coTurn 运行在Windows平台的方法及服务与客户端运行交互流程和原理

coTurn是一个开源的STUN和TURN及ICE服务项目，只是不支持Windows。
为了在window平台上使用coTurn源码，需要在windows平台下安装Cygwin环境，并编译coTurn源码，使其可以运行在windows平台上。

步骤：

1、安装Cygwin，地址：https://cygwin.com/install.html，按照其说明进行安装。参照说明地址：https://cygwin.com/cygwin-ug-net/cygwin-ug-net.html

　安装过程中选择的镜像源地址，为了更加快速，使用http://mirrors.163.com/cygwin/

2、下载coTurn源码。目前Release最新版本的地址为：https://codeload.github.com/coturn/coturn/zip/4.5.0.4

3、编译:

XII. MS Windows and Cygwin support

Currently, this project cannot be compiled under MS Windows.

As the project is using fairly straightforward *NIX API, it is supported
under Cygwin environment in MS Windows.

One note for Cygwin users: we recommended libevent2 installation from the cygwin
"ports" site: http://sourceware.org/cygwinports/ . You will have to install
libevent2 runtime and libevent-devel packages. "Manual" libevent2 compilation
and installation in Cygwin is not recommended and does not garantee a good
outcome.

编译过程简单记录：

①生成Makefile文件

CC=gcc ./configure

 Dev@Dev-PC /bin/coturn-4.5.0.4

 $ CC=gcc ./configure

 install 是 /usr/bin/install

 pkill 是 /usr/bin/pkill

 sqlite3 是 /usr/bin/sqlite3

 Use TMP dir /var/tmp

 Compiler: gcc

 Library option -lsocket cannot be used

 CYGWIN ?

 Library option -lwldap64 cannot be used

 Library option -lnsl cannot be used

 Sockets code is fine: no sin_len field present

 Ignore IP_RECVERR

 Crypto SSL lib found.

 SSL lib found.

 Libevent2 development found.

 Libevent2 runtime found.

 Libevent2 runtime 'extra' found.

 Libevent2 openssl found.

 Libevent2 pthreads found.

 SQLite library found.

 SQLite development found.

 PostgreSQL found.

 MySQL found.

 MONGODB DEVELOPMENT LIBRARIES (libmongoc-1.0 and libbson-1.0) AND/OR HEADER (mongoc.h)

         ARE NOT INSTALLED PROPERLY ON THIS SYSTEM.

         THAT'S OK BUT THE TURN SERVER IS BUILDING WITHOUT MONGODB SUPPORT.

 HIREDIS DEVELOPMENT LIBRARY (libhiredis.*) AND/OR HEADERS (hiredis/*.h)

         ARE NOT INSTALLED PROPERLY ON THIS SYSTEM.

         THAT'S OK BUT THE TURN SERVER IS BUILDING WITHOUT REDIS SUPPORT.

 PREFIX=/usr/local LOCALSTATEDIR=/usr/local/var OSLIBS= -L/usr/local/lib/ -L/usr/local/lib/ -lrt -lwldap32 -lintl -lresolv -lcrypto -lssl -levent_core -levent_extra -levent_openssl -levent_pthreads -lsqlite3  -Wl,-rpath,/usr/local/lib/ -Wl,-rpath,/usr/local/lib/ -Wl,-rpath,/usr/lib/postgresql -Wl,-rpath,/usr/lib/mysql -Wl,-rpath,/usr/local/lib DBLIBS= -lsqlite3  -L/usr/local/lib/ -L/usr/local/lib/ -lrt -lwldap32 -lintl -lresolv -lcrypto -lssl -levent_core -levent_extra -levent_openssl -levent_pthreads -lsqlite3  -L/usr/lib/postgresql -lpq  -L/usr/local/lib/ -L/usr/local/lib/ -lrt -lwldap32 -lintl -lresolv -lcrypto -lssl -levent_core -levent_extra -levent_openssl -levent_pthreads -lsqlite3  -L/usr/lib/mysql -lmysqlclient OSCFLAGS=-g  -Wall -Wno-deprecated-declarations -Wextra -Wformat-security -Wnested-externs -Wstrict-prototypes  -Wmissing-prototypes -Wpointer-arith -Wcast-qual -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/local/include/ -I/usr/local/include  -DTURN_HAS_DAEMON       -DINSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local -DTURNDB=/usr/local/var/db/turndb DBCFLAGS= -I/usr/local/pgsql/include -I/usr/local/include/pgsql/ -I/usr/local/include/postgres/ -I/usr/local/postgres/include/ -I/usr/local/include/postgresql/ -I/usr/local/postgresql/include/ -I/usr/local/pgsql/include -I/usr/local/include/pgsql/ -I/usr/local/include/postgres/ -I/usr/local/postgres/include/ -I/usr/local/include/postgresql/ -I/usr/local/postgresql/include/ -I/usr/pgsql/include -I/usr/include/pgsql/ -I/usr/include/postgres/ -I/usr/postgres/include/ -I/usr/include/postgresql/ -I/usr/postgresql/include/ -I/usr/local/mysql/include -I/usr/local/include/mysql/ -I/usr/local/mysql/include -I/usr/local/include/mysql/ -I/usr/mysql/include -I/usr/include/mysql/

