[CentOS 7] TexLive2017中kpsewhich Bug的修复

使用TexLive有一段时间了，从2015到2017，一直运行如常。

最近，想把以前的文档重新编译，却发现不能正常运行，费了好大一番工夫，才终于修复了这个bug，记录如下。

问题描述：编译一个简单的 *.tex 文件时，经常报告系统文件找不到的错误，无论是 pdflatex，latex，xelatex 命令都有类似的错误。

test.tex 全文：

% test.tex

\documentclass{article}

\begin{document}

hello \LaTeX!

\end{document}

用 pdflatex 命令编译报错：

[...]$ pdflatex test.tex

This is pdfTeX, Version 3.14159265-2.6-1.40. (TeX Live ) (preloaded format=pdflatex)

 restricted \write18 enabled.

kpathsea: Running mktexfmt pdflatex.fmt

mktexfmt: mktexfmt is using the following fmtutil.cnf files (in precedence order):

mktexfmt:   /usr/local/texlive//texmf-dist/web2c/fmtutil.cnf

mktexfmt: mktexfmt is using the following fmtutil.cnf file for writing changes:

mktexfmt:   /home/She/.texlive2017/texmf-config/web2c/fmtutil.cnf

mktexfmt [INFO]: writing formats under /home/She/.texlive2017/texmf-var/web2c

mktexfmt [INFO]: --- remaking pdflatex with pdftex

mktexfmt: running `pdftex -ini   -jobname=pdflatex -progname=pdflatex -translate-file=cp227.tcx *pdflatex.ini' ...

This is pdfTeX, Version 3.14159265-2.6-1.40. (TeX Live ) (INITEX)

 restricted \write18 enabled.

 (/usr/local/texlive//texmf-dist/web2c/cp227.tcx)

entering extended mode

(/usr/local/texlive//texmf-dist/tex/latex/latexconfig/pdflatex.ini

! I can't find file `pdftexconfig.tex'.

l. \input pdftexconfig.tex

(Press Enter to retry, or Control-D to exit)

Please type another input file name:

! Emergency stop.

l. \input pdftexconfig.tex

No pages of output.

Transcript written on pdflatex.log.

mktexfmt [ERROR]: running `pdftex -ini   -jobname=pdflatex -progname=pdflatex -translate-file=cp227.tcx *pdflatex.ini >& </dev/null' return status 1

mktexfmt [ERROR]: return error due to options --strict

mktexfmt [INFO]: Disabled formats:

mktexfmt [INFO]: Not selected formats:

mktexfmt [INFO]: Failed to build:  (pdftex/pdflatex)

mktexfmt [INFO]: Total formats:

mktexfmt [INFO]: exiting with status

I can't find the format file `pdflatex.fmt'!

实际上，上述文件 pdftexconfig.tex 和 pdflatex.fmt 是存在的，它们分别位于 /usr/local/texlive/2017/texmf-dist/tex/generic/tex-ini-files/pdftexconfig.tex 和 /usr/local/texlive/2017/texmf-var/web2c/pdftex/pdflatex.fmt 。

推断这是由于该文件并不在搜索路径内，以致于无法找到它们。接下来就是修复搜索路径的问题。

此时，TexLive 2017 的系统环境变量为

[...]$ cat /etc/profile.d/texlive2017.sh

#!/bin/bash

# setting for TexLive  environment variables, edit by She

export TEXMF=/usr/local/texlive//texmf-dist

export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin:/usr/local/texlive//bin/x86_64-linux

export MANPATH=/usr/local/texlive//texmf-dist/doc/man:$MANPATH

export INFOPATH=/usr/local/texlive//texmf-dist/doc/info:$INFOPATH

export TEXINPUTS=/usr/local/texlive//texmf-dist/tex/latex/latexconfig

相应地，可以看到 kpsewhich 命令并不能搜索到相应的系统文件（这里以 minted.sty 文件为例），而且 TexLive 2017 下 tlmgr 工具的参数设置如下，红色带下划线的文字是我添加的注释：

[...]$ kpsewhich pdflatex.ini

/usr/local/texlive/2017/texmf-dist/tex/latex/latexconfig/pdflatex.ini

[...]$ kpsewhich --show-path=.sty

/usr/local/texlive/2017/texmf-dist/tex/latex/latexconfig

[...]$ kpsewhich minted.sty    # 这个命令没有返回结果，说明 kpsewhich 的搜索路径设置不当
[...]$
[...]$ tlmgr conf

