Linux文件及目录查找

一which——显示命令的完整路径

[root@centos71 ~]# which  ls

alias ls='ls --color=auto'

    /usr/bin/ls

[root@centos71 ~]# which  cp

alias cp='cp -i'

    /usr/bin/cp

[root@centos71 ~]# which  cat

/usr/bin/cat

[root@centos71 ~]# which  cd

/usr/bin/cd

[root@centos71 ~]# which  ping

/usr/bin/ping

[root@centos71 ~]# echo  $PATH

/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin

[root@centos71 ~]#

二whereis

[root@centos71 ~]# whereis cp

cp: /usr/bin/cp /usr/share/man/man1/cp.1.gz

[root@centos71 ~]# mv   /usr/share/man/man1/cp.1.gz  /tmp/

[root@centos71 ~]# ls  /tmp/cp.1.gz

/tmp/cp.1.gz

[root@centos71 ~]# man cp

No manual entry for cp
[root@centos71 ~]# whereis   cd

cd: /usr/bin/cd /usr/share/man/man1/cd.1.gz

[root@centos71 ~]# whereis   cat

cat: /usr/bin/cat /usr/share/man/man1/cat.1.gz

[root@centos71 ~]# whereis   pwd

pwd: /usr/bin/pwd /usr/include/pwd.h /usr/share/man/man1/pwd.1.gz

[root@centos71 ~]# whereis   ping

ping: /usr/bin/ping /usr/share/man/man8/ping.8.gz

三locate

缺点:无法区分类型，要及时更新数据库

updatedb是更新数据库文件

巧记：
数据库文件相当于大学宿舍名单册，里面记录了大学生的住宿情况，名字和宿舍对应起来了。

宿舍的人搬走了，但是没有在名单上更新就无法在宿舍找到这个人了。

[root@centos71 ~]# yum  provides  locate

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com

 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com

 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com

mlocate-0.26-8.el7.x86_64 : An utility for finding files by name

Repo        : base

Matched from:

Filename    : /usr/bin/locate

mlocate-0.26-8.el7.x86_64 : An utility for finding files by name

Repo        : @base

Matched from:

Filename    : /usr/bin/locate
[root@centos71 ~]# locate ping.sh

locate: can not stat () `/var/lib/mlocate/mlocate.db': No such file or directory

[root@centos71 ~]# update

-bash: update: command not found

[root@centos71 ~]# updatedb

[root@centos71 ~]# locate ping.sh

/shell_scriprs/.ping.sh.swp

/shell_scriprs/ping.sh
[root@centos71 ~]# touch  hahah.sh

[root@centos71 ~]# locate hahah.sh

[root@centos71 ~]# updatedb

[root@centos71 ~]# locate hahah.sh

/root/hahah.sh
[root@centos71 ~]# yum  provides find

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration

Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com

 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com

 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com

1:findutils-4.5.11-6.el7.x86_64 : The GNU versions of find utilities (find and xargs)

Repo        : base

Matched from:

Filename    : /usr/bin/find

1:findutils-4.5.11-6.el7.x86_64 : The GNU versions of find utilities (find and xargs)

Repo        : @anaconda

Matched from:

Filename    : /usr/bin/find

四find

find的查找条件

语法:find    查找区域目录信息    搜索的条件

（一）根据目录层级查找数据

注意此参数一定要放在命令的最前面

查找目录里面的内容，没有指定文件类型那么就是文件和目录

[root@centos71 ~]# find  /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/    -maxdepth

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-lo

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-bnep

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-eth

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ippp

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ipv6

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-isdn

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-post

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ppp

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-routes

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-sit

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-tunnel

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-aliases

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-bnep

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-eth

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ippp

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ipv6

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-isdn

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-plip

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-plusb

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-post

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ppp

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-routes

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-sit

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-tunnel

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-wireless

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/init.ipv6-global

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/network-functions

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/network-functions-ipv6

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-Team

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-TeamPort

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-Team

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-TeamPort

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

[root@centos71 ~]# find  /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/    -maxdepth     |  wc

查看/var/目录下的所有文件和目录

[root@centos71 ~]# ls  -al   /var/

total 16

drwxr-xr-x. 19 root root  267 Nov 26 17:39 .

dr-xr-xr-x. 24 root root 4096 Dec 16 01:25 ..

drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Apr 11  2018 adm

drwxr-xr-x.  6 root root   59 Nov 26 17:33 cache

drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Nov  5  2018 crash

drwxr-xr-x.  3 root root   34 Nov 26 17:33 db

drwxr-xr-x.  3 root root   18 Nov 26 17:33 empty

drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Apr 11  2018 games

drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Apr 11  2018 gopher

drwxr-xr-x.  3 root root   18 Nov 26 17:32 kerberos

drwxr-xr-x. 30 root root 4096 Dec 12 15:55 lib

drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Apr 11  2018 local

lrwxrwxrwx.  1 root root   11 Nov 26 17:31 lock -> ../run/lock

drwxr-xr-x.  8 root root 4096 Dec 16 05:14 log

lrwxrwxrwx.  1 root root   10 Nov 26 17:31 mail -> spool/mail

drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Apr 11  2018 nis

drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Apr 11  2018 opt

drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Apr 11  2018 preserve

lrwxrwxrwx.  1 root root    6 Nov 26 17:31 run -> ../run

drwxr-xr-x. 10 root root  118 Nov 26 17:33 spool

drwxrwxrwt.  3 root root   18 Dec 16 09:59 tmp

-rw-r--r--.  1 root root  163 Nov 26 17:31 .updated

drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Apr 11  2018 yp

[root@centos71 ~]# ls  -al   /var/  |  wc

     24     215

查看/var/目录下的所有目录，注意有3个是软链接

[root@centos71 ~]# ls   -d  /var/*  | wc

     20      20     205

[root@centos71 ~]# ls   -ld  /var/*  | wc

     20     186    1104

[root@centos71 ~]# ls   -ld  /var/*

drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Apr 11  2018 /var/adm

drwxr-xr-x.  6 root root   59 Nov 26 17:33 /var/cache

drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Nov  5  2018 /var/crash

drwxr-xr-x.  3 root root   34 Nov 26 17:33 /var/db

drwxr-xr-x.  3 root root   18 Nov 26 17:33 /var/empty

drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Apr 11  2018 /var/games

drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Apr 11  2018 /var/gopher

drwxr-xr-x.  3 root root   18 Nov 26 17:32 /var/kerberos

drwxr-xr-x. 30 root root 4096 Dec 12 15:55 /var/lib

drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Apr 11  2018 /var/local

lrwxrwxrwx.  1 root root   11 Nov 26 17:31 /var/lock -> ../run/lock

drwxr-xr-x.  8 root root 4096 Dec 16 05:14 /var/log

lrwxrwxrwx.  1 root root   10 Nov 26 17:31 /var/mail -> spool/mail

drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Apr 11  2018 /var/nis

drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Apr 11  2018 /var/opt

drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Apr 11  2018 /var/preserve

lrwxrwxrwx.  1 root root    6 Nov 26 17:31 /var/run -> ../run

drwxr-xr-x. 10 root root  118 Nov 26 17:33 /var/spool

drwxrwxrwt.  3 root root   18 Dec 16 09:59 /var/tmp

drwxr-xr-x.  2 root root    6 Apr 11  2018 /var/yp

查找一级目录，不显示软链接对应的目录，但是把父目录也显示了

[root@centos71 ~]# find  /var/   -maxdepth   1  -type  d

/var/

/var/tmp

/var/lib

/var/log

/var/adm

/var/cache

/var/db

/var/empty

/var/games

/var/gopher

/var/local

/var/nis

/var/opt

/var/preserve

/var/spool

/var/yp

/var/kerberos

/var/crash

[root@centos71 ~]# find  /var/   -maxdepth   1  -type  d  | wc

     18      18

查找指定的一层

只在第2层查找，那么最大和最小都是2层

[root@centos72 ~]# find  /etc  -mindepth  2   -maxdepth    2   -name  "network"

/etc/sysconfig/network

最小层比较难理解的

-mindepth    查找数据最小深度

搜索最大3层，最小2层和搜索最小2层，最大3层显示结果是一样的，其位置不讲究

 
[root@centos72 ~]# find  /etc  -mindepth  2   -maxdepth    3   -name  "network"

/etc/rc.d/init.d/network

/etc/sysconfig/network

[root@centos72 ~]# find  /etc  -maxdepth    3  -mindepth  2   -name  "network"

/etc/rc.d/init.d/network

/etc/sysconfig/network
 

（二）根据文件名称查找数据

可以结合通配符*进行匹配

[root@centos71 ~]# find  /shell_scriprs     -name   "ping"