 Makefile created: success.

②编译make

Dev@Dev-PC /bin/coturn-4.5.0.4

$ make

mkdir -p build/obj

gcc  -g  -Wall -Wno-deprecated-declarations -Wextra -Wformat-security -Wnested-externs -Wstrict-prototypes  -Wmissing-prototypes -Wpointer-arith -Wcast-qual -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/local/include/ -I/usr/local/include  -DTURN_HAS_DAEMON       -DINSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local -DTURNDB=/usr/local/var/db/turndb -Isrc -Isrc/apps/common -Isrc/server -Isrc/client -Isrc/client++ -I/usr/local/include/ -I/usr/local/include/  -c src/client/ns_turn_ioaddr.c -o build/obj/ns_turn_ioaddr.o

mkdir -p build/obj

gcc  -g  -Wall -Wno-deprecated-declarations -Wextra -Wformat-security -Wnested-externs -Wstrict-prototypes  -Wmissing-prototypes -Wpointer-arith -Wcast-qual -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/local/include/ -I/usr/local/include  -DTURN_HAS_DAEMON       -DINSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local -DTURNDB=/usr/local/var/db/turndb -Isrc -Isrc/apps/common -Isrc/server -Isrc/client -Isrc/client++ -I/usr/local/include/ -I/usr/local/include/  -c src/client/ns_turn_msg_addr.c -o build/obj/ns_turn_msg_addr.o

mkdir -p build/obj

gcc  -g  -Wall -Wno-deprecated-declarations -Wextra -Wformat-security -Wnested-externs -Wstrict-prototypes  -Wmissing-prototypes -Wpointer-arith -Wcast-qual -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/local/include/ -I/usr/local/include  -DTURN_HAS_DAEMON       -DINSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local -DTURNDB=/usr/local/var/db/turndb -Isrc -Isrc/apps/common -Isrc/server -Isrc/client -Isrc/client++ -I/usr/local/include/ -I/usr/local/include/  -c src/client/ns_turn_msg.c -o build/obj/ns_turn_msg.o

mkdir -p lib

ar -r lib/libturnclient.a build/obj/ns_turn_ioaddr.o build/obj/ns_turn_msg_addr.o build/obj/ns_turn_msg.o

ar: 正在创建 lib/libturnclient.a

pwd

/bin/coturn-4.5.0.4

mkdir -p bin

gcc  -g  -Wall -Wno-deprecated-declarations -Wextra -Wformat-security -Wnested-externs -Wstrict-prototypes  -Wmissing-prototypes -Wpointer-arith -Wcast-qual -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/local/include/ -I/usr/local/include  -DTURN_HAS_DAEMON       -DINSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local -DTURNDB=/usr/local/var/db/turndb -Isrc -Isrc/apps/common -Isrc/server -Isrc/client -Isrc/client++ -I/usr/local/include/ -I/usr/local/include/  src/apps/stunclient/stunclient.c src/apps/common/apputils.c src/apps/common/ns_turn_utils.c src/apps/common/stun_buffer.c -o bin/turnutils_stunclient -Llib -lturnclient -Llib -L/usr/local/lib/ -L/usr/local/lib/ -lrt -lwldap32 -lintl -lresolv -lcrypto -lssl -levent_core -levent_extra -levent_openssl -levent_pthreads -lsqlite3  -Wl,-rpath,/usr/local/lib/ -Wl,-rpath,/usr/local/lib/ -Wl,-rpath,/usr/lib/postgresql -Wl,-rpath,/usr/lib/mysql -Wl,-rpath,/usr/local/lib