=========================== version information ==========================

tlmgr revision  (-- :: +)

tlmgr using installation: /usr/local/texlive/

TeX Live (http://tug.org/texlive) version 2017

==================== executables found by searching PATH =================

PATH: /usr/local/texlive//bin/x86_64-linux:/usr/lib64/qt-3.3/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin:/opt/pgi/linux86-/17.4/bin:/home/She/.local/bin:/home/She/bin:/usr/local/texlive//bin/x86_64-linux:/opt/pgi/linux86-/17.4/bin:/home/She/.local/bin:/home/She/bin:/usr/local/texlive//bin/x86_64-linux

kpsewhich: /usr/local/texlive//bin/x86_64-linux/kpsewhich

updmap: /usr/local/texlive//bin/x86_64-linux/updmap

fmtutil: /usr/local/texlive//bin/x86_64-linux/fmtutil

tlmgr: /usr/local/texlive//bin/x86_64-linux/tlmgr

tex: /usr/local/texlive//bin/x86_64-linux/tex

pdftex: /usr/local/texlive//bin/x86_64-linux/pdftex

mktexpk: /usr/local/texlive//bin/x86_64-linux/mktexpk

dvips: /usr/local/texlive//bin/x86_64-linux/dvips

dvipdfmx: /usr/local/texlive//bin/x86_64-linux/dvipdfmx

=========================== active config files ==========================

texmf.cnf: /usr/local/texlive//texmf.cnf

texmf.cnf: /usr/local/texlive//texmf-dist/web2c/texmf.cnf

updmap.cfg: /usr/local/texlive//texmf-dist/web2c/updmap.cfg

fmtutil.cnf: /usr/local/texlive//texmf-dist/web2c/fmtutil.cnf

config.ps: /usr/local/texlive//texmf-dist/dvips/config/config.ps

mktex.cnf: /usr/local/texlive//texmf-dist/web2c/mktex.cnf

pdftexconfig.tex: ============================= font map files =============================

psfonts.map: /usr/local/texlive//texmf-dist/fonts/map/dvips/updmap/psfonts.map

pdftex.map: /usr/local/texlive//texmf-dist/fonts/map/pdftex/updmap/pdftex.map

ps2pk.map: /usr/local/texlive//texmf-dist/fonts/map/dvips/updmap/ps2pk.map

kanjix.map: /usr/local/texlive//texmf-dist/fonts/map/dvipdfmx/updmap/kanjix.map

=========================== kpathsea variables ===========================

TEXMFMAIN=/usr/local/texlive//texmf-dist

TEXMFDIST=/usr/local/texlive//texmf-dist

TEXMFLOCAL=/usr/local/texlive/texmf-local

TEXMFSYSVAR=/usr/local/texlive//texmf-var

TEXMFSYSCONFIG=/usr/local/texlive//texmf-config

TEXMFVAR=/home/She/.texlive2017/texmf-var

TEXMFCONFIG=/home/She/.texlive2017/texmf-config

TEXMFHOME=/home/She/texmf

VARTEXFONTS=/home/She/.texlive2017/texmf-var/fonts

TEXMF=/usr/local/texlive//texmf-dist

SYSTEXMF=/usr/local/texlive//texmf-var:/usr/local/texlive/texmf-local:/usr/local/texlive//texmf-dist

TEXMFDBS={!!/usr/local/texlive/texmf-local,!!/usr/local/texlive//texmf-config,!!/usr/local/texlive//texmf-var,!!/usr/local/texlive//texmf-dist}

WEB2C=/usr/local/texlive//texmf-dist/web2c

TEXPSHEADERS=.:/usr/local/texlive//texmf-dist/{dvips,fonts/{enc,type1,type42,type3}}//

TEXCONFIG=/usr/local/texlive//texmf-dist/dvips//

ENCFONTS=.:/usr/local/texlive//texmf-dist/fonts/enc//

TEXFONTMAPS=.:/usr/local/texlive//texmf-dist/fonts/map/{kpsewhich,pdftex,dvips,}//

==== kpathsea variables from environment only (ok if no output here) ====

TEXINPUTS=/usr/local/texlive/2017/texmf-dist/tex/latex/latexconfig

[...]$ echo $TEXINPUTS

/usr/local/texlive//texmf-dist/tex/latex/latexconfig
[...]$

注意到，minted.sty 文件的默认路径为 /usr/local/texlive/2017/texmf-dist/tex/latex/minted/minted.sty，而 kpsewhich 命令并不能搜索到它，这是因为 kpsewhich 的搜索目录设置不当；tlmgr 命令返回的参数中有两处错误（红色背景所示），一是 pdftexconfig.tex 的位置未指定，二是 $TEXINPUTS 的内容仅由系统的环境变量所指定，而不会使用 TexLive 默认的目录设置（TexLive 专用的树形目录结构 TDS）。特别指出，tlmgr 命令的第二个错误写道：“==== kpathsea variables from environment only (ok if no output here) ====”，以后可以利用这里的输出字段来查询是否定义了冲突的系统变量。