[root@centos71 ~]# find  /shell_scriprs     -name   "ping*"

/shell_scriprs/ping.sh
[root@centos71 ~]# find  /shell_scriprs     -name   "usr*"

/shell_scriprs/usr_ramdel.sh

/shell_scriprs/usr_rampswd.sh

/shell_scriprs/usr_del.sh

/shell_scriprs/usr_pswd.sh

/shell_scriprs/usr_ram_crt.sh

/shell_scriprs/usr_ram_crt.txt

/shell_scriprs/usr.sh

/shell_scriprs/usrname.txt

（三）根据文件类型查找数据

-type TYPE:

f: 普通文件

d: 目录文件

l: 符号链接文件

s：套接字文件

b: 块设备文件

c: 字符设备文件

p: 管道文件

[root@centos71 ~]# find  /shell_scriprs/    -type  f

/shell_scriprs/usr_ramdel.sh

/shell_scriprs/usr_rampswd.sh

/shell_scriprs/usr_del.sh

/shell_scriprs/usr_pswd.sh

/shell_scriprs/hacker.sh

/shell_scriprs/usr_ram_crt.sh

/shell_scriprs/usr_ram_crt.txt

/shell_scriprs/usr.sh

/shell_scriprs/usrname.txt

/shell_scriprs/create_usr.sh

/shell_scriprs/ping.sh

（四）根据文件大小查找数据

寻找小于10k文件，注意是小写字母k

[root@centos71 ~]# find  /shell_scriprs    -size   -10k

/shell_scriprs

/shell_scriprs/usr_ramdel.sh

/shell_scriprs/usr_rampswd.sh

/shell_scriprs/usr_del.sh

/shell_scriprs/usr_pswd.sh

/shell_scriprs/hacker.sh

/shell_scriprs/usr_ram_crt.sh

/shell_scriprs/usr_ram_crt.txt

/shell_scriprs/usr.sh

/shell_scriprs/usrname.txt

/shell_scriprs/create_usr.sh

/shell_scriprs/ping.sh

寻找大小正好是20K的文件

[root@centos71 ~]# find  /tmp/   -size   20k

/tmp/yum_save_tx.2019-12-11.12-42.LMzjWj.yumtx

[root@centos71 ~]# ll  -h /tmp/yum_save_tx.2019-12-11.12-42.LMzjWj.yumtx

-rw------- 1 root root 20K Dec 11 12:42 /tmp/yum_save_tx.2019-12-11.12-42.LMzjWj.yumtx

寻找大于10M文件

[root@centos71 ~]# find  /var/  -size +10M

/var/lib/rpm/Packages

/var/log/messages-20191212

/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/base/gen/primary_db.sqlite

/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/base/gen/filelists_db.sqlite

/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/updates/gen/primary_db.sqlite

/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/updates/gen/filelists_db.sqlite

/var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/epel/gen/primary_db.sqlite

注意找不到大小带浮点数的文件

[root@centos71 ~]# du  -s  /app/  -h

412K    /app/

[root@centos71 ~]# ls  /app/ -l

total

drwxrwxrwx        Apr     cmatrix-.2a

-rw-r--r--  root root  Dec  : cmatrix-.2a.tar.gz

[root@centos71 ~]#  find  /app/ -size   -.5k

find: Invalid argument `-.5k' to -size
[root@centos71 ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/app/03.txt bs=150M count=10

10+0 records in

10+0 records out

1572864000 bytes (1.6 GB) copied, 69.2731 s, 22.7 MB/s
[root@centos71 ~]# ll  -h  /app/

total 1.5G

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1.5G Dec 13 14:48 03.txt

drwxrwxrwx 2  500  500 4.0K Dec 10 15:55 cmatrix-1.2a

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  73K Dec 10 15:53 cmatrix-1.2a.tar.gz

[root@centos71 ~]# find  /app/ -size 1.5G

find: Invalid argument `1.5G' to -size

（五）根据条件逻辑查找数据

请找出文件大小是大于6k 并且找出文件名称xxxx开头的文件
注意逻辑关系  -a 是默认的，可加可不加

[root@centos71 test]# pwd

/test

[root@centos71 test]# ll -h

total 140K

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 137K Dec 16 00:52 english_words.txt