pwd

/bin/coturn-4.5.0.4

mkdir -p bin

gcc  -g  -Wall -Wno-deprecated-declarations -Wextra -Wformat-security -Wnested-externs -Wstrict-prototypes  -Wmissing-prototypes -Wpointer-arith -Wcast-qual -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/local/include/ -I/usr/local/include  -DTURN_HAS_DAEMON       -DINSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local -DTURNDB=/usr/local/var/db/turndb -Isrc -Isrc/apps/common -Isrc/server -Isrc/client -Isrc/client++ -I/usr/local/include/ -I/usr/local/include/  src/apps/rfc5769/rfc5769check.c src/apps/common/apputils.c src/apps/common/ns_turn_utils.c src/apps/common/stun_buffer.c -o bin/turnutils_rfc5769check -Llib -lturnclient -Llib -L/usr/local/lib/ -L/usr/local/lib/ -lrt -lwldap32 -lintl -lresolv -lcrypto -lssl -levent_core -levent_extra -levent_openssl -levent_pthreads -lsqlite3  -Wl,-rpath,/usr/local/lib/ -Wl,-rpath,/usr/local/lib/ -Wl,-rpath,/usr/lib/postgresql -Wl,-rpath,/usr/lib/mysql -Wl,-rpath,/usr/local/lib

mkdir -p bin

gcc  -g  -Wall -Wno-deprecated-declarations -Wextra -Wformat-security -Wnested-externs -Wstrict-prototypes  -Wmissing-prototypes -Wpointer-arith -Wcast-qual -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/local/include/ -I/usr/local/include  -DTURN_HAS_DAEMON       -DINSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local -DTURNDB=/usr/local/var/db/turndb -Isrc -Isrc/apps/common -Isrc/server -Isrc/client -Isrc/client++ -I/usr/local/include/ -I/usr/local/include/  src/apps/uclient/uclient.c src/apps/uclient/startuclient.c src/apps/uclient/mainuclient.c src/apps/common/apputils.c src/apps/common/ns_turn_utils.c src/apps/common/stun_buffer.c -o bin/turnutils_uclient -Llib -lturnclient -Llib -L/usr/local/lib/ -L/usr/local/lib/ -lrt -lwldap32 -lintl -lresolv -lcrypto -lssl -levent_core -levent_extra -levent_openssl -levent_pthreads -lsqlite3  -Wl,-rpath,/usr/local/lib/ -Wl,-rpath,/usr/local/lib/ -Wl,-rpath,/usr/lib/postgresql -Wl,-rpath,/usr/lib/mysql -Wl,-rpath,/usr/local/lib