接下来，修改 TexLive 2017 环境变量的设置文件，并且更新 TexLive 的设置。

[...]$ vi ~/Documents/texlive2017.sh

#!/bin/bash

# setting for TexLive  environment variables, edit by She

export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin:/usr/local/texlive//bin/x86_64-linux

export MANPATH=/usr/local/texlive//texmf-dist/doc/man:$MANPATH

export INFOPATH=/usr/local/texlive//texmf-dist/doc/info:$INFOPATH

[...]$ sudo cp ~/Documents/texlive2017.sh /etc/profile.d/texlive2017.sh
[...]$ source /etc/profile.d/texlive2017.sh
[...]$ sudo texhash

注销，再重新登录。

此时，查询这个变量 $TEXINPUTS 是否有值，再重复之前的 pdflatex 编译工作，可以看到 pdflatex 命令运行正常，可以生成相应的 test.pdf 文件：

[...]$ echo $TEXINPUTS

[...]$ pdflatex test.tex

This is pdfTeX, Version 3.14159265-2.6-1.40. (TeX Live ) (preloaded format=pdflatex)

 restricted \write18 enabled.

entering extended mode

(./test.tex

LaTeX2e <-->

Babel <3.12> and hyphenation patterns for  language(s) loaded.

(/usr/local/texlive//texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/article.cls

Document Class: article // v1.4h Standard LaTeX document class

(/usr/local/texlive//texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/size10.clo)) (./test.aux)

[{/usr/local/texlive//texmf-var/fonts/map/pdftex/updmap/pdftex.map}]

(./test.aux) )</usr/local/texlive//texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/c

m/cmr10.pfb></usr/local/texlive//texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/

cmr7.pfb>

Output written on test.pdf ( page,  bytes).

Transcript written on test.log.

而且，tlmgr 工具的参数以及 kpsewhich 查询测试均正常，结果如下：

[...]$ kpsewhich --show-path=.sty

.:/home/She/.texlive2017/texmf-config/tex/kpsewhich//:/home/She/.texlive2017/texmf-var/tex/kpsewhich//:/home/She/texmf/tex/kpsewhich//:!!/usr/local/texlive/texmf-local/tex/kpsewhich//:!!/usr/local/texlive/2017/texmf-config/tex/kpsewhich//:!!/usr/local/texlive/2017/texmf-var/tex/kpsewhich//:!!/usr/local/texlive/2017/texmf-dist/tex/kpsewhich//:/home/She/.texlive2017/texmf-config/tex/generic//:/home/She/.texlive2017/texmf-var/tex/generic//:/home/She/texmf/tex/generic//:!!/usr/local/texlive/texmf-local/tex/generic//:!!/usr/local/texlive/2017/texmf-config/tex/generic//:!!/usr/local/texlive/2017/texmf-var/tex/generic//:!!/usr/local/texlive/2017/texmf-dist/tex/generic//:/home/She/.texlive2017/texmf-config/tex///:/home/She/.texlive2017/texmf-var/tex///:/home/She/texmf/tex///:!!/usr/local/texlive/texmf-local/tex///:!!/usr/local/texlive/2017/texmf-config/tex///:!!/usr/local/texlive/2017/texmf-var/tex///:!!/usr/local/texlive/2017/texmf-dist/tex///

[...]$ kpsewhich --show-path=.fmt

.:/home/She/.texlive2017/texmf-config/web2c/unsetengine:/home/She/.texlive2017/texmf-var/web2c/unsetengine:/home/She/texmf/web2c/unsetengine:!!/usr/local/texlive/texmf-local/web2c/unsetengine:!!/usr/local/texlive/2017/texmf-config/web2c/unsetengine:!!/usr/local/texlive/2017/texmf-var/web2c/unsetengine:!!/usr/local/texlive/2017/texmf-dist/web2c/unsetengine:/home/She/.texlive2017/texmf-config/web2c:/home/She/.texlive2017/texmf-var/web2c:/home/She/texmf/web2c:!!/usr/local/texlive/texmf-local/web2c:!!/usr/local/texlive/2017/texmf-config/web2c:!!/usr/local/texlive/2017/texmf-var/web2c:!!/usr/local/texlive/2017/texmf-dist/web2c

