【XML】-- C#读取XML中元素和属性的值

Xml是扩展标记语言的简写，是一种开发的文本格式。

啰嗦几句儿：老师布置的一个小作业却让我的脑细胞死了一堆，难的不是代码，是n多嵌套的if、foreach，做完这个，我使劲儿想：我一女孩，没有更多女孩的生活整天对着电脑学，累的不行但这水平就不见长，哪儿出错了呢？----脑袋瓜子不够用。。。  哎，来句老师的话缓解一下：“JUST DO IT！很多孩子听了乔丹的话,从此进入IT行业~~~”

over，我还是把这个简单但却打击了我下的小东西共享下吧。^_~

 用C#读取xml有很多方式，这里我就先使用XmlDocument读取Xml，用一段代码遍历所有元素，并打印student的所有属性和子节点的值。

1、school.xml，如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--启明培训学校学生信息：
    1、一年级学生
    2、二年级学生
  -->
  <school name="启明培训学校">
    <grades>
     <grade id="1" name="一年级">
         <classes>
         <class id="101" name="一班">
                 <teachers>
                    <teacher teach="语文"><teacherName><![CDATA[王军]]></teacherName></teacher>
                    <teacher teach="数学"><teacherName><![CDATA[周杰]]></teacherName></teacher>
                 </teachers>
                 <students>
                     <student id="10101">
                         <name>亢阳</name>
                          <sex>女</sex>
                     </student>
                     <student id="10102">
                         <name>田镇南</name>
                         <sex>男</sex>
                     </student>
                     <student id="10103">
                         <name>刘嘉</name>
                         <sex>女</sex>
                     </student>
                 </students>
         </class>
        </classes>
     </grade>
        <grade id="2" name="二年级">
         <classes>
         <class id="201" name="二班">
                 <teachers>
                    <teacher teach="语文"><teacherName><![CDATA[胡军]]></teacherName></teacher>
                    <teacher teach="数学"><teacherName><![CDATA[王洁]]></teacherName></teacher>
                 </teachers>
                 <students >
                     <student id="20101">
                         <name>胡艳</name>
                          <sex>女</sex>
                     </student>
                     <student id="20102">
                         <name>张三</name>
                         <sex>男</sex>
                     </student>
                     <student id="20103">
                         <name>李四</name>
                         <sex>女</sex>
                     </student>
                 </students>
         </class>
        </classes>
     </grade>
 </grades>
  </school>  

2、XMLReader.cs （我用的是控制台应用程序，直接附上全部代码吧）

  1 using System;
  2 using System.Collections.Generic;
  3 using System.Linq;
  4 using System.Text;
  5
  6 using System.Xml;
  7
  8 namespace XMLReader
  9 {
 10     class XMLReader
 11     {
 12         static void Main(string[] args)
 13         {
 14             string xmlFilePath = "school.xml";
 15             XmlDocument doc = new XmlDocument();
 16             doc.Load(xmlFilePath);
 17
 18             //学校  使用xpath表达式选择文档中所有的schoo的子节点
 19             XmlNodeList schoolNodeList = doc.SelectNodes("/school");
 20             if (schoolNodeList != null)
 21             {
 22                 foreach (XmlNode schoolNode in schoolNodeList)
 23                 {
 24                     //通过Attributes获得属性名为name的属性
 25                     string schoolName = schoolNode.Attributes["name"].Value;
 26                     Console.WriteLine("学校：" + schoolName);
 27
 28                     #region 年级
 29                     //通过SelectSingleNode方法获得当前节点下的grades子节点
 30                     XmlNode gradesNode = schoolNode.SelectSingleNode("grades");
 31                     if (gradesNode != null)
 32                     {
 33                         //通过ChildNodes属性获得grades的所有一级子节点
 34                         XmlNodeList gradeNodeList = gradesNode.ChildNodes;
 35                         if (gradeNodeList != null)
 36                         {
 37                             foreach (XmlNode gradeNode in gradeNodeList)
 38                             {
 39                                 Console.WriteLine("\t");
 40                                 Console.WriteLine("年级：" + gradeNode.Attributes["name"].Value + "   ID:" + gradeNode.Attributes["id"].Value);
 41
 42                                 #region 班级
 43                                 //通过SelectSingleNode方法获得当前节点下的classes子节点
 44                                 XmlNode classesNode = gradeNode.SelectSingleNode("classes");
 45                                 if (classesNode != null)
 46                                 {
 47                                     //通过ChildNodes属性获得classes的所有一级子节点
 48                                     XmlNodeList classNodeList = classesNode.ChildNodes;
 49                                     if (classNodeList != null)
 50                                     {
 51                                         foreach (XmlNode classNode in classNodeList)
 52                                         {
 53                              Console.WriteLine("  班级：" + classNode.Attributes["name"].Value + "    ID:" + classNode.Attributes["id"].Value);
 54
 55                                             #region 老师
 56                                             XmlNode teachersNode = classNode.SelectSingleNode("teachers");
 57                                             if (teachersNode != null)
 58                                             {
 59                                                 XmlNodeList teacherNodeList = teachersNode.ChildNodes;
 60                                                 if (teacherNodeList != null)
 61                                                 {
 62                                                     foreach (XmlNode teacherNode in teacherNodeList)
 63                                                     {
 64                                                         XmlNode teacherNameNode = teacherNode.FirstChild;
 65                                                         XmlCDataSection cdate = (XmlCDataSection)teacherNameNode.FirstChild;
 66                                                         if (cdate != null)
 67                                                         {
 68                                             Console.WriteLine("   "+teacherNode.Attributes["teach"].Value + "老师："+cdate.InnerText.Trim())；
 69
 70                                                         }
 71                                                     }
 72                                                 }
 73                                             }
 74                                             #endregion  老师
 75
 76                                                 #region 所有学生
 77                                                 XmlNode studentsNode = classNode.SelectSingleNode("students");
 78                                                 if (studentsNode != null)
 79                                                 {
 80                                                     XmlNodeList studentNodeList = studentsNode.ChildNodes;
 81                                                     if (studentNodeList != null)
 82                                                     {
 83                                                         foreach (XmlNode studentNode in studentNodeList)
 84                                                         {
 85                                                             Console.WriteLine("    学生：" + studentNode.Attributes["id"].Value);
 86
 87                                                             //获取student的属性值name和文本
 88                                                             XmlNode stu1 = studentNode.FirstChild;
 89                                                             XmlElement xe1 = (XmlElement)stu1;
 90                                                             if (xe1 != null)
 91                                                             {
 92                                                                 Console.WriteLine("        姓名：" + xe1.InnerText.Trim());
 93                                                             }
 94                                                             //获取student的属性值sex和文本
 95                                                             XmlNode stu2 = studentNode.LastChild;
 96                                                             XmlElement xe2 = (XmlElement)stu2;
 97                                                             if (xe2 != null)
 98                                                             {
 99                                                                 Console.WriteLine("        姓别：" + xe2.InnerText.Trim());
100                                                             }
101                                                         }
102                                                     }
103                                                 #endregion 所有学生
104                                                 }
105                                             }
106                                         }
107                                 #endregion 班级
108                                     }
109                                 }
110                             }
111                     #endregion  年级
112                             Console.Write("\r\n按随意键跳出");
113                             Console.ReadKey();
114                         }
115
116                     }
117                 }
118             }
119         }
120     }

ok，运行，如图：

-- 后记，学的xml不多，做完之后，我不得不对自己说：IT，要学的太多了，...>_<...