SaltStact自动化运维工具02
Grains基础:
• Grains是saltstack最重要的组件之一
• 存储minion端的基本信息,这些信息一般都是静态的,如CPU、内核、操作系统等
• Grains存储在minion本地
• 管理员可以在minion端进行grains值的修改,如增加、删除等
Grains基础应用
应用一： 获取minion端所有grains信息
# salt '随便一台主机名' grains.items 相当于python字典的items() 列出key value
#salt '随便一台主机名' grains.ls 只列出key
#salt '随便一台主机名' grains.get saltversion 获取某个key的value
• 通过grains.item获取minion端的fqdn信息
# salt '随便一台主机名' grains.item fqdn
[root@linux-node1 ~]# salt 'linux-node1.localdomain' grains.items
linux-node1.localdomain:
----------
SSDs:
biosreleasedate:
07/02/2015
biosversion:
6.00
cpu_flags:
- fpu
- vme
- de
- pse
- tsc
- msr
- pae
- mce
- cx8
- apic
- sep
- mtrr
- pge
- mca
- cmov
- pat
- pse36
- clflush
- dts
- mmx
- fxsr
- sse
- sse2
- ss
- ht
- syscall
- nx
- pdpe1gb
- rdtscp
- lm
- constant_tsc
- arch_perfmon
- pebs
- bts
- nopl
- xtopology
- tsc_reliable
- nonstop_tsc
- aperfmperf
- eagerfpu
- pni
- pclmulqdq
- vmx
- ssse3
- fma
- cx16
- pcid
- sse4_1
- sse4_2
- x2apic
- movbe
- popcnt
- tsc_deadline_timer
- aes
- xsave
- avx
- f16c
- rdrand
- hypervisor
- lahf_lm
- abm
- epb
- tpr_shadow
- vnmi
- ept
- vpid
- fsgsbase
- tsc_adjust
- bmi1
- avx2
- smep
- bmi2
- invpcid
- xsaveopt
- dtherm
- arat
- pln
- pts
cpu_model:
Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-4710MQ CPU @ 2.50GHz
cpuarch:
x86_64
disks:
- sda
- sr0
- dm-0
- dm-1
- dm-2
dns:
----------
domain:
ip4_nameservers:
- 192.168.0.1
ip6_nameservers:
nameservers:
- 192.168.0.1
options:
search:
- localdomain
sortlist:
domain:
localdomain
fqdn:
localhost.localdomain
fqdn_ip4:
- 127.0.0.1
fqdn_ip6:
- ::1
fqdns:
gid:
0
gpus:
|_
----------
model:
SVGA II Adapter
vendor:
vmware
groupname:
root
host:
localhost
hwaddr_interfaces:
----------
ens33:
00:0c:29:fd:fa:c7
lo:
00:00:00:00:00:00
virbr0:
52:54:00:17:39:b3
virbr0-nic:
52:54:00:17:39:b3
id:
linux-node1.localdomain
init:
systemd
ip4_gw:
192.168.0.1
ip4_interfaces:
----------
ens33:
- 192.168.0.2
lo:
- 127.0.0.1
virbr0:
- 192.168.122.1
virbr0-nic:
ip6_gw:
False
ip6_interfaces:
----------
ens33:
- fe80::cd7:c134:744a:cf30
lo:
- ::1
virbr0:
virbr0-nic:
ip_gw:
True
ip_interfaces:
----------
ens33:
- 192.168.0.2
- fe80::cd7:c134:744a:cf30
lo:
- 127.0.0.1
- ::1
virbr0:
- 192.168.122.1
virbr0-nic:
ipv4:
- 127.0.0.1
- 192.168.0.2
- 192.168.122.1
ipv6:
- ::1
- fe80::cd7:c134:744a:cf30
kernel:
Linux
kernelrelease:
3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64
kernelversion:
#1 SMP Thu Nov 8 23:39:32 UTC 2018
locale_info:
----------
defaultencoding:
UTF-8
defaultlanguage:
zh_CN
detectedencoding:
UTF-8
localhost:
linux-node1.localdomain
lsb_distrib_codename:
CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
lsb_distrib_id:
CentOS Linux
machine_id:
37a27c09411541ca8f072be3ccc05527
manufacturer:
VMware, Inc.
