ansible自动化运维常用模块

  常用模块实现的功能:安装软件包;修改配置文件;创建程序用户组;创建目录,并修改所属和权限;挂载;启动服务;测试。

    command模块:

    shell模块:

注意:command和shell模块功能类似,均不支持别名(命令),区别:command只能使用一条指令,shell可以使用管道!

    

    例子1:     

      [root@host1 ~]# ansible test1 -m shell -a "df -h|grep /$"
      192.168.132.163 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
      /dev/mapper/centos-root 17G 4.5G 13G 26% /

      192.168.132.162 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
      /dev/mapper/centos-root 17G 4.4G 13G 26% /

例子2:  统一创建test11用户名,并且修改密码为123.

      [root@host1 ~]# ansible test1 -m shell -a "useradd test11"
      192.168.132.162 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>

      192.168.132.163 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>

      [root@host1 ~]# ansible test1 -m shell -a "echo 123|passwd --stdin test11"
      192.168.132.163 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
      Changing password for user oldboy.
      passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

      192.168.132.162 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
      Changing password for user oldboy.
      passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

    拓展模块:chdir模块,creates模块

      chdir模块是操作前切换目录,切换后的操作都会在切换后的目录下进行,比如切换创建文件,那么这个文件就会创建在切换后的目录下。

      例子:

        ansible主机:在客户端/tmp目录下创建文件test01

          [root@host1 ~]# ansible 192.168.132.162 -m command -a "chdir=/tmp touch test01"

        客户端(被控端):          

          [root@host2 tmp]# ll
          -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Dec 10 08:59 test01

    creates模块:创建文件,如果文件存在就略过此操作

      例子:创建文件test02在远程客户端192.168.132.162/tmp/目录下,如果存在则略过此操作

        [root@host1 ~]# ansible 192.168.132.162 -m command -a "creates=/tmp/t1  chdir=/tmp touch test02"

    yum模块:

      

      例子:安装httpd服务

          

[root@host1 ~]# ansible test1 -m yum -a "name=httpd state=installed"
192.168.132.163 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": true,
"changes": {
"installed": [
"httpd"
]
},
"msg": "",
"rc": 0,
"results": [
"Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks\nLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile\n * base: mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn\n * extras: mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn\n * updates: mirrors.neusoft.edu.cn\nResolving Dependencies\n--> Running transaction check\n---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-90.el7.centos will be installed\n--> Processing Dependency: httpd-tools = 2.4.6-90.el7.centos for package: httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64\n--> Running transaction check\n---> Package httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-90.el7.centos will be installed\n--> Finished Dependency Resolution\n\nDependencies Resolved\n\n================================================================================\n Package Arch Version Repository Size\n================================================================================\nInstalling:\n httpd x86_64 2.4.6-90.el7.centos base 2.7 M\nInstalling for dependencies:\n httpd-tools x86_64 2.4.6-90.el7.centos base 91 k\n\nTransaction Summary\n================================================================================\nInstall 1 Package (+1 Dependent package)\n\nTotal download size: 2.8 M\nInstalled size: 9.5 M\nDownloading packages:\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\nTotal 532 kB/s | 2.8 MB 00:05 \nRunning transaction check\nRunning transaction test\nTransaction test succeeded\nRunning transaction\n Installing : httpd-tools-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 1/2 \n Installing : httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 2/2 \n Verifying : httpd-tools-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 1/2 \n Verifying : httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 2/2 \n\nInstalled:\n httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-90.el7.centos \n\nDependency Installed:\n httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-90.el7.centos \n\nComplete!\n"
]
}
192.168.132.162 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": true,
"changes": {
"installed": [
"httpd"
]
},
"msg": "",
"rc": 0,
"results": [
"Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks\nLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile\n * base: mirror.lzu.edu.cn\n * extras: mirror.lzu.edu.cn\n * updates: mirror.lzu.edu.cn\nResolving Dependencies\n--> Running transaction check\n---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-90.el7.centos will be installed\n--> Processing Dependency: httpd-tools = 2.4.6-90.el7.centos for package: httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64\n--> Running transaction check\n---> Package httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-90.el7.centos will be installed\n--> Finished Dependency Resolution\n\nDependencies Resolved\n\n================================================================================\n Package Arch Version Repository Size\n================================================================================\nInstalling:\n httpd x86_64 2.4.6-90.el7.centos base 2.7 M\nInstalling for dependencies:\n httpd-tools x86_64 2.4.6-90.el7.centos base 91 k\n\nTransaction Summary\n================================================================================\nInstall 1 Package (+1 Dependent package)\n\nTotal download size: 2.8 M\nInstalled size: 9.5 M\nDownloading packages:\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\nTotal 249 kB/s | 2.8 MB 00:11 \nRunning transaction check\nRunning transaction test\nTransaction test succeeded\nRunning transaction\n Installing : httpd-tools-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 1/2 \n Installing : httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 2/2 \n Verifying : httpd-tools-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 1/2 \n Verifying : httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 2/2 \n\nInstalled:\n httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-90.el7.centos \n\nDependency Installed:\n httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-90.el7.centos \n\nComplete!\n"
]
}

    copy模块:

