转://oracle Wallet在expdp/impdp中使用场景

oracle Wallet的使用（即内部加密技术TDE（Transparent Data Encryption ））

1. TDE是Oracle10gR2中推出的一个新功能，使用时要保证Oracle版本是在10gR2或者以上

--查看oracle版本：

select * from v$version;

2、创建一个新目录，并指定为Wallet目录

D:\oracle\product\10.2.0\admin\ora10\ora_wallet

3. 设置wallet目录，在参数文件sqlnet.ora中（window+f,在你安装盘区查找sqlnet.ora），按照下面的格式加入信息：

ENCRYPTION_WALLET_LOCATION=(SOURCE=(METHOD=FILE)

(METHOD_DATA=(DIRECTORY=D:\oracle\product\10.2.0\admin\ora10\ora_wallet)))

4. 创建master key文件，指定wallet密码，使用SYS用户登入系统，建立加密文件

SQL> alter system set encryption key identified by "wallet";

System altered

-- 密码"wallet"不加引号时，后面使用时也不需要用引号

此时在设置的目录下，多出一个Personal Information Exchange类型的文件，相当于我们生成的master key文件。D:\oracle\product\10.2.0\admin\ora10\ora_wallet\ewallet.p12

5、启动、关闭Wallet

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET ENCRYPTION WALLET OPEN IDENTIFIED BY "wallet";

ALTER SYSTEM SET ENCRYPTION WALLET OPEN IDENTIFIED BY "wallet"

ORA-28354: wallet 已经打开

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET ENCRYPTION WALLET CLOSE; --关闭

System altered

SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SET ENCRYPTION WALLET OPEN IDENTIFIED BY "wallet"; --打开

System altered

到此，已经成功配置了Wallet，创建了master key。

使用datapump传输加密表请先确认TDE Encryption wallet状态 2014-10-07 17:30:02

分类： Oracle

这里讨论的是列加密模式，即具有TDE encrypted column的表如何在源库、目标库之间通过expdp、impdp进行传输。前提是源库和目标库上的encryption wallet都必须处于open状态，如果源库或者目标库有任何一侧的wallet没有open，都会引起导入或者导出操作的失败。以下列举了容易引起导入导出失败的一些场景，帮我们更进一步的理解TDE的工作过程。

场景1：导出时源库encryption wallet处于open状态，不对导出的dumpfile文件进行加密；导入时目标库wallet处于open状态

---源库wallet处于open状态下进行导出

alter system set encryption wallet open identified by "tde_1234";

select * from v$encryption_wallet;

WRL_TYPE

--------------------

WRL_PARAMETER

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

STATUS

------------------

file

/oradata06/wallet

OPEN

create table t13 (c1 varchar2(1) encrypt,c2 varchar2(2)) tablespace ts_info_dat_01;

insert into t13 values('A','11');

commit;

expdp scott/abcd_1234 directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t13.dmp tables=t13 logfile=exp_t13.log reuse_dumpfiles=yes

Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t13.dmp tables=t13 logfile=exp_t13.log reuse_dumpfiles=yes

Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 8 MB

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

. . exported "SCOTT"."T13" 5.406 KB 1 rows

ORA-39173: Encrypted data has been stored unencrypted in dump file set.

Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

******************************************************************************

Dump file set for SCOTT.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is:

/oradata01/hisdmp/monthly/t13.dmp

Job "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" completed with 1 error(s) at 16:21:16

scp /oradata01/hisdmp/monthly/t13.dmp oracle@10.10.141.221:/oradata01/hisdmp/monthly/

---目标库wallet处于open状态，成功导入

alter system set encryption wallet open identified by "tde_1234";

select * from v$encryption_wallet;

WRL_TYPE

--------------------

WRL_PARAMETER

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

STATUS

------------------

file

/oradata06/wallet

OPEN

impdp scott/abcd_1234 directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t13.dmp tables=t13 logfile=imp_t13.log

Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t13.dmp tables=t13 logfile=imp_t13.log

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

. . imported "SCOTT"."T13" 5.406 KB 1 rows

Job "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 16:20:47

场景2：导出时源库encryption wallet处于open状态，不对导出的dumpfile文件进行加密；导入时目标库wallet处于close状态

---源库wallet处于open状态下进行导出

步骤同场景1

--目标库wallet处于close状态，导入失败

alter system set encryption wallet close identified by "tde_1234";

select * from v$encryption_wallet;