master:
192.168.0.2
mdadm:
mem_total:
3771
nodename:
linux-node1.localdomain
num_cpus:
4
num_gpus:
1
os:
CentOS
os_family:
RedHat
osarch:
x86_64
oscodename:
CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
osfinger:
CentOS Linux-7
osfullname:
CentOS Linux
osmajorrelease:
7
osrelease:
7.6.1810
osrelease_info:
- 7
- 6
- 1810
path:
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
pid:
21258
productname:
VMware Virtual Platform
ps:
ps -efHww
pythonexecutable:
/usr/bin/python
pythonpath:
- /usr/bin
- /usr/lib64/python27.zip
- /usr/lib64/python2.7
- /usr/lib64/python2.7/plat-linux2
- /usr/lib64/python2.7/lib-tk
- /usr/lib64/python2.7/lib-old
- /usr/lib64/python2.7/lib-dynload
- /usr/lib64/python2.7/site-packages
- /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages
pythonversion:
- 2
- 7
- 5
- final
- 0
saltpath:
/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/salt
saltversion:
2019.2.0
saltversioninfo:
- 2019
- 2
- 0
- 0
selinux:
----------
enabled:
True
enforced:
Enforcing
serialnumber:
VMware-56 4d 48 8f 93 62 a0 3f-01 fa 25 b5 f5 fd fa c7
server_id:
740310944
shell:
/bin/sh
swap_total:
3967
systemd:
----------
features:
+PAM +AUDIT +SELINUX +IMA -APPARMOR +SMACK +SYSVINIT +UTMP +LIBCRYPTSETUP +GCRYPT +GNUTLS +ACL +XZ +LZ4 -SECCOMP +BLKID +ELFUTILS +KMOD +IDN
version:
219
uid:
0
username:
root
uuid:
8f484d56-6293-3fa0-01fa-25b5f5fdfac7
virtual:
VMware
zfs_feature_flags:
False
zfs_support:
False
zmqversion:
4.1.4
[root@linux-node1 ~]#
应用二
root@linux-node1 ~]# vim /srv/salt/base/web/apache.sls
apache-install:
pkg.installed:
- name: httpd
apache-service:
service.running:
- name: httpd
- enable: True
[root@linux-node1 ~]# vim /srv/salt/base/top.sls
base:
'os:CentOS':
- match: grain
- web.apache
[root@linux-node1 ~]# salt '*' state.highstate
应用三 通过minion的配置文件定义grains
[root@web1 ~]# vim /etc/salt/minion
grains:
web:
apache
[root@web1 ~]# systemctl restart salt-minion.service
[root@web2 ~]# vim /etc/salt/minion
grains:
web:
nginx
[root@web2 ~]# systemctl restart salt-minion.service
[root@sm ~]# salt '*' saltutil.sync_grains
web1:
db1:
cache:
web2:
db2:
[root@sm ~]# salt -G 'web:apache' test.ping
web1:
True
[root@sm ~]# salt -G 'web:nginx' test.ping
web2:
True
[root@sm ~]# salt 'web1' grains.item web
web1:
----------
web:
apache
[root@sm ~]# salt 'web2' grains.item web
web2:
----------
web:
nginx
应用四 在minion的/etc/salt下创建一个grains文件自定义grains键值对
例子一
[root@linux-node2 ~]# vim /etc/salt/grains
haha: linux-node1
[root@linux-node2 ~]# systemctl restart salt-minion
[root@linux-node1 ~]# salt '*' grains.get haha
linux-node1.localdomain:
linux-node2.localdomain:
linux-node1
例子二
[root@linux-node2 ~]# vim /etc/salt/grains
haha: linux-node1
[root@linux-node1 ~]# salt '*' saltutil.sync_grains 不需要重启就可以获取值 相对于例子一
[root@linux-node1 ~]# salt '*' grains.get haha
linux-node1.localdomain:
linux-node2.localdomain:
linux-node1
Pillar基础 在master端设置
• Pillar也是saltstack最重要的组件之一
• 作用是定义与被控主机相关的任何数据,定义好的数据可以被其他组件使用
• 存储在master端,存放需要提供给minion的信息
• 常用于敏感信息,每个minion只能访问master分配给自己的pillar信息
• 用于经常动态变化的信息
eg
[root@linux-node1 ~]# vim /etc/salt/master
#pillar_opts: False 改成True去掉注释
[root@linux-node1 ~]# salt '*' pillar.items 查看所有隐藏的pillar数据
[root@linux-node1 ~]# vim /etc/salt/master
pillar_roots:
base:
- /srv/pillar/base
prod:
- /srv/pillar/prod
[root@linux-node1 ~]#mkdir -p /srv/pillar/{base,prod}
