（原创）Hibernate 使用过程中（尤其是多对多关联中的级联保存和级联删除）的注意事项（基于项目的总结）

一.先上知识点：

1.hibernate多对多关联关系中最重要的参数是（基于配置文件xxx.hbm.xml文件形式）：

1）：inverse属性，如果设置inverse=“true”就代表让对方参与维护第三方表格。//这个属性特别重要，多对多关系中最好有且只有一个维护第三方表格，如果两方都维护第三方表格，那么可能第三方表格会重复维护现象（有可能会造成第三方表格联合主键的重复）

2）：lazy属性，这个属性代表延迟加载与否，在讲这个属性之前，先讲一个东西，就是在hibernate多对多关联关系中，在双方的类中都会出现一个Set<XXX>这个集合属性（在读取过程中，这个set集合会被hibernate封装成persistentSet集合），当在xxx.hbm.xml文件中设置lazy=“false”时，就说明，不会让延迟加载起作用，那么这个延迟加载加载什么东西呢？延迟加载的东西就是刚刚提到的Set<XXX>集合中的东西，打个比方，现在有多对多的User类和Educate类（员工多对多培训课程），在User类中的java代码如下：

package com.ssh.entities;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

public class User {
    private Long id;//员工编号
    private String name;//员工用户名
    private String password;//登录密码
    private Byte sex;//性别
    private Date birthday;//生日
    private Date createtime;//创建时间
    private Byte isadmin;//是否为管理员
    private String content;//人员简介
    private Set<Educate> educate=new HashSet<Educate>();
    public Set<Educate> getEducate() {
        return educate;
    }
    public void setEducate(Set<Educate> educate) {
        this.educate = educate;
    }
    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }
    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }
    public Byte getSex() {
        return sex;
    }
    public void setSex(Byte sex) {
        this.sex = sex;
    }
    public Date getBirthday() {
        return birthday;
    }
    public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
        this.birthday = birthday;
    }
    public Date getCreatetime() {
        return createtime;
    }
    public void setCreatetime(Date createtime) {
        this.createtime = createtime;
    }
    public Byte getIsadmin() {
        return isadmin;
    }
    public void setIsadmin(Byte isadmin) {
        this.isadmin = isadmin;
    }
    public String getContent() {
        return content;
    }
    public void setContent(String content) {
        this.content = content;
    }
    public User(Long id, String name, String password, Byte sex, Date birthday,
            Date createtime, Byte isadmin, String content) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.password = password;
        this.sex = sex;
        this.birthday = birthday;
        this.createtime = createtime;
        this.isadmin = isadmin;
        this.content = content;
    }
    public User() {
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", password=" + password
                + ", sex=" + sex + ", birthday=" + birthday + ", createtime="
                + createtime + ", isadmin=" + isadmin + ", content=" + content
                + "]";
    }
    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        final int prime = 31;
        int result = 1;
        result = prime * result + ((id == null) ? 0 : id.hashCode());
        return result;
    }
    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        if (this == obj)
            return true;
        if (obj == null)
            return false;
        if (getClass() != obj.getClass())
            return false;
        User other = (User) obj;
        if (id == null) {
            if (other.id != null)
                return false;
        } else if (!id.equals(other.id))
            return false;
        return true;
    }

}

上述代码中标红的就是一个Set<Educate>集合。

那我在User.hbm.xml文件中配置lazy="false"的时候，就是说明，当我前端或者后台需要加载user对象时，那这个带有对方（Educate类）的集合也会通过第三方表格顺带着把Educate类中的信息一起加载出来，