WRL_TYPE

--------------------

WRL_PARAMETER

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

STATUS

------------------

file

/oradata06/wallet

CLOSED

---ORA-28365因wallet close所以无法创建encrypted column

impdp scott/abcd_1234 directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t13.dmp tables=t13 logfile=imp_t13.log;

Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t13.dmp tables=t13 logfile=imp_t13.log

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

ORA-39083: Object type TABLE:"SCOTT"."T13" failed to create with error:

ORA-28365: wallet is not open

Failing sql is:

CREATE TABLE "SCOTT"."T13" ("C1" VARCHAR2(1 BYTE) ENCRYPT USING 'AES192' 'SHA-1', "C2" VARCHAR2(2 BYTE)) SEGMENT CREATION IMMEDIATE PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255 NOCOMPRESS LOGGING STORAGE(INITIAL 8388608 NEXT 8388608 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645 PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT CELL_FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "TS_

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

Job "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" completed with 1 error(s) at 16:22:17

场景3：导出时源库encryption wallet处于close状态，不对导出的dumpfile文件进行加密；导入时目标库wallet处于open状态

---源库导出时wallet处于close状态

alter system set encryption wallet open identified by "tde_1234";

select * from v$encryption_wallet;

WRL_TYPE

--------------------

WRL_PARAMETER

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

STATUS

------------------

file

/oradata06/wallet

OPEN

create table t14 (c1 varchar2(1) encrypt,c2 varchar2(2)) tablespace ts_info_dat_01;

insert into t14 values('B','22');

commit;

alter system set encryption wallet close identified by "tde_1234";

select * from v$encryption_wallet;

WRL_TYPE

--------------------

WRL_PARAMETER

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

STATUS

------------------

file

/oradata06/wallet

CLOSED

---因为wallet处于close，所以无法对表中加密列的数据进行解密，在接下来导入的时候可以看到仅导入了表结构

expdp scott/abcd_1234 directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t14.dmp tables=t14 logfile=exp_t14.log reuse_dumpfiles=yes;

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t14.dmp tables=t14 logfile=exp_t14.log reuse_dumpfiles=yes

Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 8 MB

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

ORA-31693: Table data object "SCOTT"."T14" failed to load/unload and is being skipped due to error:

ORA-29913: error in executing ODCIEXTTABLEPOPULATE callout

ORA-28365: wallet is not open

ORA-39173: Encrypted data has been stored unencrypted in dump file set.

Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

******************************************************************************

Dump file set for SCOTT.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is:

/oradata01/hisdmp/monthly/t14.dmp

Job "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" completed with 2 error(s) at 16:31:12

scp /oradata01/hisdmp/monthly/t14.dmp oracle@10.10.141.221:/oradata01/hisdmp/monthly/

---目标库导入

alter system set encryption wallet open identified by "tde_1234";

select * from v$encryption_wallet;

WRL_TYPE

--------------------

WRL_PARAMETER

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

STATUS

------------------

file

/oradata06/wallet

OPEN

---导入部分成功，字段维持加密状态

impdp scott/abcd_1234 directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t14.dmp tables=t14 logfile=imp_t14.log

Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t14.dmp tables=t14 logfile=imp_t14.log

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

Job "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 16:32:50

select owner,table_name,column_name from dba_encrypted_columns where table_name='T14';

OWNER TABLE_NAME COLUMN_NAME

------------------------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------

SCOTT T14 C1

---但查询无内容，只把表结构导入了进来，没有任何数据

select * from scott.t14

no rows selected

---检查t14表的加密key并和orapki命令输出的相比较，impdp后表encrypted column自动使用了目标库的masterkey进行加密，证明源和目标库上的masterkey无需保持一致

col object_name format a13

col owner format a13

set linesize 120

select obj#,mkeyid,object_name,owner from enc$,dba_objects where object_id=obj#;

OBJ# MKEYID OBJECT_NAME OWNER

---------- ---------------------------------------------------------------- ------------- -------------

5553580 AZHXajyQJ08Iv5X80kXWLBQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA T14 SCOTT

orapki wallet display -wallet /oradata06/wallet

Requested Certificates:

Subject: CN=oracle

User Certificates:

Oracle Secret Store entries:

ORACLE.SECURITY.DB.ENCRYPTION.AZHXajyQJ08Iv5X80kXWLBQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

ORACLE.SECURITY.DB.ENCRYPTION.MASTERKEY

ORACLE.SECURITY.TS.ENCRYPTION.BS8N9QmwrZrPOcpY6aJPnZYCAwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

Trusted Certificates:

