ThinkPHP5.0框架开发--第7章 TP5.0数据库操作

第7章 TP5.0数据库操作

=========================================================

今日学习

1、TP5.0 支持数据库类型

Mysql、SqlServer、PgSQL、Sqlite等数据库的支持。

2、如何连接数据库

1、配置文件定义

a、配置文件目录

C:\AppServ\www\tp5\application\database.php

b、如何配置

return [

// 数据库类型

'type' => 'mysql',

// 服务器地址

'hostname' => '127.0.0.1',

// 数据库名

'database' => 'yzmedu',

// 用户名

'username' => 'root',

// 密码

'password' => '123456789',

// 端口

'hostport' => '3306',

];

c、如何使用

// 实例化系统数据库类

$DB=new Db;

// 查询数据

$data=$DB::table("user")->select();

// 使用sql语句

$data=$DB::query("select * from user");

2、方法配置

1、使用数组

$Db=Db::connect([

// 数据库类型

'type' => 'mysql',

// 服务器地址

'hostname' => '127.0.0.1',

// 数据库名

'database' => 'yzmedu2',

// 用户名

'username' => 'root',

// 密码

'password' => '123456789',

// 端口

'hostport' => '3306',

]);

2、使用字符串

$Db=Db::connect("mysql://root:123456789@127.0.0.1:3306/yzmedu#utf8");

// 数据库类型://用户名:密码@数据库地址:数据库端口/数据库名#字符集

3、如何使用

$data=$Db->table("user")->select();

3、模型类定义

1、创建数据模型

a、命令行创建

1、切换到项目目录

2、执行命令

php think make:model app\index\model\User

b、手动创建

1、打开数据模型目录

C:\AppServ\www\tp5\application\index\model

2、在目录下新建文件 User.php

3、在文件中书写代码

namespace app\index\model;

use think\Model;

class User extends Model

{

}

2、如何设置

class User extends Model

{

// 使用数组配置链接数据库

protected $connection=[

// 数据库类型

'type' => 'mysql',

// 服务器地址

'hostname' => '127.0.0.1',

// 数据库名

'database' => 'yzmedu',

// 用户名

'username' => 'root',

// 密码

'password' => '123456789',

// 端口

'hostport' => '3306',

];

// 使用字符串配置链接数据库

protected $connection="mysql://root:123456789@127.0.0.1:3306/yzmedu#utf8";

}

3、如何控制器中使用

$user=new \app\index\model\User();

// 查询所有的数据

dump($user::all());

3、查询数据

1、tp方法

// 实例化系统数据库类

$DB=new Db;

// 查询数据

$data=$DB::table("user")->select();

2、使用sql语句

// 实例化系统数据库类

$DB=new Db;

// 使用sql语句

$data=$DB::query("select * from user");

4、数据库的基本使用

1、增加

# 返回值影响行数

$data=Db::execute("insert into user value(null,'user1','123','18')");

$data=Db::execute("insert into user value(null,?,?,?)",['user2','456','20']);

$data=Db::execute("insert into user value(null,:name,:pass,:age)",['name'=>"user3","pass"=>'678','age'=>25]);

2、修改

#返回值影响行数

$data=Db::execute("update user set age='20' where id=9");

3、删除

#返回值影响行数

$data=Db::execute("delete from user where id=10");

$data=Db::execute("delete from user where id>?",[15]);

$data=Db::execute("delete from user where id>:id",["id"=>10]);

4、查看

$data=Db::query("select * from user");

$data=Db::query("select * from user where id >=? and id<=?",[5,8]);

5、获取指定sql语句

Db::getLastSql();

6、用户模块

1、命令行找到项目目录新建控制器

php think make:controller app\index\controller\Users

2、写资源路由

[详见代码]

5、TP数据库处理

1、查询操作

1、table方法查询数据

// 查询所有数据

// SELECT * FROM `user`

$data=Db::table("user")->select();

// 查询一条数据

// SELECT * FROM `user` LIMIT 1

$data=Db::table("user")->find();

2、name方法查询数据

// 与配置文件有关

// name 会自动添加配置文件中的表前缀

$data=Db::name("user")->select();

$data=Db::name("user")->find();

3、助手函数

# SELECT * FROM `user`

$data=db("user")->select();

# SELECT * FROM `user` LIMIT 1

$data=db("user")->find();

4、where条件匹配

// SELECT * FROM `user` WHERE `id` > 25

$data=Db::table("user")->where("id",">",25)->select();

// SELECT * FROM `user` WHERE ( `id` > 25 AND `id` < 28 )

$data=Db::table("user")->where("id",">",25)->where("id","<",28)->select();

// SELECT * FROM `user` WHERE `name` LIKE '%user1%'

$data=Db::table("user")->where("name","like","%user1%")->select();

// SELECT * FROM `user` WHERE `name` = 'user3' AND `pass` = 'qwe'