mkdir -p bin

rm -rf bin/turnadmin

gcc  -g  -Wall -Wno-deprecated-declarations -Wextra -Wformat-security -Wnested-externs -Wstrict-prototypes  -Wmissing-prototypes -Wpointer-arith -Wcast-qual -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/local/include/ -I/usr/local/include  -DTURN_HAS_DAEMON       -DINSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local -DTURNDB=/usr/local/var/db/turndb -Isrc -Isrc/apps/common -Isrc/server -Isrc/client -Isrc/client++ -I/usr/local/include/ -I/usr/local/include/  -I/usr/local/pgsql/include -I/usr/local/include/pgsql/ -I/usr/local/include/postgres/ -I/usr/local/postgres/include/ -I/usr/local/include/postgresql/ -I/usr/local/postgresql/include/ -I/usr/local/pgsql/include -I/usr/local/include/pgsql/ -I/usr/local/include/postgres/ -I/usr/local/postgres/include/ -I/usr/local/include/postgresql/ -I/usr/local/postgresql/include/ -I/usr/pgsql/include -I/usr/include/pgsql/ -I/usr/include/postgres/ -I/usr/postgres/include/ -I/usr/include/postgresql/ -I/usr/postgresql/include/ -I/usr/local/mysql/include -I/usr/local/include/mysql/ -I/usr/local/mysql/include -I/usr/local/include/mysql/ -I/usr/mysql/include -I/usr/include/mysql/    -DTURN_NO_MONGO -DTURN_NO_HIREDIS src/apps/relay/ns_ioalib_engine_impl.c src/apps/relay/turn_ports.c src/apps/relay/http_server.c -Ilib src/apps/relay/mainrelay.c src/apps/relay/netengine.c src/apps/relay/libtelnet.c src/apps/relay/turn_admin_server.c src/apps/relay/userdb.c src/apps/relay/tls_listener.c src/apps/relay/dtls_listener.c src/apps/common/hiredis_libevent2.c src/apps/relay/dbdrivers/dbdriver.c src/apps/relay/dbdrivers/dbd_sqlite.c src/apps/relay/dbdrivers/dbd_pgsql.c src/apps/relay/dbdrivers/dbd_mysql.c src/apps/relay/dbdrivers/dbd_mongo.c src/apps/relay/dbdrivers/dbd_redis.c src/apps/common/apputils.c src/apps/common/ns_turn_utils.c src/apps/common/stun_buffer.c src/client/ns_turn_ioaddr.c src/client/ns_turn_msg_addr.c src/client/ns_turn_msg.c  src/server/ns_turn_allocation.c src/server/ns_turn_maps_rtcp.c src/server/ns_turn_maps.c src/server/ns_turn_server.c -o bin/turnserver -lsqlite3  -L/usr/local/lib/ -L/usr/local/lib/ -lrt -lwldap32 -lintl -lresolv -lcrypto -lssl -levent_core -levent_extra -levent_openssl -levent_pthreads -lsqlite3  -L/usr/lib/postgresql -lpq  -L/usr/local/lib/ -L/usr/local/lib/ -lrt -lwldap32 -lintl -lresolv -lcrypto -lssl -levent_core -levent_extra -levent_openssl -levent_pthreads -lsqlite3  -L/usr/lib/mysql -lmysqlclient -L/usr/local/lib/ -L/usr/local/lib/ -lrt -lwldap32 -lintl -lresolv -lcrypto -lssl -levent_core -levent_extra -levent_openssl -levent_pthreads -lsqlite3  -Wl,-rpath,/usr/local/lib/ -Wl,-rpath,/usr/local/lib/ -Wl,-rpath,/usr/lib/postgresql -Wl,-rpath,/usr/lib/mysql -Wl,-rpath,/usr/local/lib

cd bin; ln -s turnserver turnadmin

mkdir -p bin

gcc  -g  -Wall -Wno-deprecated-declarations -Wextra -Wformat-security -Wnested-externs -Wstrict-prototypes  -Wmissing-prototypes -Wpointer-arith -Wcast-qual -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/local/include/ -I/usr/local/include  -DTURN_HAS_DAEMON       -DINSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local -DTURNDB=/usr/local/var/db/turndb -Isrc -Isrc/apps/common -Isrc/server -Isrc/client -Isrc/client++ -I/usr/local/include/ -I/usr/local/include/  src/apps/peer/mainudpserver.c src/apps/peer/udpserver.c src/apps/common/apputils.c src/apps/common/ns_turn_utils.c src/apps/common/stun_buffer.c -o bin/turnutils_peer -Llib -lturnclient -Llib -L/usr/local/lib/ -L/usr/local/lib/ -lrt -lwldap32 -lintl -lresolv -lcrypto -lssl -levent_core -levent_extra -levent_openssl -levent_pthreads -lsqlite3  -Wl,-rpath,/usr/local/lib/ -Wl,-rpath,/usr/local/lib/ -Wl,-rpath,/usr/lib/postgresql -Wl,-rpath,/usr/lib/mysql -Wl,-rpath,/usr/local/lib