场景4：导出时源库encryption wallet处于close状态，不对导出的dumpfile文件进行加密；导入时目标库wallet处于close状态

---源库导出时wallet处于close状态

导出步骤同场景3,

---目标库导入

alter system set encryption wallet close identified by "tde_1234";

select * from v$encryption_wallet;

WRL_TYPE

--------------------

WRL_PARAMETER

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

STATUS

------------------

file

/oradata06/wallet

CLOSED

drop table scott.t14;

***目标库的encryption wallet close，出现ORA-28353在意料之中

impdp scott/abcd_1234 directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t14.dmp tables=t14 logfile=imp_t14.log

Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t14.dmp tables=t14 logfile=imp_t14.log

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

ORA-39083: Object type TABLE:"SCOTT"."T14" failed to create with error:

ORA-28365: wallet is not open

Failing sql is:

CREATE TABLE "SCOTT"."T14" ("C1" VARCHAR2(1 BYTE) ENCRYPT USING 'AES192' 'SHA-1', "C2" VARCHAR2(2 BYTE)) SEGMENT CREATION IMMEDIATE PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255 NOCOMPRESS LOGGING STORAGE(INITIAL 8388608 NEXT 8388608 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645 PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT CELL_FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "TS_

Job "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" completed with 1 error(s) at 16:37:21

场景5：导出时源库encryption wallet处于open状态，使用ENCRYPTION=ENCRYPTED_COLUMNS_ONLY在dumpfile中对加密列以加密方式存储；导入时目标库wallet处于open状态

---源库导出，wallet处于open状态

alter system set encryption wallet open identified by "tde_1234";

select * from v$encryption_wallet;

WRL_TYPE

--------------------

WRL_PARAMETER

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

STATUS

------------------

file

/oradata06/wallet

OPEN

create table t15 (c1 varchar2(1) encrypt,c2 varchar2(2)) tablespace ts_info_dat_01;

insert into t15 values('C','33');

commit;

---注意这里只能使用password模式，不能使用transparent和dual模式

expdp scott/abcd_1234 directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t15.dmp tables=t15 logfile=exp_t15.log reuse_dumpfiles=yes encryption=ENCRYPTED_COLUMNS_ONLY encryption_password=tde_1234;

Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t15.dmp tables=t15 logfile=exp_t15.log reuse_dumpfiles=yes encryption=ENCRYPTED_COLUMNS_ONLY encryption_password=********

Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 8 MB

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

. . exported "SCOTT"."T15" 5.460 KB 1 rows

Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

******************************************************************************

Dump file set for SCOTT.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is:

/oradata01/hisdmp/monthly/t15.dmp

Job "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 17:27:06

scp /oradata01/hisdmp/monthly/t15.dmp oracle@10.10.141.221:/oradata01/hisdmp/monthly/

---目标库wallet处于open状态，成功导入

alter system set encryption wallet open identified by "tde_1234";

select * from v$encryption_wallet;

WRL_TYPE

--------------------

WRL_PARAMETER

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

STATUS

------------------

file

/oradata06/wallet

OPEN

impdp scott/abcd_1234 directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t15.dmp tables=t15 logfile=imp_t15.log encryption_password=tde_1234

Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t15.dmp tables=t15 logfile=imp_t15.log encryption_password=********

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

. . imported "SCOTT"."T15" 5.460 KB 1 rows

Job "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 17:28:58

场景6：导出时源库encryption wallet处于open状态，使用ENCRYPTION=ENCRYPTED_COLUMNS_ONLY在dumpfile中对加密列以加密方式存储；导入时目标库wallet处于close状态

---源库导出，wallet处于open状态

导出步骤同场景5

---关闭目标库的encryption wallet

alter system set encryption wallet close identified by "tde_1234";

select * from v$encryption_wallet;

WRL_TYPE

--------------------

WRL_PARAMETER

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

STATUS

------------------

file

/oradata06/wallet

CLOSED

---ORA-28365因wallet close所以无法创建encrypted column

impdp scott/abcd_1234 directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t15.dmp tables=t15 logfile=imp_t15.log encryption_password=tde_1234

ORA-39002: invalid operation

ORA-39180: unable to encrypt ENCRYPTION_PASSWORD

ORA-28365: wallet is not open

场景7：导出时源库encryption wallet处于close状态，使用ENCRYPTION=ENCRYPTED_COLUMNS_ONLY在dumpfile中对加密列以加密方式存储；因导出即失败所以无法继续进行导入