$data=Db::table("user")->where("name","user3")->where("pass",'qwe')->select();

// SELECT * FROM `user` WHERE ( id > 25 and id <28 )

$data=Db::table("user")->where("id > 25 and id <28")->select();

// SELECT * FROM `user` WHERE `id` > 25 AND `name` = 'user10'

$data=Db::table("user")->where(["id"=>[">",25],"name"=>'user10'])->select();

// SELECT * FROM `user` WHERE ( `id` > 25 AND `id` < 28 )

$data=Db::table("user")->where(["id"=>[">",25]])->where(['id'=>["<",28]])->select();

5、whereOr 或者匹配

// SELECT * FROM `user` WHERE `id` <= 23 OR `id` >= 28

$data=Db::table("user")->where("id","<=",23)->whereOr("id",">=",28)->select();

// SELECT * FROM `user` WHERE `name` LIKE '%user1%' OR `name` LIKE '%user2%'

$data=Db::table("user")->where("name","like","%user1%")->whereOr("name","like","%user2%")->select();

6、limit 截取数据

// SELECT * FROM `user` LIMIT 5

$data=Db::table("user")->limit(5)->select();

// SELECT * FROM `user` LIMIT 5,5

$data=Db::table("user")->limit(5,5)->select();

7、Order 排序

// SELECT * FROM `user` ORDER BY `id`

$data=Db::table("user")->order("id")->select();

// SELECT * FROM `user` ORDER BY `id` desc

$data=Db::table("user")->order("id","desc")->select();

8、field 设置查询字段

// 设置查询字段

// SELECT `name`,`pass` FROM `user`

$data=Db::table("user")->field("name,pass")->select();

$data=Db::table("user")->field(['name','pass'])->select();

// 起别名

// SELECT name uname,`pass` FROM `user`

$data=Db::table("user")->field("name uname,pass")->select();

$data=Db::table("user")->field(['name'=>"uname",'pass'])->select();

// sql 的系统函数

// SELECT count(*) as tot FROM `user`

$data=Db::table("user")->field("count(*) as tot")->select();

$data=Db::table("user")->field(['count(*)'=>"tot"])->select();

// 排除字段

// SELECT `id`,`age` FROM `user`

$data=Db::table("user")->field("name,pass",true)->select();

$data=Db::table("user")->field(["name",'pass'],true)->select();

9、Page 实现分页效果

// SELECT * FROM `user` LIMIT 5,5

$data=Db::table("user")->page("1,5")->select();

10、Group分组聚合

// SELECT `pass`,count(*) tot FROM `user` GROUP BY pass

$data=Db::table("user")->field("pass,count(*) tot")->group("pass")->select();

11、having 过滤

// 只能结合分组使用

// SELECT `pass`,count(*) tot FROM `user` GROUP BY pass HAVING tot >=2

$data=Db::table("user")->field("pass,count(*) tot")->having("tot >=2")->group("pass")->select();

12、多表查询

// select goods.*,type.name tname from type,goods where goods.cid=type.id

$data=Db::query("select goods.*,type.name tname from type,goods where goods.cid=type.id");

// 内联实现数据库链接

// SELECT `goods`.*,type.name tname FROM `goods` INNER JOIN `type` `type` ON `goods`.`cid`=`type`.`id`

$data=Db::table("goods")->field("goods.*,type.name tname")->join("type","goods.cid=type.id")->select();

// 右链接

// SELECT `goods`.*,type.name tname FROM `goods` RIGHT JOIN `type` `type` ON `goods`.`cid`=`type`.`id`

$data=Db::table("goods")->field("goods.*,type.name tname")->join("type","goods.cid=type.id",'right')->select();

// 左链接

$data=Db::table("goods")->field("goods.*,type.name tname")->join("type","goods.cid=type.id",'left')->select();

13、别名使用-给表起别名

// SELECT `g`.*,t.name tname FROM `goods` `g` LEFT JOIN `type` `t` ON `g`.`cid`=`t`.`id`

$data=Db::table("goods")->alias("g")->field("g.*,t.name tname")->join("type t","g.cid=t.id",'left')->select();

14、union集合

// SELECT `name` FROM `user` UNION select name from goods

$data=Db::field("name")->table("user")->union("select name from goods")->select();

15、参数绑定(bind) 为了防止sql注入

# DELETE FROM `user` WHERE `id` = 25

$id=input("id");

$data=Db::table("user")->where("id",":id")->bind(["id"=>[$id,\PDO::PARAM_INT]])->delete();

16、数据统计

// SELECT MAX(age) AS tp_max FROM `user` LIMIT 1

$data=Db::table("user")->max("age");

// SELECT MIN(age) AS tp_min FROM `user` LIMIT 1

$data=Db::table("user")->min("age");

// SELECT AVG(age) AS tp_avg FROM `user` LIMIT 1

$data=Db::table("user")->avg("age");