[...]$ which kpsewhich

/usr/local/texlive/2017/bin/x86_64-linux/kpsewhich

[...]$ kpsewhich minted.sty

/usr/local/texlive/2017/texmf-dist/tex/latex/minted/minted.sty

[...]$ kpsewhich pdflatex.fmt

[...]$ kpsewhich pdflatex.ini

/usr/local/texlive/2017/texmf-dist/tex/latex/latexconfig/pdflatex.in
[...]$ tlmgr conf

=========================== version information ==========================

tlmgr revision  (-- :: +)

tlmgr using installation: /usr/local/texlive/

TeX Live (http://tug.org/texlive) version 2017

==================== executables found by searching PATH =================

PATH: /usr/local/texlive//bin/x86_64-linux:/usr/lib64/qt-3.3/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin:/opt/pgi/linux86-/17.4/bin:/home/She/.local/bin:/home/She/bin:/usr/local/texlive//bin/x86_64-linux:/opt/pgi/linux86-/17.4/bin:/home/She/.local/bin:/home/She/bin:/usr/local/texlive//bin/x86_64-linux

kpsewhich: /usr/local/texlive//bin/x86_64-linux/kpsewhich

updmap: /usr/local/texlive//bin/x86_64-linux/updmap

fmtutil: /usr/local/texlive//bin/x86_64-linux/fmtutil

tlmgr: /usr/local/texlive//bin/x86_64-linux/tlmgr

tex: /usr/local/texlive//bin/x86_64-linux/tex

pdftex: /usr/local/texlive//bin/x86_64-linux/pdftex

mktexpk: /usr/local/texlive//bin/x86_64-linux/mktexpk

dvips: /usr/local/texlive//bin/x86_64-linux/dvips

dvipdfmx: /usr/local/texlive//bin/x86_64-linux/dvipdfmx

=========================== active config files ==========================

texmf.cnf: /usr/local/texlive//texmf.cnf

texmf.cnf: /usr/local/texlive//texmf-dist/web2c/texmf.cnf

updmap.cfg: /usr/local/texlive//texmf-dist/web2c/updmap.cfg

fmtutil.cnf: /usr/local/texlive//texmf-dist/web2c/fmtutil.cnf

config.ps: /usr/local/texlive//texmf-dist/dvips/config/config.ps

mktex.cnf: /usr/local/texlive//texmf-dist/web2c/mktex.cnf

pdftexconfig.tex: /usr/local/texlive//texmf-dist/tex/generic/tex-ini-files/pdftexconfig.tex

============================= font map files =============================

psfonts.map: /usr/local/texlive//texmf-var/fonts/map/dvips/updmap/psfonts.map

pdftex.map: /usr/local/texlive//texmf-var/fonts/map/pdftex/updmap/pdftex.map

ps2pk.map: /usr/local/texlive//texmf-var/fonts/map/dvips/updmap/ps2pk.map

kanjix.map: /usr/local/texlive//texmf-var/fonts/map/dvipdfmx/updmap/kanjix.map

=========================== kpathsea variables ===========================

TEXMFMAIN=/usr/local/texlive//texmf-dist

TEXMFDIST=/usr/local/texlive//texmf-dist

TEXMFLOCAL=/usr/local/texlive/texmf-local

TEXMFSYSVAR=/usr/local/texlive//texmf-var

TEXMFSYSCONFIG=/usr/local/texlive//texmf-config

TEXMFVAR=/home/She/.texlive2017/texmf-var

TEXMFCONFIG=/home/She/.texlive2017/texmf-config

TEXMFHOME=/home/She/texmf

VARTEXFONTS=/home/She/.texlive2017/texmf-var/fonts

TEXMF={{}/home/She/.texlive2017/texmf-config,/home/She/.texlive2017/texmf-var,/home/She/texmf,!!/usr/local/texlive/texmf-local,!!/usr/local/texlive//texmf-config,!!/usr/local/texlive//texmf-var,!!/usr/local/texlive//texmf-dist}

SYSTEXMF=/usr/local/texlive//texmf-var:/usr/local/texlive/texmf-local:/usr/local/texlive//texmf-dist

TEXMFDBS={!!/usr/local/texlive/texmf-local,!!/usr/local/texlive//texmf-config,!!/usr/local/texlive//texmf-var,!!/usr/local/texlive//texmf-dist}

WEB2C={{}/home/She/.texlive2017/texmf-config,/home/She/.texlive2017/texmf-var,/home/She/texmf,!!/usr/local/texlive/texmf-local,!!/usr/local/texlive//texmf-config,!!/usr/local/texlive//texmf-var,!!/usr/local/texlive//texmf-dist}/web2c