[root@linux-node1 ~]#systemctl restart salt-master
#######################################################################
[root@linux-node1 ~]# vim /srv/pillar/base/apache.sls 自定义隐藏数据
{% if grains['os'] == 'CentOS' %}
apache: httpd
{% elif grains['os'] == 'Debian' %}
apache: apache2
{% endif %}
[root@linux-node1 ~]# vim /srv/pillar/base/top.sls
base:
'*':
- apache
[root@linux-node1 ~]# salt '*' pillar.items 不用重启服务pillar自动加载
linux-node2.localdomain:
----------
apache:
httpd
linux-node1.localdomain:
----------
apache:
httpd
[root@linux-node1 ~]# vim /srv/salt/base/web/apache.sls
apache-install:
pkg.installed:
- name: {{ pillar['apache'] }} #调用pillar定义的值
apache-service:
service.running:
- name: {{ pillar['apache'] }}
- enable: True
[root@linux-node1 base]# vim /srv/salt/base/top.sls
base:
'os:CentOS':
- match: grain
- web.apache
salt '*' state.highstate 第一步执行/srv/salt/base/top.sls 然后执行/srv/salt/base/web/apache.sls
配置pillar
• Pillar需要一个pillar_roots来维护pillar的配置
• 默认pillar_roots为/srv/pillar
• pillar_roots在Master配置文件中定义 [root@sm ~]# vim /etc/salt/master
pillar_roots:
base:
- /srv/pillar [root@sm ~]# mkdir /srv/pillar
[root@sm ~]# systemctl restart salt-master Pillar数据文件
• Pillar执行时需要一个名为top.sls的入口文件
• 通过top.sls文件作为入口,组织其它的pillar文件
• sls文件采用YAML格式 [root@sm ~]# cd /srv/pillar
[root@sm pillar]# vim top.sls
base: # 与pillar_roots定义一致
'L@web1,web2': # 过滤目标
- appweb # 用于包含 appweb
'E@db\d':
- appdb
- user
'cache':
- user [root@sm pillar]# vim appweb.sls
appname: web
software:
- apache
- nginx
[root@sm pillar]# vim appdb.sls
appname: mysql [root@sm pillar]# vim user.sls
users:
zhang3: 1000
li4: 1001 // 获取pillar全部数据
[root@sm pillar]# salt '*' pillar.items
web1:
----------
appname:
web
software:
- apache
- nginx
cache:
----------
users:
----------
li4:
1001
zhang3:
1000
web2:
----------
appname:
web
software:
- apache
- nginx
db2:
----------
appname:
mysql
users:
----------
li4:
1001
zhang3:
1000
db1:
----------
appname:
mysql
users:
----------
li4:
1001
zhang3:
1000
// 将pillar数据同步至minion
[root@sm pillar]# salt '*' saltutil.refresh_pillar
db2:
True
db1:
True
web2:
True
cache:
True
web1:
True
// 根据pillar值匹配minion
[root@sm pillar]# salt 'web1' pillar.item software
web1:
----------
software:
- apache
- nginx
pillar应用
salt-ssh介绍
[root@linux-node1 ~]# yum -y install salt-ssh
[root@linux-node1 ~]# vim /etc/salt/roster
linux-node1:
host: 192.168.0.2
user: root
passwd: 123123
port: 22
linux-node2:
host: 192.168.0.3
user: root
passwd: 123123
port: 22
[root@linux-node1 ~]# salt-ssh '*' test.ping #不支持交互
linux-node1:
----------
retcode:
254
stderr:
stdout:
The host key needs to be accepted, to auto accept run salt-ssh with the -i flag:
The authenticity of host '192.168.0.2 (192.168.0.2)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:2hjLlAn/WOJ6Cx4Q8B70J4X1ObWstIsSvW7zcmGNL3E.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:57:81:6b:a6:62:7e:25:a3:18:04:eb:26:e0:b5:1b:68.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)?
linux-node2:
----------
retcode:
254
stderr:
stdout:
The host key needs to be accepted, to auto accept run salt-ssh with the -i flag:
The authenticity of host '192.168.0.3 (192.168.0.3)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:O9SmNfSYPTyD9lvCospsGqNg53nqcHtOUfaVG/poh6c.
ECDSA key fingerprint is MD5:f1:8d:7f:5e:50:b5:27:14:ca:aa:d8:6d:47:0a:5a:04.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)?