[root@centos71 test]# find   .   -name  "english*"   -size +6k

./english_words.txt

注意如果没有指明路径那么默认就是当前路径

[root@centos71 test]# find     -name  "english*"  -a   -size +6k

./english_words.txt
[root@centos71 test]# find      -size +6k  -a    -name  "english*"

./english_words.txt

找出文件名称是chinese开头的文件或者english开头的文件

联系中学数学并和或的关系

[root@centos71 test]# find  -name   "chinese*"   -o   -name  "english*"

./english_words.txt

./chinese.txt

（六）根据时间条件查找数据

查找距离当前时间7天以前的数据，也就是比七天更长的数据

数据包括文件和目录

[root@centos71 ~]# ll  -d /etc/sysconfig/network

-rw-r--r--.  root root  Nov  : /etc/sysconfig/network

[root@centos71 ~]# find  /etc/sysconfig/network    -mtime +

/etc/sysconfig/network

找距离当前时间7天以内的数据

[root@centos71 ~]# ll  -t   /var/log

total

-rw-r--r--.  root   root       Dec  : lastlog

-rw-rw-r--.  root   utmp       Dec  : wtmp

-rw-------   root   root         Dec  : secure

-rw-------   root   root        Dec  : messages

-rw-------   root   root         Dec  : cron

-rw-------   root   root          Dec  : maillog

-rw-------.  root   root        Dec  : boot.log

-rw-r--r--.  root   root        Dec  : vmware-vmsvc.log

-rw-r--r--   root   root          Dec  : vmware-network.log

-rw-r--r--   root   root          Dec  : vmware-network..log

-rw-r--r--   root   root          Dec  : vmware-network..log

-rw-r--r--   root   root          Dec  : vmware-network..log

-rw-r--r--   root   root          Dec  : vmware-network..log

-rw-r--r--   root   root          Dec  : vmware-network..log

-rw-r--r--.  root   root        Dec  : vmware-vgauthsvc.log.

-rw-r--r--   root   root       Dec  : dmesg

-rw-r--r--   root   root       Dec  : dmesg.old

-rw-------   root   root            Dec  : spooler

-rw-------   root   root         Dec  : boot.log-

-rw-------   root   root        Dec  : cron-

-rw-------   root   root       Dec  : messages-

-rw-------   root   root        Dec  : secure-

-rw-------   root   root         Dec  : maillog-

-rw-r--r--   root   root          Dec  : vmware-network..log

-rw-r--r--   root   root          Dec  : vmware-network..log

drwxrwx---   nginx  root           Dec  : nginx

-rw-------   root   root         Dec  : boot.log-

-rw-r--r--   root   root          Dec  : vmware-network..log

-rw-r--r--   root   root          Dec  : vmware-network..log

-rw-------   root   root        Dec  : boot.log-

-rw-------.  root   root         Dec  : yum.log

-rw-------.  root   utmp         Dec  : btmp

-rw-------   root   root            Dec  : spooler-

-rw-------   root   root        Dec  : boot.log-

-rw-------.  root   root        Dec  : cron-

-rw-------.  root   root    Dec  : messages-

-rw-------.  root   root        Dec  : secure-

-rw-------.  root   root         Dec  : maillog-

-rw-------   root   root        Dec  : boot.log-

-rw-------   root   root        Dec  : boot.log-

-rw-------   root   root        Dec   : boot.log-

-rw-------.  root   root            Dec   : spooler-

-rw-------.  root   root        Dec   : cron-

-rw-------.  root   root      Dec   : messages-

-rw-------.  root   root        Dec   : secure-

-rw-------.  root   root         Dec   : maillog-

-rw-------.  root   utmp         Nov  : btmp-

drwxr-xr-x.  root   root           Nov  : tuned

-rw-r--r--.  root   root            Nov  : firewalld

drwx------.  root   root           Nov  : audit

drwxr-xr-x.  root   root            Nov  : rhsm

drwxr-xr-x.  root   root          Nov  : anaconda

-rw-------.  root   root            Nov  : spooler-

-rw-r--r--.  root   root          Nov  : grubby_prune_debug

-rw-------.  root   root            Nov  : tallylog

drwxr-xr-x.  chrony chrony          Aug   : chrony
[root@centos71 ~]# find  /var/log/   -mtime -

/var/log/

/var/log/lastlog

/var/log/wtmp

/var/log/tuned/tuned.log

/var/log/audit/audit.log

/var/log/boot.log

/var/log/vmware-vmsvc.log

/var/log/vmware-vgauthsvc.log.