---源库导出，导出时wallet处于close状态

alter system set encryption wallet open identified by "tde_1234";

select * from v$encryption_wallet;

WRL_TYPE

--------------------

WRL_PARAMETER

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

STATUS

------------------

file

/oradata06/wallet

OPEN

create table t16 (c1 varchar2(1) encrypt,c2 varchar2(2)) tablespace ts_info_dat_01;

insert into t16 values('C','33');

commit;

alter system set encryption wallet close identified by "tde_1234";

select * from v$encryption_wallet;

WRL_TYPE

--------------------

WRL_PARAMETER

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

STATUS

------------------

file

/oradata06/wallet

CLOSED

---注意这里只能使用password模式，不能使用transparent和dual模式，之所以报错是因为使用password对encrypted column在导出时进行加密之前必须先用masterkey对encrypted列进行解密，对解密的结果再进行加密，而这时wallet close无法获取到masterkey，所以加密过程就无法继续

expdp scott/abcd_1234 directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t16.dmp tables=t16 logfile=exp_t16.log reuse_dumpfiles=yes encryption=ENCRYPTED_COLUMNS_ONLY encryption_password=tde_1234;

ORA-39001: invalid argument value

ORA-39180: unable to encrypt ENCRYPTION_PASSWORD

ORA-28365: wallet is not open

场景8：导出时源库encryption wallet处于open状态，使用ENCRYPTION=ALL在dumpfile中对所有列以加密方式存储，又分别以encryption_mode=transparent和password两种模式生成两个dumpfile；导入时目标库wallet处于open状态，并分别对上述两种模式下导出的dumpfile进行导入

---源库导出，wallet处于open状态

alter system set encryption wallet open identified by "tde_1234";

select * from v$encryption_wallet;

WRL_TYPE

--------------------

WRL_PARAMETER

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

STATUS

------------------

file

/oradata06/wallet

OPEN

create table t17 (c1 varchar2(1) encrypt,c2 varchar2(2)) tablespace ts_info_dat_01;

insert into t17 values('C','33');

commit;

---分别使用transparent和password两种模式进行导出

***transparent模式

expdp scott/abcd_1234 directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t17t.dmp tables=t17 logfile=exp_t17t.log reuse_dumpfiles=yes encryption=all encryption_mode=transparent

Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t17t.dmp tables=t17 logfile=exp_t17t.log reuse_dumpfiles=yes encryption=all encryption_mode=transparent

Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 8 MB

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

. . exported "SCOTT"."T17" 5.414 KB 1 rows

Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

******************************************************************************

Dump file set for SCOTT.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is:

/oradata01/hisdmp/monthly/t17t.dmp

Job "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 21:00:06

***password模式

expdp scott/abcd_1234 directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t17p.dmp tables=t17 logfile=exp_t17p.log reuse_dumpfiles=yes encryption=all encryption_mode=password encryption_password=tde_1234;

Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t17p.dmp tables=t17 logfile=exp_t17p.log reuse_dumpfiles=yes encryption=all encryption_mode=password encryption_password=********

Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 8 MB

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

. . exported "SCOTT"."T17" 5.414 KB 1 rows

Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

******************************************************************************

Dump file set for SCOTT.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is:

/oradata01/hisdmp/monthly/t17p.dmp

Job "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 21:01:18

scp /oradata01/hisdmp/monthly/t17t.dmp oracle@10.10.141.221:/oradata01/hisdmp/monthly/

scp /oradata01/hisdmp/monthly/t17p.dmp oracle@10.10.141.221:/oradata01/hisdmp/monthly/

---目标库wallet处于open状态，分别导入transparent、password模式导出的dmp

alter system set encryption wallet open identified by "tde_1234";

select * from v$encryption_wallet;

WRL_TYPE

--------------------

WRL_PARAMETER

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

STATUS

------------------

file

/oradata06/wallet

OPEN

---导入以encryption_mode=transparent方式导出的t17t.dmp，因源、目标库的masterkey不一致发生了ORA-28362，进一步导致ORA-39189目标库无法解密由源库masterkey加密的dumpfile

impdp scott/abcd_1234 directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t17t.dmp tables=t17 logfile=imp_t17t.log

ORA-39002: invalid operation

ORA-39189: unable to decrypt dump file set

ORA-28362: master key not found

---导入以encryption_mode=password方式导出的t17p.dmp，导入成功

impdp scott/abcd_1234 directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t17p.dmp tables=t17 logfile=imp_t17p.log encryption_password=tde_1234

Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t17p.dmp tables=t17 logfile=imp_t17p.log encryption_password=********

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

. . imported "SCOTT"."T17" 5.414 KB 1 rows

Job "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 21:03:14

场景9：导出时源库encryption wallet处于open状态，使用ENCRYPTION=ALL在dumpfile中对所有列以加密方式存储，又分别以encryption_mode=transparent和password两种模式生成两个dumpfile；导入时目标库wallet处于close状态，并分别对上述两种模式下导出的dumpfile进行导入

--源库导出，wallet处于open状态

导出过程同场景8

--关闭目标库的encryption wallet，再次尝试以上两种导入

alter system set encryption wallet close identified by "tde_1234";

select * from v$encryption_wallet;

WRL_TYPE

--------------------

WRL_PARAMETER

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

STATUS

------------------

file

/oradata06/wallet

CLOSED

---尝试导入以encryption=transparent方式导出的t17t.dmp，因目标库wallet close无法找到解密dmpfile所需的masterkey，导入失败

impdp scott/abcd_1234 directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t17t.dmp tables=t17 logfile=imp_t17t.log

ORA-39002: invalid operation

ORA-39189: unable to decrypt dump file set

ORA-28365: wallet is not open

---尝试导入以encryption=password方式导出的t17p.dmp，能够解密出dmpfile，但是因目标库wallet close，所以无法创建encrypted columns

impdp scott/abcd_1234 directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t17p.dmp tables=t17 logfile=imp_t17t.log encryption_password=tde_1234

Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t17p.dmp tables=t17 logfile=imp_t17t.log encryption_password=********

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

ORA-39083: Object type TABLE:"SCOTT"."T17" failed to create with error:

ORA-28365: wallet is not open

Failing sql is:

CREATE TABLE "SCOTT"."T17" ("C1" VARCHAR2(1 BYTE) ENCRYPT USING 'AES192' 'SHA-1', "C2" VARCHAR2(2 BYTE)) SEGMENT CREATION IMMEDIATE PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255 NOCOMPRESS LOGGING STORAGE(INITIAL 8388608 NEXT 8388608 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645 PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT CELL_FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "TS_

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

Job "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" completed with 1 error(s) at 21:09:10

场景10：导出时源库encryption wallet处于close状态，使用ENCRYPTION=ALL在dumpfile中对所有列以加密方式存储，又分别以encryption_mode=transparent和password两种模式生成两个dumpfile；导入时目标库wallet处于open状态，并分别对上述两种模式下导出的dumpfile进行导入

---源库导出，导出时wallet处于close状态

alter system set encryption wallet open identified by "tde_1234";

select * from v$encryption_wallet;

WRL_TYPE

--------------------

WRL_PARAMETER

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

STATUS

------------------

file

/oradata06/wallet

OPEN

create table t18 (c1 varchar2(1) encrypt,c2 varchar2(2)) tablespace ts_info_dat_01;

insert into t18 values('C','33');

commit;

alter system set encryption wallet close identified by "tde_1234";

select * from v$encryption_wallet;

WRL_TYPE

--------------------

WRL_PARAMETER

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

STATUS

------------------

file

/oradata06/wallet

CLOSED

---分别使用transparent和password两种模式，前者需要masterkey加密dmpfile，后者需要先用masterkey解密encrypted columns后再用password加密，两者都需要wallet open，但实际wallet处于close状态，所以这两种导出都有问题

--transparent模式导出失败

expdp scott/abcd_1234 directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t18t.dmp tables=t18 logfile=exp_t18t.log reuse_dumpfiles=yes encryption=all encryption_mode=transparent

ORA-39002: invalid operation

ORA-39188: unable to encrypt dump file set

ORA-28365: wallet is not open

--password模式导出，仅导出了表结构，因为无法使用masterkey Decrypt加密列

expdp scott/abcd_1234 directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t18p.dmp tables=t18 logfile=exp_t18p.log reuse_dumpfiles=yes encryption=all encryption_mode=password encryption_password=tde_1234;

Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t18p.dmp tables=t18 logfile=exp_t18p.log reuse_dumpfiles=yes encryption=all encryption_mode=password encryption_password=********

Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 8 MB

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

ORA-31693: Table data object "SCOTT"."T18" failed to load/unload and is being skipped due to error:

ORA-29913: error in executing ODCIEXTTABLEPOPULATE callout

ORA-28365: wallet is not open

Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

******************************************************************************

Dump file set for SCOTT.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is:

