使用Redis+自定义注解实现接口防刷

　　最近开发了一个功能，需要发送短信验证码鉴权，考虑到短信服务需要收费，因此对此接口做了防刷处理，实现方式主要是Redis+自定义注解（需要导入Redis的相关依赖，完成Redis的相关配置，gs代码，这里不做展示）。

　　首先定义注解AccessFrequencyLimiter,注解包含四个参数，限制一段时间内同一IP地址最多访问接口次数，以及报错信息和报错之后再次可以访问接口的时间间隔。

@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface AccessFrequencyLimiter {
 
    /**
     * 从第一次访问接口的时间到cycle周期时间内，无法超过frequency次
     */
    int frequency() default 5;
 
    /**
     * 周期时间,单位ms：
     * 默认周期时间为一分钟
     */
    long cycle() default 60 * 1000;
 
    /**
     * 返回的错误信息
     */
    String message() default "操作过于频繁，请稍后再试";
 
    /**
     * key到期时间,单位s：
     * 如果在cycle周期时间内超过frequency次，则默认5分钟内无法继续访问
     */
    long expireTime() default 5 * 60;
}

　　利用AOP，实现防刷逻辑。具体代码如下，通过Redis保存某个IP首次访问接口的时间，和访问次数，然后在限制时间内对访问次数进行累加，超过最大次数则抛出操作太频繁的异常，需要等待Redis的key过期之后才能再次访问该接口，达到接口防刷的效果。

@Aspect
@Component
public class AccessFrequencyLimitingAspect {
    private static final String LIMITING_KEY = "limiting:%s:%s";
    private static final String LIMITING_BEGINTIME = "beginTime";
    private static final String LIMITING_EXFREQUENCY = "exFrequency";
 
    @Autowired
    private RedisTemplate redisTemplate;
 
    @Pointcut("@annotation(accessFrequencyLimiter)")
    public void pointcut(AccessFrequencyLimiter accessFrequencyLimiter) {
    }
 
    @Around("pointcut(accessFrequencyLimiter)")
    public Object around(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp, AccessFrequencyLimiter accessFrequencyLimiter) throws Throwable {
        //获取请求的ip和方法
        String ipAddress = WebUtil.getIpAddress();
        String methodName = pjp.getSignature().toLongString();
 
        //获取redis中周期内第一次访问方法的时间和已访问过接口的次数
        Long beginTimeLong = (Long) redisTemplate.opsForHash().get(String.format(LIMITING_KEY, ipAddress, methodName), LIMITING_BEGINTIME);
        Integer exFrequencyLong = (Integer) redisTemplate.opsForHash().get(String.format(LIMITING_KEY, ipAddress, methodName), LIMITING_EXFREQUENCY);
        long beginTime = beginTimeLong == null ? 0L : beginTimeLong;
        int exFrequency = exFrequencyLong == null ? 0 : exFrequencyLong;
 
        //当两次访问时间差超过限制时间时，记录最新访问时间作为一个访问周期内的首次访问时间，并设置访问次数为1
        if (System.currentTimeMillis() - beginTime > accessFrequencyLimiter.cycle()) {
            redisTemplate.opsForHash().put(String.format(LIMITING_KEY, ipAddress, methodName), LIMITING_BEGINTIME, System.currentTimeMillis());
            redisTemplate.opsForHash().put(String.format(LIMITING_KEY, ipAddress, methodName), LIMITING_EXFREQUENCY, 1);
            //设置key的过期时间
            redisTemplate.expire(String.format(LIMITING_KEY, ipAddress, methodName), accessFrequencyLimiter.expireTime(), TimeUnit.SECONDS);
            return pjp.proceed();
        } else {
            //如果该次访问与首次访问时间差在限制时间段内，则访问次数+1，并刷新key的过期时间
            if (exFrequency < accessFrequencyLimiter.frequency()) {
                redisTemplate.opsForHash().put(String.format(LIMITING_KEY, ipAddress, methodName), LIMITING_EXFREQUENCY, exFrequency + 1);
                redisTemplate.expire(String.format(LIMITING_KEY, ipAddress, methodName), accessFrequencyLimiter.expireTime(), TimeUnit.SECONDS);
                return pjp.proceed();
            } else {
                //限制时间内访问次数超过最大可访问次数，抛出异常
                throw new ServiceException(accessFrequencyLimiter.message());
            }
        }
    }
}

　　获取访问接口的IP地址，工具类WebUtil代码如下：

public class WebUtil {
 
    private static final String UNKNOWN = "unknown";
 
    //获取request
    public static HttpServletRequest getRequest() {
        return ((ServletRequestAttributes) RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes()).getRequest();
    }
 
    //获取response
    public static HttpServletResponse getResponse() {
        return ((ServletRequestAttributes) RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes()).getResponse();
    }
 
    public static String getIpAddress() {
        HttpServletRequest request = getRequest();
        String ip = request.getHeader("x-forwarded-for");
        if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || UNKNOWN.equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
            ip = request.getHeader("Proxy-Client-IP");
        }
 
        if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || UNKNOWN.equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
            ip = request.getHeader("WL-Proxy-Client-IP");
        }
 
        if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || UNKNOWN.equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
            ip = request.getRemoteAddr();
        }
 
        if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || UNKNOWN.equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
            ip = request.getHeader("HTTP_CLIENT_IP");
        }
 
        if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || UNKNOWN.equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
            ip = request.getHeader("X-Real-IP");
        }
 
        if (ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || UNKNOWN.equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
            ip = request.getHeader("HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR");
        }
 
        String regex = ",";
        if (ip != null && ip.indexOf(regex) > 0) {
            ip = ip.split(regex)[0];
        }
 
        return "0:0:0:0:0:0:0:1".equals(ip) ? "127.0.0.1" : ip;
    }
 
}

　　在接口上添加该注解进行测试，自定义接口限制时间内访问次数，以及报错信息等参数，代码如下：

    @AccessFrequencyLimiter(frequency = 3, cycle = 5 * 60 * 1000, message = "操作过于频繁，请五分钟之后再试")
    @ApiOperation("发送验证码,同一个ip五分钟内最多只能发送三次验证码，超过次数即提示“操作过于频繁，请五分钟之后再试")
    @GetMapping("insurance_policy/unbind_verification_code")
    Response<Boolean> sendUnbindVerificationCode(@RequestParam(name = "mcard_no") String mcardNo) {return Response.success;}

　　测试结果如下：