反之，当lazy="true"的时候就默认lazy延迟加载工程开启，也就是说Set集合中的东西，现在不会给加载出来。

3）cascade属性，我在项目中一般配置  cascade=“all”，这个就代表在级联操作时（保存、删除）会不会级联到关联的一方

总结：基于配置文件的hibernate 多对多就是lazy和inverse属性在起关键作用。

2.hibernate 多对多中的级联保存和删除：

1）保存，保存一般情况下不仅保存自己一方的对象到数据库，还需要顺带着把和另一方的关系也保存到第三方表格，那么这时，如果是自己这方是负责维护第三方表格的，那么当编辑自己对象的信息时（将集合中塞入对方对象到集合中，代表与对方的关系），在执行hibernate的session的saveOrupdate（）方法时，不仅保存自己对象到数据库中，同时也会把维护关系保存到第三方表格中，如果自己这方没有负责维护第三方表格，那么即便自己这方的Set集合中添加了对方对象的信息，当执行hibernate的session的  saveorUpdate()方法时，只能是把自己的信息保存到自己对应的数据库中，与对方的关系（通过set集合中的信息进行设置，通过第三方的数据表格体现）的第三方表格，没有发生更新，也就是说没有达到想要的结果。

现在举例说明一下：

User类（如上）和User.hbm.xml文件：

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
    <class name="com.ssh.entities.User" table="user">
        <id column="id" name="id" type="java.lang.Long">
            <generator class="native"></generator>
        </id>
        <property name="name" length="50" type="java.lang.String"/>
        <property name="password" length="50" type="java.lang.String"/>
        <property name="sex" length="4" type="java.lang.Byte"/>
        <property name="birthday" length="23" type="java.util.Date"/>
        <property name="createtime" length="23"  type="java.util.Date"/>
        <property name="isadmin" length="4" type="java.lang.Byte"/>
        <property name="content" length="2000" type="java.lang.String"/>
        <set name="educate" table="user_educate" lazy="false" cascade="all" inverse="false">
            <key column="user_id"></key>
            <many-to-many class="com.ssh.entities.Educate" column="educate_id"></many-to-many>
        </set>
    </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

Educate类和Educate.hbm.xml

package com.ssh.entities;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

public class Educate {
    private Long id;//培训标号
    private String name;//培训名称
    private String purpose;//培训目的
    private Date begintime;//培训开始时间
    private Date endtime;//培训结束时间
    private String datum;//培训材料
    private String teacher;//培训讲师
    private String student;//培训人员
    private Date createtime;//创建时间
    private Byte educate;//培训是否完成
    private String effect;//培训效果
    private String summarize;//培训总结
    private Set<User> user=new HashSet<User>();

    public Set<User> getUser() {
        return user;
    }
    public void setUser(Set<User> user) {
        this.user = user;
    }
    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public String getPurpose() {
        return purpose;
    }
    public void setPurpose(String purpose) {
        this.purpose = purpose;
    }
    public Date getBegintime() {
        return begintime;
    }
    public void setBegintime(Date begintime) {
        this.begintime = begintime;
    }
    public Date getEndtime() {
        return endtime;
    }
    public void setEndtime(Date endtime) {
        this.endtime = endtime;
    }
    public String getDatum() {
        return datum;
    }
    public void setDatum(String datum) {
        this.datum = datum;
    }
    public String getTeacher() {
        return teacher;
    }
    public void setTeacher(String teacher) {
        this.teacher = teacher;
    }
    public String getStudent() {
        return student;
    }
    public void setStudent(String student) {
        this.student = student;
    }
    public Date getCreatetime() {
        return createtime;
    }
    public void setCreatetime(Date createtime) {
        this.createtime = createtime;
    }
    public Byte getEducate() {
        return educate;
    }
    public void setEducate(Byte educate) {
        this.educate = educate;
    }
    public String getEffect() {
        return effect;
    }
    public void setEffect(String effect) {
        this.effect = effect;
    }
    public String getSummarize() {
        return summarize;
    }
    public void setSummarize(String summarize) {
        this.summarize = summarize;
    }
    public Educate(Long id, String name, String purpose, Date begintime,
            Date endtime, String datum, String teacher, String student,
            Date createtime, Byte educate, String effect, String summarize) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.purpose = purpose;
        this.begintime = begintime;
        this.endtime = endtime;
        this.datum = datum;
        this.teacher = teacher;
        this.student = student;
        this.createtime = createtime;
        this.educate = educate;
        this.effect = effect;
        this.summarize = summarize;
    }
    public Educate() {
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Educate [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", purpose=" + purpose
                + ", begintime=" + begintime + ", endtime=" + endtime
                + ", datum=" + datum + ", teacher=" + teacher + ", student="
                + student + ", createtime=" + createtime + ", educate="
                + educate + ", effect=" + effect + ", summarize=" + summarize
                + "]";
    }
    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        final int prime = 31;
        int result = 1;
        result = prime * result + ((id == null) ? 0 : id.hashCode());
        return result;
    }
    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        if (this == obj)
            return true;
        if (obj == null)
            return false;
        if (getClass() != obj.getClass())
            return false;
        Educate other = (Educate) obj;
        if (id == null) {
            if (other.id != null)
                return false;
        } else if (!id.equals(other.id))
            return false;
        return true;
    }