TEXPSHEADERS=.:{{}/home/She/.texlive2017/texmf-config,/home/She/.texlive2017/texmf-var,/home/She/texmf,!!/usr/local/texlive/texmf-local,!!/usr/local/texlive//texmf-config,!!/usr/local/texlive//texmf-var,!!/usr/local/texlive//texmf-dist}/{dvips,fonts/{enc,type1,type42,type3}}//

TEXCONFIG={{}/home/She/.texlive2017/texmf-config,/home/She/.texlive2017/texmf-var,/home/She/texmf,!!/usr/local/texlive/texmf-local,!!/usr/local/texlive//texmf-config,!!/usr/local/texlive//texmf-var,!!/usr/local/texlive//texmf-dist}/dvips//

ENCFONTS=.:{{}/home/She/.texlive2017/texmf-config,/home/She/.texlive2017/texmf-var,/home/She/texmf,!!/usr/local/texlive/texmf-local,!!/usr/local/texlive//texmf-config,!!/usr/local/texlive//texmf-var,!!/usr/local/texlive//texmf-dist}/fonts/enc//

TEXFONTMAPS=.:{{}/home/She/.texlive2017/texmf-config,/home/She/.texlive2017/texmf-var,/home/She/texmf,!!/usr/local/texlive/texmf-local,!!/usr/local/texlive//texmf-config,!!/usr/local/texlive//texmf-var,!!/usr/local/texlive//texmf-dist}/fonts/map/{kpsewhich,pdftex,dvips,}//

==== kpathsea variables from environment only (ok if no output here) ====
[...]$

小结：通过以上对比，起码有以下两种方法来查看 TexLive 的搜索路径是否正常：

（1）通过查看 kpsewhich --show-path=.sty 命令的返回结果来判断系统路径是否正常

# 错误的返回结果

[...]$ kpsewhich --show-path=.sty

/usr/local/texlive//texmf-dist/tex/latex/latexconfig

[...]$ kpsewhich minted.sty

[...]$

# 正确的返回结果

[...]$ kpsewhich --show-path=.sty

.:/home/She/.texlive2017/texmf-config/tex/kpsewhich//:/home/She/.texlive2017/texmf-var/tex/kpsewhich//:/home/She/texmf/tex/kpsewhich//:!!/usr/local/texlive/texmf-local/tex/kpsewhich//:!!/usr/local/texlive/2017/texmf-config/tex/kpsewhich//:!!/usr/local/texlive/2017/texmf-var/tex/kpsewhich//:!!/usr/local/texlive/2017/texmf-dist/tex/kpsewhich//:/home/She/.texlive2017/texmf-config/tex/generic//:/home/She/.texlive2017/texmf-var/tex/generic//:/home/She/texmf/tex/generic//:!!/usr/local/texlive/texmf-local/tex/generic//:!!/usr/local/texlive/2017/texmf-config/tex/generic//:!!/usr/local/texlive/2017/texmf-var/tex/generic//:!!/usr/local/texlive/2017/texmf-dist/tex/generic//:/home/She/.texlive2017/texmf-config/tex///:/home/She/.texlive2017/texmf-var/tex///:/home/She/texmf/tex///:!!/usr/local/texlive/texmf-local/tex///:!!/usr/local/texlive/2017/texmf-config/tex///:!!/usr/local/texlive/2017/texmf-var/tex///:!!/usr/local/texlive/2017/texmf-dist/tex///

[...]$ kpsewhich minted.sty

/usr/local/texlive//texmf-dist/tex/latex/minted/minted.sty
[...]$

（2）通过查看命令的返回结果来准确判断，各个变量的值必须要准确赋值，而且在最后一行的内容不能为空

[...]$ tlmgr conf

...

=========================== active config files ==========================

...

pdftexconfig.tex: /usr/local/texlive//texmf-dist/tex/generic/tex-ini-files/pdftexconfig.tex # pdftexconfig.tex的路径必须查询到，否则会出错

============================= font map files =============================

...

=========================== kpathsea variables ===========================

...

==== kpathsea variables from environment only (ok if no output here) ==== # 这一行之后列出的是冲突的系统变量名，如无，则一切正常；如有，则找到并注释掉它

TEXINPUTS=/usr/local/texlive//texmf-dist/tex/latex/latexconfig # 这里不能有冲突的系统变量，如有，则需要找到该变量的设置部分，并注释掉它或者删去它

更详细的 Kpathsea 有关的参数设置，可以查看TexLive 的官方说明文档：https://www.tug.org/texlive/doc/texlive-zh-cn/texlive-zh-cn.pdf。

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