// SELECT SUM(age) AS tp_sum FROM `user` LIMIT 1

$data=Db::table("user")->sum("age");

// SELECT COUNT(age) AS tp_count FROM `user` LIMIT 1

$data=Db::table("user")->count("age");

17、视图查询

$data=Db::view("goods","id,name,price")

->view("type",'name tname',"type.id=goods.cid")

->select();

// SELECT `goods`.`id`,`goods`.`name`,`goods`.`price`,type.name tname FROM `goods` `goods` INNER JOIN `type` `type` ON `type`.`id`=`goods`.`cid`

$data=Db::view("goods","id,name,price")

->view("type",'name tname',"type.id=goods.cid","left")

->select();

// SELECT `goods`.`id`,`goods`.`name`,`goods`.`price`,type.name tname FROM `goods` `goods` LEFT JOIN `type` `type` ON `type`.`id`=`goods`.`cid`

2、增加操作

1、插入单条数据

// 数组中的字段名必须和数据库中的字段名一致

$data=["name"=>"张三","pass"=>"123","age"=>18,];

$code=Db::table("user")->insert($data);

$code=db("user")->insert($data);

// INSERT INTO `user` (`name` , `pass` , `age`) VALUES ('张三' , '123' , 18)

// 返回值影响行数

2、插入多条数据

$data=[

["name"=>"张三1","pass"=>"123","age"=>15,],

["name"=>"张三2","pass"=>"123","age"=>19,],

];

$code=Db::table("user")->insertAll($data);

$code=db("user")->insertAll($data);

// 返回值影响行数

3、获取最后一次插入ID

$data=["name"=>"张三","pass"=>"123","age"=>18,];

$code=Db::table("user")->insertGetId($data);

$code=db("user")->inserGetId($data);

// 返回值最后插入的id

3、更新数据

1、修改数据

$code=Db::table("user")->where("id",">",'60')->update(["pass"=>"qwe","age"=>2]);

// UPDATE `user` SET `pass`='qwe',`age`=2 WHERE `id` > 60

// 返回值影响行数

$code=Db::table("user")->update(['age'=>52,"id"=>62]);

// UPDATE `user` SET `age`=52 WHERE `id` = 62

$code=Db::table("user")->where("id",73)->setField("pass",'abc');

// UPDATE `user` SET `pass`='abc' WHERE `id` = 73

2、设置自增

$code=Db::table("user")->where("id",63)->setInc("age");

// UPDATE `user` SET `age`=age+1 WHERE `id` = 63

$code=db("user")->where("id",66)->setInc("age");

// UPDATE `user` SET `age`=age+1 WHERE `id` = 66

3、设置自减

// UPDATE `user` SET `age`=age-1 WHERE `id` = 62

$code=Db::table("user")->where("id",62)->setDec("age");

$code=Db::table("user")->where("id",62)->setDec("age",3);

// UPDATE `user` SET `age`=age-3 WHERE `id` = 62

$code=db("user")->where("id",63)->setDec("age",3);

// UPDATE `user` SET `age`=age-3 WHERE `id` = 63

4、删除数据

1、删除一条数据

$code=Db::table("user")->where("id","71")->delete();

$code=Db::table("user")->delete(70);

2、删除多条数据

$code=Db::table("user")->where("id in(51,54,55)")->delete();

$code=Db::table("user")->delete([62,63,66]);

3、删除区间数据

$code=Db::table("user")->where("id>40 and id<45")->delete();

// DELETE FROM `user` WHERE ( id>40 and id<45 )

6、事务机制

1、事务

张三银行卡 1000，李四银行卡 500, 张三给李四转账200

1) 银行先扣除张三的200

2) 银行将200 给了李四

2、mysql事务

mysql事务要求数据库的引擎必须 InnoDB

3、使用

1、自动控制事务

Db::transaction(function(){

// 删除一条数据

Db::table("user")->delete(40);

// 删除数据

Db::table("user")->deletes();

});

2、手动控制事务 (***)

// 开启事务

Db::startTrans();

// 事务

try{

// 删除数据id 31

$a=Db::table("user")->delete(31);

// 判断是否删除成功

if (!$a) {

throw new \Exception("删除id 31 数据没有成功");

}

// 删除不存在的数据 id 32

$b=Db::table("user")->delete(32);

// 判断是否删除成功

if (!$b) {

throw new \Exception("删除id 32 数据没有成功");

}

// 执行提交操作

Db::commit();

}catch(\Exception $e){

// 回滚事务

Db::rollback();

// 获取提示信息

dump($e->getMessage());

}

// ==================================================================

// 开启事务

Db::startTrans();

// 删除数据 33

$a=Db::table("user")->delete(33);

// 删除数据 34

$b=Db::table("user")->delete(34);

// 判断条件

if ($a && $b) {

// 提交事务

Db::commit();

}else{

// 回滚事务

Db::rollback();

}