/var/log/yum.log

/var/log/dmesg.old

/var/log/vmware-network..log

/var/log/vmware-network..log

/var/log/boot.log-

/var/log/maillog-

/var/log/cron

/var/log/messages-

/var/log/spooler

/var/log/vmware-network..log

/var/log/boot.log-

/var/log/boot.log-

/var/log/vmware-network..log

/var/log/nginx

/var/log/nginx/access.log

/var/log/nginx/error.log

/var/log/nginx/error.log-.gz

/var/log/vmware-network..log

/var/log/vmware-network.log

/var/log/cron-

/var/log/secure-

/var/log/cron-

/var/log/messages

/var/log/vmware-network..log

/var/log/vmware-network..log

/var/log/btmp

/var/log/messages-

/var/log/boot.log-

/var/log/maillog-

/var/log/maillog

/var/log/secure-

/var/log/secure

/var/log/spooler-

/var/log/vmware-network..log

/var/log/boot.log-

/var/log/dmesg

/var/log/boot.log-

/var/log/vmware-network..log

找距离当前时间之前正好7天的数据

注意只精确到天

[root@centos71 ~]# find   /var/log    -mtime

/var/log/boot.log-

[root@centos71 ~]# ll   /var/log/boot.log-

-rw-------  root root  Dec   : /var/log/boot.log-

[root@centos71 ~]# date

Mon Dec  :: CST

find命令实现批量处理数据

（一）find查找数据&&批量删除

步骤一：将要处理数据找出来
步骤二：将数据批量删除

方法一：find命令参数及动作

[root@centos71 ~]# ls  /test

mailx.conf        mantisbt_format_analyzer_libreport.conf     mariadb-x86_64.conf

mailx_event.conf  mantisbt_format.conf                        mke2fs.conf

man_db.conf       mantisbt_formatdup_analyzer_libreport.conf

mantisbt.conf     mantisbt_formatdup.conf

[root@centos71 ~]# ls  /test2

mailx.conf        mantisbt_format_analyzer_libreport.conf     mariadb-x86_64.conf

mailx_event.conf  mantisbt_format.conf                        mke2fs.conf

man_db.conf       mantisbt_formatdup_analyzer_libreport.conf

mantisbt.conf     mantisbt_formatdup.conf

[root@centos71 ~]# ls  /test3

mailx.conf        mantisbt_format_analyzer_libreport.conf     mariadb-x86_64.conf

mailx_event.conf  mantisbt_format.conf                        mke2fs.conf

man_db.conf       mantisbt_formatdup_analyzer_libreport.conf

mantisbt.conf     mantisbt_formatdup.conf

[root@centos71 ~]# mkdir  /test4

[root@centos71 ~]# cp  /test/*  /test4

[root@centos71 ~]# ls  /test4

mailx.conf        mantisbt_format_analyzer_libreport.conf     mariadb-x86_64.conf

mailx_event.conf  mantisbt_format.conf                        mke2fs.conf

man_db.conf       mantisbt_formatdup_analyzer_libreport.conf

mantisbt.conf     mantisbt_formatdup.conf
 
 
 
找到所有以m开头的数据 
[root@centos71 ~]#  find   /test    -type  f   -name   "m*"

/test/mailx.conf

/test/mailx_event.conf

/test/man_db.conf

/test/mantisbt.conf

/test/mantisbt_format_analyzer_libreport.conf

/test/mantisbt_format.conf

/test/mantisbt_formatdup_analyzer_libreport.conf

/test/mantisbt_formatdup.conf

/test/mariadb-x86_64.conf

/test/mke2fs.conf
 

将m开头的数据全部删除

注意不要轻易删除目录，所以得指定文件类型

[root@centos71 ~]#  find   /test    -type  f   -name   "m*"  -delete

[root@centos71 ~]# ls  /test

[root@centos71 ~]#  find   /test    -type  f   -name   "m*"

方法二：管道+xargs命令进行处理

直接使用rm无法删除

xargs起到了过渡作用，是中介，识别前面的字符信息，作为管道后面命令的参数

注意对象实际上也是参数，正就像目录也是文件

[root@centos71 ~]#  find   /test2    -type  f   -name   "m*"

