfully started of segment instances, skipped other segments :::: gpstart:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:----------------------------------------------------- :::: gpstart:mdw:gpadmin-[WARNING]:-**************************************************************************** :::: gpstart:mdw:gpadmin-[WARNING]:-There are segment(s) marked down in the database :::: gpstart:mdw:gpadmin-[WARNING]:-To recover from this current state, review usage of the gprecoverseg :::: gpstart:mdw:gpadmin-[WARNING]:-management utility which will recover failed segment instance databases. :::: gpstart:mdw:gpadmin-[WARNING]:-**************************************************************************** :::: gpstart:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Starting Master :::: gpstart:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Command pg_ctl reports Master mdw instance active :::: gpstart:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-No standby master configured. skipping... :::: gpstart:mdw:gpadmin-[WARNING]:-Number of segments :::: gpstart:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Check status of database with gpstate utility
查看数据库的mirror的节点启动状态
[gpadmin@mdw ~]$ gpstate -m :::: gpstate:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Starting gpstate with args: -m :::: gpstate:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-local Greenplum Version: 'postgres (Greenplum Database) 4.3.8.1 build 1' :::: gpstate:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-master Greenplum Version: 'PostgreSQL 8.2.15 (Greenplum Database 4.3.8.1 build 1) on x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu, compiled by GCC gcc (GCC) 4.4.2 compiled on Apr 20 2016 08:08:56' :::: gpstate:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Obtaining Segment details from master... :::: gpstate:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-------------------------------------------------------------- :::: gpstate:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:--Current GPDB mirror list and status :::: gpstate:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:--Type = Spread :::: gpstate:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-------------------------------------------------------------- :::: gpstate:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:- Mirror Datadir Port Status Data Status :::: gpstate:mdw:gpadmin-[WARNING]:-sdw2 /home/gpadmin/gpdata/gpdatam/gpseg0 Failed <<<<<<<< :::: gpstate:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:- sdw1 /home/gpadmin/gpdata/gpdatam/gpseg1 Passive Synchronized :::: gpstate:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-------------------------------------------------------------- :::: gpstate:mdw:gpadmin-[WARNING]:- segment(s) configured as mirror(s) have failed
可直观看出“[WARNING]:-sdw2 /home/gpadmin/gpdata/gpdatam/gpseg0 50000 Failed ”
如何恢复这个mirror segment呢？当然primary segment也是这样恢复的
1. 首先产生一个恢复的配置文件 ： gprecoverseg -o ./recov
[gpadmin@mdw ~]$ gprecoverseg -o ./recov :::: gprecoverseg:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Starting gprecoverseg with args: -o ./recov :::: gprecoverseg:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-local Greenplum Version: 'postgres (Greenplum Database) 4.3.8.1 build 1' :::: gprecoverseg:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-master Greenplum Version: 'PostgreSQL 8.2.15 (Greenplum Database 4.3.8.1 build 1) on x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu, compiled by GCC gcc (GCC) 4.4.2 compiled on Apr 20 2016 08:08:56' :::: gprecoverseg:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Checking if segments are ready :::: gprecoverseg:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Obtaining Segment details from master... :::: gprecoverseg:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Obtaining Segment details from master... :::: gprecoverseg:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Configuration file output to ./recov successfully.