rm -rf include

mkdir -p include/turn/client

cp -pf src/client/*.h include/turn/client/

cp -pf src/client++/*.h include/turn/client/

cp -pf src/ns_turn_defs.h include/turn/

install -d sqlite

rm -rf sqlite/turndb

sqlite3 sqlite/turndb < turndb/schema.sql

③make install

 Dev@Dev-PC /bin/coturn-4.5.0.4

 $ make install

 install -d /usr/local

 install -d /usr/local/bin

 install -d /usr/local/var/db

 install -d /usr/local/man/man1

 install -d /usr/local/etc

 install -d /usr/local/lib

 install -d /usr/local/share/examples/turnserver

 install -d /usr/local/share/doc/turnserver

 install -d /usr/local/share/turnserver

 install -d /usr/local/include/turn

 install bin/turnserver /usr/local/bin

 install bin/turnadmin /usr/local/bin

 install bin/turnutils_uclient /usr/local/bin

 install bin/turnutils_peer /usr/local/bin

 install bin/turnutils_stunclient /usr/local/bin

 install man/man1/turnserver. /usr/local/man/man1/

 install man/man1/turnadmin. /usr/local/man/man1/

 install man/man1/turnutils. /usr/local/man/man1/

 install man/man1/turnutils_uclient. /usr/local/man/man1/

 install man/man1/turnutils_stunclient. /usr/local/man/man1/

 install man/man1/turnutils_peer. /usr/local/man/man1/

 install man/man1/coturn. /usr/local/man/man1/

 install lib/libturnclient.a /usr/local/lib

 install LICENSE /usr/local/share/doc/turnserver

 install README.turnserver /usr/local/share/doc/turnserver

 install README.turnadmin /usr/local/share/doc/turnserver

 install README.turnutils /usr/local/share/doc/turnserver

 install INSTALL /usr/local/share/doc/turnserver

 install postinstall.txt /usr/local/share/doc/turnserver

 install turndb/schema.sql /usr/local/share/doc/turnserver

 install turndb/schema.sql /usr/local/share/turnserver

 install turndb/schema.mongo.sh /usr/local/share/doc/turnserver

 install turndb/schema.mongo.sh /usr/local/share/turnserver

 install turndb/testredisdbsetup.sh /usr/local/share/turnserver

 install turndb/testmongosetup.sh /usr/local/share/turnserver

 install turndb/testsqldbsetup.sql /usr/local/share/turnserver

 install turndb/schema.userdb.redis /usr/local/share/doc/turnserver

 install turndb/schema.userdb.redis /usr/local/share/turnserver

 install turndb/schema.stats.redis /usr/local/share/doc/turnserver

 install turndb/schema.stats.redis /usr/local/share/turnserver

 if [ -f sqlite/turndb ] ; then install sqlite/turndb /usr/local/var/db/turndb; fi

 install examples/etc/turnserver.conf /usr/local/etc/turnserver.conf.default

 cp -rpf examples/etc /usr/local/share/examples/turnserver

 cp -rpf examples/scripts /usr/local/share/examples/turnserver

 rm -rf /usr/local/share/examples/turnserver/scripts/rfc5769.sh

 cp -rpf include/turn/client /usr/local/include/turn

 install include/turn/ns_turn_defs.h /usr/local/include/turn

 cat /usr/local/share/doc/turnserver/postinstall.txt

 ==================================================================

 ) If you system supports automatic start-up system daemon services,

 the, to enable the turnserver as an automatically started system

 service, you have to:

         a) Create and edit /etc/turnserver.conf or

         /usr/local/etc/turnserver.conf .

         Use /usr/local/etc/turnserver.conf.default as an example.

         b) For user accounts settings: set up SQLite or PostgreSQL or

         MySQL or MongoDB or Redis database for user accounts.

         Use /usr/local/share/turnserver/schema.sql as SQL database schema,

         or use /usr/local/share/turnserver/schema.userdb.redis as Redis

         database schema description and/or

         /usr/local/share/turnserver/schema.stats.redis

         as Redis status & statistics database schema description.