/test2/mailx.conf

/test2/mailx_event.conf

/test2/man_db.conf

/test2/mantisbt.conf

/test2/mantisbt_format_analyzer_libreport.conf

/test2/mantisbt_format.conf

/test2/mantisbt_formatdup_analyzer_libreport.conf

/test2/mantisbt_formatdup.conf

/test2/mariadb-x86_64.conf

/test2/mke2fs.conf

[root@centos71 ~]#  find   /test2    -type  f   -name   "m*"   |  xargs  rm

[root@centos71 ~]#  find   /test2    -type  f   -name   "m*"

[root@centos71 ~]# ls /test2
[root@centos71 ~]# echo  {..}  |  xargs  -n2

[root@centos71 ~]# echo  {..}  |  xargs  -n3

[root@centos71 ~]# echo  {..}  |  xargs  -n4

[root@centos71 ~]# echo  {..}

方法三：反引号进行处理

很好理解,反引号就像中学数学里面的四则运算里面的括号

提高了运算的优先级

[root@centos71 ~]# bc

bc 1.06.

Copyright -, , , , ,  Free Software Foundation, Inc.

This is free software with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY.

For details type `warranty'.

*(+)

^C

(interrupt) Exiting bc.
[root@centos71 ~]#  find   /test3     -type  f   -name   "m*"

/test3/mailx_event.conf

/test3/mantisbt.conf

/test3/mantisbt_format.conf

/test3/mantisbt_format_analyzer_libreport.conf

/test3/mantisbt_formatdup.conf

/test3/mantisbt_formatdup_analyzer_libreport.conf

/test3/mailx.conf

/test3/mariadb-x86_64.conf

/test3/man_db.conf

/test3/mke2fs.conf

[root@centos71 ~]# rm -f   ` find   /test3     -type  f   -name   "m*"`

[root@centos71 ~]#  find   /test3     -type  f   -name   "m*"

[root@centos71 ~]# ls /test3

方法四: find参数 -exec

钓上一条鱼就放到框里面，exec相当于钓鱼，{  }相当于放鱼的桶

；作用是隔开命令

注意xarg和exec的区别，前者有管道，后者有；\

[root@centos71 ~]#  find   /test4     -type  f   -name   "m*"

/test4/mailx.conf

/test4/mailx_event.conf

/test4/man_db.conf

/test4/mantisbt.conf

/test4/mantisbt_format_analyzer_libreport.conf

/test4/mantisbt_format.conf

/test4/mantisbt_formatdup_analyzer_libreport.conf

/test4/mantisbt_formatdup.conf

/test4/mariadb-x86_64.conf

/test4/mke2fs.conf

[root@centos71 ~]#  find   /test4     -type  f   -name   "m*"  -exec   rm   {}  \;

[root@centos71 ~]#  find   /test4     -type  f   -name   "m*"

[root@centos71 ~]# ls  /test4

（二）find查找数据&&批量复制

[root@centos71 ~]#  find   /etc/  -name   "m*.conf"

/etc/mailx_event.conf

/etc/mantisbt.conf

/etc/mantisbt_format.conf

/etc/mantisbt_format_analyzer_libreport.conf

/etc/mantisbt_formatdup.conf

/etc/mantisbt_formatdup_analyzer_libreport.conf

/etc/mailx.conf

/etc/mariadb-x86_64.conf

/etc/man_db.conf

/etc/mke2fs.conf
[root@centos71 ~]# ls  /test2

[root@centos71 ~]# find   /etc/  -name   "m*.conf"  |  xargs  -i  cp  {}  /test2

[root@centos71 ~]# ls  /test2

mailx.conf        mantisbt_format_analyzer_libreport.conf     mariadb-x86_64.conf

mailx_event.conf  mantisbt_format.conf                        mke2fs.conf

man_db.conf       mantisbt_formatdup_analyzer_libreport.conf

mantisbt.conf     mantisbt_formatdup.conf

（三）find查找数据&&批量移动

注意移动和复制方法相同，换命令即可

mv不需要添加参数

方法一

[root@centos71 ~]# ls  /test2

mailx.conf        mantisbt_format_analyzer_libreport.conf     mariadb-x86_64.conf

mailx_event.conf  mantisbt_format.conf                        mke2fs.conf

man_db.conf       mantisbt_formatdup_analyzer_libreport.conf

mantisbt.conf     mantisbt_formatdup.conf

[root@centos71 ~]# ls  /test3

[root@centos71 ~]# find  /test2  -type  f  -name  "m*conf"