结果
[root@linux-node1 ~]# salt-ssh '*' test.ping -i #加-i 默认yes 不要交互 或者：
[root@linux-node1 ~]# salt-ssh '*' -r 'ifconfig' 等价于[root@linux-node1 ~]# salt '*' cmd.run 'ifconfig'
[root@linux-node1 ~]# vim .ssh/config #执行任何命令不用交互
StrictHostKeyChecking no
常用的远程执行模块
[root@linux-node1 ~]# salt 'linux-node1.localdomain' service.status sshd #service（模块名称）.status（方法） sshd（参数）
linux-node1.localdomain:
True
[root@linux-node1 ~]#
[root@linux-node1 ~]# salt 'linux-node1.localdomain' service.available sshd
linux-node1.localdomain:
True
[root@linux-node1 ~]# salt 'linux-node1.localdomain' service.get_all #列出运行的所有服务
[root@linux-node1 ~]# salt '*' network.active_tcp #返回所有TCP连接
linux-node1.localdomain:
----------
0:
----------
local_addr:
192.168.0.2
local_port:
4505
remote_addr:
192.168.0.2
remote_port:
56454
1:
----------
local_addr:
192.168.0.2
local_port:
56454
remote_addr:
192.168.0.2
remote_port:
4505
2:
----------
local_addr:
192.168.0.2
local_port:
4505
remote_addr:
192.168.0.3
remote_port:
41612
3:
----------
local_addr:
192.168.0.2
local_port:
22
remote_addr:
192.168.0.101
remote_port:
50821
linux-node2.localdomain:
----------
0:
----------
local_addr:
192.168.0.3
local_port:
22
remote_addr:
192.168.0.101
remote_port:
51528
1:
----------
local_addr:
192.168.0.3
local_port:
41612
remote_addr:
192.168.0.2
remote_port:
4505
结果
[root@linux-node1 ~]# salt '*' network.connect baidu.com 80
linux-node2.localdomain:
----------
comment:
Successfully connected to baidu.com (123.125.115.110) on tcp port 80
result:
True
linux-node1.localdomain:
----------
comment:
Successfully connected to baidu.com (123.125.115.110) on tcp port 80
result:
True
[root@linux-node1 ~]# salt 'linux-node1.localdomain' state.show_top 查看top.sls里面对minion定义数据
linux-node1.localdomain:
----------
prod:
- lamp
[root@linux-node1 ~]# salt-cp 'linux-node1.localdomain' /etc/passwd /tmp/hehe #cp功能
linux-node1.localdomain:
----------
/tmp/hehe:
True
######################
远程执行返回
[root@linux-node1 ~]# salt '*' cmd.run 'yum -y install MySQL-python' 或者[root@linux-node1 ~]# salt '*' pkg.install MySQL-python
[root@linux-node1 ~]#要安装数据库 MariaDB-server
Use the following mysql database schema:
CREATE DATABASE `salt`
DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8
DEFAULT COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
USE `salt`;
--
-- Table structure for table `jids`
--
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `jids`;
CREATE TABLE `jids` (
`jid` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`load` mediumtext NOT NULL,
UNIQUE KEY `jid` (`jid`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
CREATE INDEX jid ON jids(jid) USING BTREE;
--
-- Table structure for table `salt_returns`
--
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `salt_returns`;
CREATE TABLE `salt_returns` (
`fun` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
`jid` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`return` mediumtext NOT NULL,
`id` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`success` varchar(10) NOT NULL,
`full_ret` mediumtext NOT NULL,
`alter_time` TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
KEY `id` (`id`),
KEY `jid` (`jid`),
KEY `fun` (`fun`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
--
-- Table structure for table `salt_events`
--
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `salt_events`;
CREATE TABLE `salt_events` (
`id` BIGINT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`tag` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
`data` mediumtext NOT NULL,
`alter_time` TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
`master_id` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `tag` (`tag`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
MariaDB [salt]> grant all on salt.* to salt@'%' identified by 'salt';
配置minion
[root@linux-node2 ~]# vim /etc/salt/minion
#return: mysql
#
mysql.host: '192.168.0.2'
mysql.user: 'salt'
mysql.pass: 'salt'
mysql.db: 'salt'
mysql.port: 3306
[root@linux-node2 ~]# systemctl restart salt-minion
[root@linux-node1 ~]# salt 'linux-node2.localdomain' test.ping --return mysql
linux-node2.localdomain:
True
查看数据库
MariaDB [salt]> select * from salt_returns\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
fun: test.ping
jid: 20190316185439085889
return: true
id: linux-node2.localdomain
success: 1
full_ret: {"fun_args": [], "jid": "20190316185439085889", "return": true, "retcode": 0, "success": true, "fun": "test.ping", "id": "linux-node2.localdomain"}
alter_time: 2019-03-16 18:54:39
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
ERROR: No query specified
MariaDB [salt]>
[root@linux-node1 ~]# vim /etc/salt/master
maser_jod_cache: mysql #加一行 [root@linux-node1 ~]# salt 'linux-node2.localdomain' test.ping #就不用加--return mysql
mysql.host: '192.168.0.2'
mysql.user: 'salt'
mysql.pass: 'salt'
mysql.db: 'salt'
mysql.port: 3306
[root@linux-node1 ~]# systemctl restart salt-master
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