/oradata01/hisdmp/monthly/t18p.dmp

Job "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" completed with 1 error(s) at 21:17:11

scp /oradata01/hisdmp/monthly/t18p.dmp oracle@10.10.141.221:/oradata01/hisdmp/monthly/

---目标库wallet处于open状态，导入encryption_mode=transparent方式导出的t18p.dmp

因该方式下导出dmpfile失败，所以略去

---目标库wallet处于open状态，导入encryption_mode=password方式导出的t18p.dmp

alter system set encryption wallet open identified by "tde_1234";

select * from v$encryption_wallet;

WRL_TYPE

--------------------

WRL_PARAMETER

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

STATUS

------------------

file

/oradata06/wallet

OPEN

impdp scott/abcd_1234 directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t18p.dmp tables=t18 logfile=imp_t18p.log encryption_password=tde_1234

Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t18p.dmp tables=t18 logfile=imp_t18p.log encryption_password=********

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

Job "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 21:22:05

***检查t18表无内容，仅有表结构，相当于expdp时指定了encryption=metadata_only

SQL> select * from scott.t18;

no rows selected

场景11：导出时源库encryption wallet处于close状态，使用ENCRYPTION=ALL在dumpfile中对所有列以加密方式存储，又分别以encryption_mode=transparent和password两种模式生成两个dumpfile；导入时目标库wallet处于close状态，并分别对上述两种模式下导出的dumpfile进行导入

---源库导出，导出时wallet处于close状态

导出步骤同场景10

--关闭目标库的encryption wallet，再次尝试以上导入

alter system set encryption wallet close identified by "tde_1234";

select * from v$encryption_wallet;

WRL_TYPE

--------------------

WRL_PARAMETER

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

STATUS

------------------

file

/oradata06/wallet

CLOSED

---尝试导入encryption_mode=transparent方式导出的t18p.dmp

因该方式下导出dmpfile失败，所以略去

---尝试导入以encryption=password方式导出的t18p.dmp，因目标库wallet close，无法创建encrypted columns，导入失败

impdp scott/abcd_1234 directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t18p.dmp tables=t18 logfile=imp_t18t.log encryption_password=tde_1234

Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** directory=hisdmp dumpfile=t18p.dmp tables=t18 logfile=imp_t18t.log encryption_password=********

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

ORA-39083: Object type TABLE:"SCOTT"."T18" failed to create with error:

ORA-28365: wallet is not open

Failing sql is:

CREATE TABLE "SCOTT"."T18" ("C1" VARCHAR2(1 BYTE) ENCRYPT USING 'AES192' 'SHA-1', "C2" VARCHAR2(2 BYTE)) SEGMENT CREATION IMMEDIATE PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255 NOCOMPRESS LOGGING STORAGE(INITIAL 8388608 NEXT 8388608 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645 PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT CELL_FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "TS_

Job "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" completed with 1 error(s) at 21:24:04

针对实验场景的结果归纳如下：

源库expdp时的encryption wallet状态	能否正常导出加密表	目标库impdp时的encryption wallet状态	Expdp参数Encryption_mode取值	Expdp参数Encryption取值	导入结果
Open	能	Open	无	无	正常
Open	能	Close	无	无	失败
Close	能	Open	无	无	仅表结构
Close	能	Close	无	无	失败
Open	能	Open	password	ENCRYPTED_COLUMNS_ONLY	正常
Open	能	Close	password	ENCRYPTED_COLUMNS_ONLY	失败
Close	否	-	password	ENCRYPTED_COLUMNS_ONLY	-
Open	能	Open	transparent	ALL	失败
Open	能	Open	password	ALL	正常
Open	能	Close	transparent	ALL	失败
Open	能	Close	password	ALL	失败
Close	否	-	transparent	ALL	-
Close	能	open	password	All	仅表结构
Close	能	Close	password	All	失败

总结：

含有加密列的表进行导出、导入时：

1、 源库上执行导出操作时encryption wallet只有处于open状态才能导出完整的内容，如果是close的情况下一般会把表结构导出（但encryption= ENCRYPTED_COLUMNS_ONLY和encryption_mode=transparent两种情况除外，这两种情况连表结构都不会导出，直接报错退出）

2、目标库执行导入操作时，需要先对dumpfile文件进行解密(如果expdp出来的时候进行了加密)，再用自己的masterkey重新对表进行加密，这两个步骤中任意一个有问题都会引起导入失败

3、如果安全上允许建议启用auto login encryption wallet，数据库重启后会自动open