/test2/mailx_event.conf

/test2/mantisbt.conf

/test2/mantisbt_format.conf

/test2/mantisbt_format_analyzer_libreport.conf

/test2/mantisbt_formatdup.conf

/test2/mantisbt_formatdup_analyzer_libreport.conf

/test2/mailx.conf

/test2/mariadb-x86_64.conf

/test2/man_db.conf

/test2/mke2fs.conf

[root@centos71 ~]# find  /test2  -type  f  -name  "m*conf"  |  xargs   -i  mv  -t  {}  /test3

mv: target ‘/test2/mailx_event.conf’ is not a directory

mv: target ‘/test2/mantisbt.conf’ is not a directory

mv: target ‘/test2/mantisbt_format.conf’ is not a directory

mv: target ‘/test2/mantisbt_format_analyzer_libreport.conf’ is not a directory

mv: target ‘/test2/mantisbt_formatdup.conf’ is not a directory

mv: target ‘/test2/mantisbt_formatdup_analyzer_libreport.conf’ is not a directory

mv: target ‘/test2/mailx.conf’ is not a directory

mv: target ‘/test2/mariadb-x86_64.conf’ is not a directory

mv: target ‘/test2/man_db.conf’ is not a directory

mv: target ‘/test2/mke2fs.conf’ is not a directory

[root@centos71 ~]# find  /test2  -type  f  -name  "m*conf"  |  xargs   -i  mv    {}  /test3

[root@centos71 ~]# ls  /test3

mailx.conf        mantisbt_format_analyzer_libreport.conf     mariadb-x86_64.conf

mailx_event.conf  mantisbt_format.conf                        mke2fs.conf

man_db.conf       mantisbt_formatdup_analyzer_libreport.conf

mantisbt.conf     mantisbt_formatdup.conf

方法二

[root@centos71 ~]# ls  /test3

mailx.conf        mantisbt_format_analyzer_libreport.conf     mariadb-x86_64.conf

mailx_event.conf  mantisbt_format.conf                        mke2fs.conf

man_db.conf       mantisbt_formatdup_analyzer_libreport.conf

mantisbt.conf     mantisbt_formatdup.conf

[root@centos71 ~]# ls  /test2

[root@centos71 ~]# find  /test3  -type  f  -name  "m*conf"  |  xargs   -i  mv  -t  /test2

mv: missing file operand

Try 'mv --help' for more information.

mv: missing file operand

Try 'mv --help' for more information.

mv: missing file operand

Try 'mv --help' for more information.

mv: missing file operand

Try 'mv --help' for more information.

mv: missing file operand

Try 'mv --help' for more information.

mv: missing file operand

Try 'mv --help' for more information.

mv: missing file operand

Try 'mv --help' for more information.

mv: missing file operand

Try 'mv --help' for more information.

mv: missing file operand

Try 'mv --help' for more information.

mv: missing file operand

Try 'mv --help' for more information.

[root@centos71 ~]# find  /test3  -type  f  -name  "m*conf"  |  xargs    mv  -t  /test2

[root@centos71 ~]# ls  /test2

mailx.conf        mantisbt_format_analyzer_libreport.conf     mariadb-x86_64.conf

mailx_event.conf  mantisbt_format.conf                        mke2fs.conf

man_db.conf       mantisbt_formatdup_analyzer_libreport.conf

mantisbt.conf     mantisbt_formatdup.conf

[root@centos71 ~]# ls  /test3

方法三

[root@centos71 ~]# ls  /test2

mailx.conf        mantisbt_format_analyzer_libreport.conf     mariadb-x86_64.conf

mailx_event.conf  mantisbt_format.conf                        mke2fs.conf

man_db.conf       mantisbt_formatdup_analyzer_libreport.conf

mantisbt.conf     mantisbt_formatdup.conf

[root@centos71 ~]# ls  /test3

[root@centos71 ~]# mv  `find  /test2  -type  f  -name  "m*conf"`  /test3

[root@centos71 ~]# ls  /test3

mailx.conf        mantisbt_format_analyzer_libreport.conf     mariadb-x86_64.conf

mailx_event.conf  mantisbt_format.conf                        mke2fs.conf

man_db.conf       mantisbt_formatdup_analyzer_libreport.conf

mantisbt.conf     mantisbt_formatdup.conf

[root@centos71 ~]# ls  /test2

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