2. 查看恢复的配置文件；可以知道哪些segment需要恢复
[gpadmin@mdw ~]$ cat recov filespaceOrder=fastdisk sdw2::/home/gpadmin/gpdata/gpdatam/gpseg0
3. 使用这个配置文件进行恢复 ： gprecoverseg -i ./recov
[gpadmin@mdw ~]$ gprecoverseg -i ./recov :::: gprecoverseg:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Starting gprecoverseg with args: -i ./recov :::: gprecoverseg:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-local Greenplum Version: 'postgres (Greenplum Database) 4.3.8.1 build 1' :::: gprecoverseg:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-master Greenplum Version: 'PostgreSQL 8.2.15 (Greenplum Database 4.3.8.1 build 1) on x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu, compiled by GCC gcc (GCC) 4.4.2 compiled on Apr 20 2016 08:08:56' :::: gprecoverseg:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Checking if segments are ready :::: gprecoverseg:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Obtaining Segment details from master... :::: gprecoverseg:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Obtaining Segment details from master... :::: gprecoverseg:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Greenplum instance recovery parameters :::: gprecoverseg:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:---------------------------------------------------------- :::: gprecoverseg:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Recovery from configuration -i option supplied :::: gprecoverseg:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:---------------------------------------------------------- :::: gprecoverseg:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Recovery of :::: gprecoverseg:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:---------------------------------------------------------- :::: gprecoverseg:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:- Synchronization mode = Incremental :::: gprecoverseg:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:- Failed instance host = sdw2 :::: gprecoverseg:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:- Failed instance address = sdw2 :::: gprecoverseg:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:- Failed instance directory = /home/gpadmin/gpdata/gpdatam/gpseg0 :::: gprecoverseg:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:- Failed instance port = :::: gprecoverseg:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:- Failed instance replication port = :::: gprecoverseg:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:- Failed instance fastdisk directory = /data/gpdata/seg1/pg_mir_cdr/gpseg0 :::: gprecoverseg:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:- Recovery Source instance host = sdw1 :::: gprecoverseg:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:- Recovery Source instance address = sdw1 :::: gprecoverseg:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:- Recovery Source instance directory = /home/gpadmin/gpdata/gpdatap/gpseg0 :::: gprecoverseg:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:- Recovery Source instance port = :::: gprecoverseg:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:- Recovery Source instance replication port = :::: gprecoverseg:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:- Recovery Source instance fastdisk directory = /data/gpdata/seg1/pg_pri_cdr/gpseg0 :::: gprecoverseg:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:- Recovery Target = in-place :::: gprecoverseg:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Process results... :::: gprecoverseg:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Done updating primaries :::: gprecoverseg:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-****************************************************************** :::: gprecoverseg:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Updating segments for resynchronization is completed. :::: gprecoverseg:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-For segments updated successfully, resynchronization will continue in the background. :::: gprecoverseg:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:- :::: gprecoverseg:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Use gpstate -s to check the resynchronization progress. :::: gprecoverseg:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-******************************************************************
4. 查看恢复状态
[gpadmin@mdw ~]$ gpstate -m :::: gpstate:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Starting gpstate with args: -m :::: gpstate:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-local Greenplum Version: 'postgres (Greenplum Database) 4.3.8.1 build 1' :::: gpstate:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-master Greenplum Version: 'PostgreSQL 8.2.15 (Greenplum Database 4.3.8.1 build 1) on x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu, compiled by GCC gcc (GCC) 4.4.2 compiled on Apr 20 2016 08:08:56' :::: gpstate:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-Obtaining Segment details from master... :::: gpstate:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-------------------------------------------------------------- :::: gpstate:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:--Current GPDB mirror list and status :::: gpstate:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:--Type = Spread :::: gpstate:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:-------------------------------------------------------------- :::: gpstate:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:- Mirror Datadir Port Status Data Status :::: gpstate:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:- sdw2 /home/gpadmin/gpdata/gpdatam/gpseg0 Passive Resynchronizing :::: gpstate:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:- sdw1 /home/gpadmin/gpdata/gpdatam/gpseg1 Passive Synchronized :::: gpstate:mdw:gpadmin-[INFO]:--------------------------------------------------------------
5. 到上一步，数据库的主备就恢复了，但是还有一步，是可选的。
你要不要把primary , mirror角色对调一下，因为现在mirror和primary和优先角色是相反的。
如果要对调，使用以下命令，会停库来处理。
gprecoverseg -r
【总结】
用于修复Segment的是gprecoverseg。使用方式比较简单，有限的几个主要参数如下：
-i ：主要参数，用于指定一个配置文件，该配置文件描述了需要修复的Segment和修复后的目的位置。
-F ：可选项，指定后，gprecoverseg会将”-i”中指定的或标记”d”的实例删除，并从活着的Mirror复制一个完整一份到目标位置。
-r ：当FTS发现有Primary宕机并进行主备切换，在gprecoverseg修复后，担当Primary的Mirror角色并不会立即切换回来，就会导致部分主机上活跃的Segment过多从而引起性能瓶颈。因此需要恢复Segment原先的角色，称为re-balance。
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