}

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>
    <class name="com.ssh.entities.Educate" table="educate">
        <id column="id" name="id" type="java.lang.Long">
            <generator class="native"></generator>
        </id>
        <property name="name" length="100" type="java.lang.String"></property>
        <property name="purpose" length="500" type="java.lang.String"/>
        <property name="begintime" length="23" type="java.util.Date"/>
        <property name="endtime" length="23" type="java.util.Date"/>
        <property name="datum" length="2000" type="java.lang.String"/>
        <property name="teacher" length="50" type="java.lang.String"/>
        <property name="student" length="50" type="java.lang.String"/>
        <property name="createtime" length="23" type="java.util.Date"/>
        <property name="effect" length="500" type="java.lang.String"/>
        <property name="educate" length="1" type="java.lang.Byte"/>
        <property name="summarize" length="2000" type="java.lang.String"/>
        <set name="user" table="user_educate" lazy="true" cascade="all" inverse="true">
            <key column="educate_id"></key>
            <many-to-many class="com.ssh.entities.User" column="user_id"></many-to-many>
        </set>
    </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

后台控制的java代码（保存和另一方关系的代码）：

public String insertcourse(){
		String[] para=request.getParameterValues("edupara");
		String userid=request.getParameter("userid");

		if(para.length>0){
 			User us=userService.getUser(Long.parseLong(userid));
			Set<Educate> edus=new HashSet<Educate>();
			edus=us.getEducate();
			for(String str: para ){
				Educate	educate=educateService.getForEdu(Long.parseLong(str));
			/*	Set users=new HashSet<User>();
				users=educate.getUser();
				System.out.println(users.size());
				users.add(us);
				System.out.println(users.size());
				educate.setUser(users);

				educateService.saveorUpdate(educate);
			*/
				edus.add(educate);
			}
			us.setEducate(edus);
			userService.saveOrUpdate(us);
		}
		return "insertcourse";

　　2）删除级联的注意事项：

(1)如果不是User维持关联关系：

——若连接表user_educate中有参照user表中该记录的记录（即在user_educate表中存在user_id的记录）时，则删除失败。

——若连接表user_educate中没有参照user表中该记录的记录时，则可以成功地将该记录删除。

(2)如果是User维持关联关系：

——先将连接表user_educate中参照user表中该记录的记录删除，然后将该学生记录从user表中删除

最后附上后台处理的完整代码：

UserAction.java

package com.ssh.action;

import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletRequestAware;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import com.ssh.entities.Educate;
import com.ssh.entities.User;
import com.ssh.service.EducateService;
import com.ssh.service.UserService;

public class HumanAction extends ActionSupport implements ServletRequestAware{

    /**
     * @author zhangshitong
     */
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    private String username;
    private String password;

    private UserService userService;

    private InputStream inputStream;

    private HttpServletRequest request;

    private Long id;

    private List<Educate> eduList;

    private List<User> userList;

    private EducateService educateService;

    private User userForEdit;

    public void setEducateService(EducateService educateService) {
        this.educateService = educateService;
    }