      

      例子1: 批量推送(复制)本地hosts文件给远端,并且备份远端源文件。         

[root@host1 ~]# ansible test1 -m copy -a "src=/etc/hosts dest=/etc/hosts backup=yes"
192.168.132.162 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"backup_file": "/etc/hosts.15364.2019-10-10@15:14:09~",
"changed": true,
"checksum": "35e756c648782271a53cef2b3f6da3058831d44f",
"dest": "/etc/hosts",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"md5sum": "16f49d9e42dd5c20906f11c0a76b8626",
"mode": "0644",
"owner": "root",
"size": 224,
"src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1570691646.54-3936729023517/source",
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}
192.168.132.163 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"backup_file": "/etc/hosts.29478.2019-10-10@15:14:09~",
"changed": true,
"checksum": "35e756c648782271a53cef2b3f6da3058831d44f",
"dest": "/etc/hosts",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"md5sum": "16f49d9e42dd5c20906f11c0a76b8626",
"mode": "0644",
"owner": "root",
"size": 224,
"src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1570691646.58-21560942432423/source",
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}

      例子2:批量向远端添加rsync认证文件。

[root@host1 ~]# ansible test1 -m copy -a "content='rsync_backup:1' dest=/etc/rsync.password owner=root group=root mode=600"
192.168.132.162 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": true,
"checksum": "c6e45d8d2843493d4eb37947d3a9f8df32079196",
"dest": "/etc/rsync.password",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"md5sum": "70a0afc63f084920453ac5ac3e2d733f",
"mode": "0600",
"owner": "root",
"size": 14,
"src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1570692587.41-43388984791069/source",
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}
192.168.132.163 | CHANGED => {
"ansible_facts": {
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"changed": true,
"checksum": "c6e45d8d2843493d4eb37947d3a9f8df32079196",
"dest": "/etc/rsync.password",
"gid": 0,
"group": "root",
"md5sum": "70a0afc63f084920453ac5ac3e2d733f",
"mode": "0600",
"owner": "root",
"size": 14,
"src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1570692587.47-144328961636524/source",
"state": "file",
"uid": 0
}  

    service模块:

      

      例子1:批量启动httpd服务,并且开启httpd服务开机自启动。        

        [root@host1 ~]# ansible test1 -m service -a "name=httpd state=started enabled=yes"

      例子2:批量修改httpd服务首页页面内容为welcome to rybtest.

        [root@host1 ~]# ansible test1 -m copy -a "content='welcome to rybtest' dest=/var/www/html/index.html"

          

    group模块:

      

      例子1:批量添加组名www,并且设置gid为666.

        [root@host1 ~]# ansible test1 -m group -a "name=www gid=666"

      例子2:批量修改组的gid为888

        [root@host1 ~]# ansible test1 -m group -a "name=www gid=888"

      例子3:批量删除www组

        [root@host1 ~]# ansible test1 -m group -a "name=www gid=888 state=absent" 

    user模块:

      

        注意:user模块在centos7执行可能有点问题,研究待定!!!

        例子1:批量创建用户test01,指定uid 60000,gid 666,并设置密码为123456。          

         例子2:创建一个程序用户www,指定uid 666,gid 666. 不让登陆,不创建家目录。

    file模块:

      

        例子1:创建目录 /data02和/backup,属主666,属组666,递归。

          [root@host1 ~]# ansible test1 -m file -a "path=/data02 owner=666 group=666 recurse=yes state=directory"

          例子2:创建文件 /etc/rsync.password,权限600。          

          [root@host1 ~]# ansible test1 -m file -a "path=/etc/rsync.password state=touch mode=600"

          例子3:对/etc/hosts做软连接,到/tmp/hosts.

          [root@host1 ~]# ansible test1 -m file -a "src=/etc/hosts path=/tmp/hosts state=link"

        file模块小总结:file模块仅适合创建目录,修改所属和权限,创建链接,除了这些操作的其他文件管理都通过copy模块实现。

    mount模块:

      

        例4:创建多级目录/data1/test1,并且设置目录所有者,所属组。

          ansible主机如下操作:

            [root@host1 ~]# ansible 192.168.132.162 -m file -a "dest=/data1/test1 owner=www group=www state=directory"

          去客户端主机查看:            

            [root@host2 test01]# ll /data1/
            total 0
            drwxr-xr-x 2 www www 6 Dec 11 15:46 test1

        例子:通过nfs实现网络文件的共享

          1)安装nfs

          [root@host1 ~]# ansible test1 -m yum  -a "name=nfs-utils state=installed"

          2)启动服务

          [root@host1 ~]# ansible test1 -m service -a "name=rpcbind state=started"

          [root@host1 ~]# ansible test1 -m service -a "name=nfs state=started"

          3)修改配置文件

          4)创建目录,用户,并修改所属

          5)重载配置文件

      

            

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