《GPU高性能编程CUDA实战》附录一 高级原子操作

▶ 本章介绍了手动实现原子操作。重构了第五章向量点积的过程。核心是通过定义结构Lock及其运算，实现锁定，读写，解锁的过程。

● 章节代码

 #include <stdio.h>
 #include "cuda_runtime.h"
 #include "device_launch_parameters.h"
 #include "cuda.h"
 #include "D:\Code\CUDA\book\common\book.h"
 
 #define imin(a,b)       (a<b?a:b)
 #define sum_squares(x)  (x*(x+1)*(2*x+1)/6)
 #define N               33 * 1024 * 1024
 #define THREADSIZE      256
 #define BLOCKSIZE       imin(32, (N + THREADSIZE - 1) / THREADSIZE)
 
 struct Lock
 {
     int *mutex;
     Lock(void)
     {
         int state = ;
         cudaMalloc((void **)&mutex, sizeof(int));
         cudaMemcpy(mutex, &state, sizeof(int), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice);
     }
     ~Lock(void)
     {
         cudaFree(mutex);
     }
     __device__ void lock(void)
     {
         while (atomicCAS(mutex, , ) != );
         //atomicCAS(a, b, c)将判断变量a是否等于b，
         //若相等，则用c的值去替换a，并返回c的值；若不相等，则返回a的值
         //函数lock()中，线程不断尝试判断mutex是否为0，
         //若为0则改写为1 ，表明“占用”，禁止其他线程进行访问
         //若为1则继续尝试判断
     }
     __device__ void unlock(void)
     {
         atomicExch(mutex, );
         //atomicExch(a, b)返回第一个变量的值，并将两个变量的值进行交换
         //这里使用原子操作只是与上面的atomicCAS统一，否则可以直接用赋值语句
         //线程操作完成，将mutex改写回0，允许其他线程进行访问
     }
 };
 
 __global__ void dot(Lock lock, float *a, float *b, float *c)
 {
     __shared__ float share[THREADSIZE];
     int tid = threadIdx.x + blockIdx.x * blockDim.x;
     int cacheIndex = threadIdx.x;
     float   temp = ;
 
     while (tid < N)
     {
         temp += a[tid] * b[tid];
         tid += blockDim.x * gridDim.x;
     }
 
     share[cacheIndex] = temp;
     __syncthreads();
 
     int i = blockDim.x / ;
     while (i != )
     {
         if (cacheIndex < i)
             share[cacheIndex] += share[cacheIndex + i];
         __syncthreads();
         i /= ;
     }
     if (cacheIndex == )
     {
         lock.lock();// 等待可写入的机会，锁上，写入，再解锁
         *c += share[];
         lock.unlock();
     }
 }
 
 int main(void)
 {
     float   *a, *b, c = ;
     float   *dev_a, *dev_b, *dev_c;
 
     a = (float*)malloc(N * sizeof(float));
     b = (float*)malloc(N * sizeof(float));
 
     cudaMalloc((void**)&dev_a, N * sizeof(float));
     cudaMalloc((void**)&dev_b, N * sizeof(float));
     cudaMalloc((void**)&dev_c, sizeof(float));
 
     for (int i = ; i < N; i++)
     {
         a[i] = i;
         b[i] = i * ;
     }
 
     cudaMemcpy(dev_a, a, N * sizeof(float), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice);
     cudaMemcpy(dev_b, b, N * sizeof(float), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice);
     cudaMemcpy(dev_c, &c, sizeof(float), cudaMemcpyHostToDevice);
 
     Lock lock;
     dot << <BLOCKSIZE, THREADSIZE >> > (lock, dev_a, dev_b, dev_c);
 
     cudaMemcpy(&c, dev_c, sizeof(float), cudaMemcpyDeviceToHost);
 
     printf("\n\tAnswer:\t\t%.6g\n\tGPU value:\t%.6g\n",  * sum_squares((float)(N - )), c);
 
     free(a);
     free(b);
     cudaFree(dev_a);
     cudaFree(dev_b);
     cudaFree(dev_c);
     getchar();
     return ;
 }