    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    private User user;
    public void setUser(User user) {
        this.user = user;
    }
    public User getUser() {
        return user;
    }
    public InputStream getInputStream() {
        return inputStream;
    }

    public void setUserService(UserService userService) {
        this.userService = userService;
    }

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    public String adduser(){
        user.setCreatetime(new Date());
        //user.setId(null);
        System.out.println(user);
        userService.saveOrUpdate(user);
        user = null;
        return "add";
    }

    public String list(){
        System.out.println(userService.getForList());
        request.setAttribute("user", userService.getForList());
        return "list";
    }

    public String select(){
        User usertemp=userService.getUser(id);
        this.userForEdit=usertemp;
        request.setAttribute("signalUser", usertemp);
        return "edit";
    }

    public String delete(){
        userService.deleteUser(id);
        try {
            inputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream("1".getBytes("UTF-8"));
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            try {
                inputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream("0".getBytes("UTF-8"));
            } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e1.printStackTrace();
            }
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return "ajax-success";
    }

    public String modify(){
        user.setEducate(userForEdit.getEducate());
        user.setCreatetime(new Date());
        System.out.println(user);
        userService.saveOrUpdate(user);
        return "modified";
    }

    public String login(){
        User user=userService.validName(username);

        if(user==null){
            try {
                inputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream("3".getBytes("UTF-8"));
            } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }else{
        if(user.getPassword().equals(password)){
        try {request.getSession().setAttribute("user", user);
            inputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream("1".getBytes("UTF-8"));
            //ctx.getSession().put("user", user);
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        }else{
            try {
                inputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream("0".getBytes("UTF-8"));
            } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        }

        return "ajax-success";
    }

    public String userselecteducate(){
        System.out.println("这是查看员工选择课程时员工的id值："+id);
        Set eduSet=userService.getEducateInUser(id);
        //System.out.println(eduSet);
        List<Educate> eduList=new ArrayList<Educate>();
        Iterator it=eduSet.iterator();
        while(it.hasNext()){
            Educate eduTemp=(Educate) it.next();
            eduList.add(eduTemp);
        }
        request.setAttribute("edu", eduList);
        request.setAttribute("name", username);
        request.setAttribute("id", id);
        return "userselecteducate";
    }

    public String insertcourse(){
        String[] para=request.getParameterValues("edupara");
        String userid=request.getParameter("userid");

        if(para.length>0){
             User us=userService.getUser(Long.parseLong(userid));
            Set<Educate> edus=new HashSet<Educate>();
            edus=us.getEducate();
            for(String str: para ){
                Educate    educate=educateService.getForEdu(Long.parseLong(str));
            /*    Set users=new HashSet<User>();
                users=educate.getUser();
                System.out.println(users.size());
                users.add(us);
                System.out.println(users.size());
                educate.setUser(users);

                educateService.saveorUpdate(educate);
            */
                edus.add(educate);
            }
            us.setEducate(edus);
            userService.saveOrUpdate(us);
        }
        return "insertcourse";
    }

    public String deletecourse(){
        String userid=request.getParameter("userid");
        User us=userService.getUser(Long.parseLong(userid));
        Educate edu=educateService.getForEdu(id);
        //edu.getUser().remove(us);
        Set<Educate> educates=new HashSet<Educate>();
        educates=us.getEducate();
        educates.remove(edu);
        us.setEducate(educates);
        userService.saveOrUpdate(us);
        try {
            inputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream("1".getBytes("UTF-8"));
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            try {
                inputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream("0".getBytes("UTF-8"));
            } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e1.printStackTrace();
            }
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return "ajax-success";
    }
    @Override
    public void setServletRequest(HttpServletRequest arg0) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        this.request=arg0;
    }
}

EducateAction类：

package com.ssh.action;

import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletRequestAware;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import com.ssh.entities.Educate;
import com.ssh.entities.User;
import com.ssh.service.EducateService;
import com.ssh.service.UserService;

public class EducateAction extends ActionSupport implements ServletRequestAware{

    /**
     * @author Administrator zhangshitong
     */
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    private Educate educate;

    private EducateService educateService;

    private HttpServletRequest request;

    private InputStream inputStream;

    private Long id;

    private UserService userService;

    public void setUserService(UserService userService) {
        this.userService = userService;
    }