         If you are using SQLite, the default database location is in

         /var/db/turndb or in /usr/local/var/db/turndb or in /var/lib/turn/turndb.

         c) add whatever is necessary to enable start-up daemon for the

         /usr/local/bin/turnserver.

 ) If you do not want the turnserver to be a system service,

    then you can start/stop it "manually", using the "turnserver"

    executable with appropriate options (see the documentation).

 ) To create database schema, use schema in file

 /usr/local/share/turnserver/schema.sql.

 ) For additional information, run:

    $ man turnserver

    $ man turnadmin

    $ man turnutils

 ==================================================================

下载tar.gz包的编译方法：

 $ tar vfzx coturn-4.5.0.4.tar.gz

 $ cd coturn-4.5.0.4/

 $ ./configure

 Dev@Dev-PC /home/coturn-4.5.0.4

 $ make

 $ make install

4、配置

在bin目录下生成六个可执行文件

turnadmin　　turnutils_peer.exe　　turnutils_stunclient.exe　　turnserver.exe　　turnutils_rfc5769check.exe　　turnutils_uclient.exe

turnserver.exe 就是我们需要的服务器.

turnadmin 用来管理账户.

turnutils_stunclient.exe 用于测试stun服务

turnutils_uclient.exe 用于测试turn服务. 模拟多个UDP,TCP,TLS or DTLS 类型的客户端

example 目录主要是示范如何配置和使用turn. 包含一些测试用例.

example/etc 下是pem证书和conf配置文件

example/var/db 下是sqlite的db库. 用于示范数据库的格式.

coturn 支持三种配置. 命令行, conf文件和数据库.

数据库支持sqlite, mysql, postgresql, MongoDB, redis.目前测试的Cygwin环境下编译的coTurn不支持MongoDB和redis,因为暂时用不到，所以也就没有查找如何才能编译支持到上述数据库

更具体的说明可以看源码目录下的README.turnserver README.turnadmin README.turnutils

examples\scripts 下一些测试用例:

loadbalance 示范如何进行负载均衡. 设置一个master turn server 然后配置若干个slave turn server.

longtermsecure 示范如何使用long-term 验证

longtermsecuredb 与 longtermsecure 类似, 不过是从数据库配置

shorttermsecure 示范如何使用short-term验证.

restapi 示范了web方面的使用.

stun 定义了两种验证方式.

Long-Term Credential

Short-Term Credential

具体可以参考stun标准 http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5389#section-15.4

若用于WebRTC，必须使用long-term

简单配置：

turnserver -o -a -f -v --mobility -m 10 --max-bps=100000 --min-port=32355 --max-port=65535 --user=ling:ling1234 --user=ling2:ling1234 -r demo

-m 10 表示启动十个relay线程.

当TURN Server用于WebRTC时，必须使用long-term credential mechanism, 即指定 -a 或者 --lt-cred-mech

--max-bps=100000 限制最大速度为100KB/s.

添加了两个用户ling 和ling2.

可以直接使用turnutils_uclient -u ling -w ling1234 来测试. turnutils_uclient 有很多参数可以配置的.

webrtc::PeerConnectionInterface::IceServer turnServer;

turnServer.uri = "turn:ip";

turnServer.username = "ling";

turnServer.password = "ling1234";

servers.push_back(turnServer);

c++ webrtc中可以这样配置turn. web/android/ios 也是类似的.

如果从安全性方面考虑. 可以为账户生成key, 这样就可以直接通过key登录. 而不需要提供密码.

key 通过turnadmin生成, 需要(username, password, realm) . realm是启动turn server时-r 参数指定的.

例如这样:

1 2	`turnadmin -k -u ling -p ling1234 -r demo` `0xccba8f3a6a025a38eb4a0e795fc92705`

参考原文：

https://www.webrtc-experiment.com/docs/TURN-server-installation-guide.html#windows

https://www.slideshare.net/amiteshawa/web-rtc-media-stra

其它：

http://www.cppblog.com/tianhongye/archive/2015/01/15/209524.html

http://www.cnblogs.com/lingdhox/p/4209659.html

http://www.ietf.org/proceedings/87/slides/slides-87-behave-10.pdf
TURN REST Server API ，这个PDF 描述了 turn服务器和客户端的交互流程.

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