    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public InputStream getInputStream() {
        return inputStream;
    }
    public void setEducateService(EducateService educateService) {
        this.educateService = educateService;
    }

    public Educate getEducate() {
        return educate;
    }

    public void setEducate(Educate educate) {
        this.educate = educate;
    }

    public String addeducate(){
        educate.setCreatetime(new Date());
        System.out.println(educate);
        educateService.saveorUpdate(educate);
        return "addeducate";
    }

    public String listeducate(){
        List<Educate> list=educateService.getForList();
        request.setAttribute("educate", list);
        return "listeducate";
    }

    public String delete(){
        System.out.println("this is id's value:"+id);
        //Set<User> users=new HashSet<User>();
        //users=null;
        List<User> userList=userService.getForList();
        Educate edu=educateService.getForEdu(id);
        Iterator<User> it=userList.iterator();
        while(it.hasNext()){
            User userListMember=it.next();
            Set<Educate> setEducate=userListMember.getEducate();
            if(setEducate.contains(edu)){
                setEducate.remove(edu);
            }
            userService.saveOrUpdate(userListMember);
        }
        //edu.setUser(users);
        //educateService.saveorUpdate(edu);
          educateService.delete(id);
        //educateService.deleteCascade(edu);
        try {
            inputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream("1".getBytes("UTF-8"));
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            try {
                inputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream("0".getBytes("UTF-8"));
            } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e1.printStackTrace();
            }
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return "ajax-success";
    }

    public String addcourse(){
        List<Educate> list=educateService.getForList();
        request.setAttribute("educate", list);
        request.setAttribute("userid", id);
        return "addcourse";
    }
    @Override
    public void setServletRequest(HttpServletRequest arg0) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        this.request=arg0;
    }

}

spring的application配置文件（事务管理）：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd">
    <!-- 导入资源文件 -->
        <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:db.properties"/>

    <!-- 配置 C3P0 数据源 -->
        <bean name="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
            <property name="user" value="${jdbc.user}"></property>
            <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"></property>
            <property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driverClass}"></property>
            <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.jdbcUrl}"></property>
            <property name="initialPoolSize" value="${jdbc.initPoolSize}"></property>
            <property name="maxPoolSize" value="${jdbc.maxPoolSize}"></property>
        </bean>

    <!-- 配置 SessionFactory -->
        <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
            <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
            <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"></property>
            <property name="mappingLocations" value="classpath:com/ssh/entities/*.hbm.xml"></property>
            <property name="hibernateProperties">
                <props>
                      <prop key="hibernate.current_session_context_class">org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.SpringSessionContext</prop>
                </props>
            </property>
        </bean>
    <!-- 配置 Spring 的声明式事务 -->

      <!-- 1. 配置 hibernate 的事务管理器 -->
        <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.HibernateTransactionManager">
            <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"></property>
        </bean>
      <!-- 2. 配置事务属性 -->
        <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
            <tx:attributes>
                <tx:method name="get*" read-only="true"/>
                <tx:method name="*"/>
            </tx:attributes>
        </tx:advice>
      <!-- 3. 配置事务切入点, 再把事务属性和事务切入点关联起来 -->
          <aop:config>
              <aop:pointcut expression="execution(* com.ssh.dao.*.*(..))" id="txPointcut"/>
              <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="txPointcut"/>
          </aop:config>
</beans>

web.xml配置的过滤器：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:applicationContext*.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>
    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

    <filter>
        <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>

    <filter>
        <filter-name>hibernateFilter</filter-name>
        <filter-class>org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter</filter-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>sessionFactoryBeanName</param-name>
            <param-value>sessionFactory</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>singleSession</param-name>
            <param-value>true</param-value>
        </init-param>
    </filter>
    <filter-mapping>
        <filter-name>hibernateFilter</filter-name>
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
    </filter-mapping>
</web-app>