变量命名

支持数字、字母、下划线

有效:foo_port, foo5
无效:foo-port, foo port, foo.port, 12

playbook定义

- hosts: webservers
vars:
http_port: 80

jinja2模板使用变量

My amp goes to {{ max_amp_value }}
template: src=foo.cfg.j2 dest={{ remote_install_path }}/foo.cfg

Jinja2 Filters

格式化数据

{{ some_variable | to_nice_json }}
{{ some_variable | to_nice_yaml }}

使用条件表达式

tasks:

  - shell: /usr/bin/foo
register: result
ignore_errors: True - debug: msg="it failed"
when: result|failed # in most cases you'll want a handler, but if you want to do something right now, this is nice
- debug: msg="it changed"
when: result|changed - debug: msg="it succeeded"
when: result|success - debug: msg="it was skipped"
when: result|skipped

强制变量定义

{{ variable | mandatory }}

变量默认值

{{ some_variable | default(5) }}

变量省略值

- name: touch files with an optional mode
file: dest={{item.path}} state=touch mode={{item.mode|default(omit)}}
with_items:
- path: /tmp/foo
- path: /tmp/bar
- path: /tmp/baz
mode: "0444"

列表

# 最小值
{{ list1 | min }}
# 最大值
{{ [3, 4, 2] | max }}
# 唯一值
{{ list1 | unique }}
# 并集
{{ list1 | union(list2) }}
# 交集
{{ list1 | intersect(list2) }}
# 补集(存在list1,不存在list2)
{{ list1 | difference(list2) }}
# 对称差集 (不同时存在每个列表)
{{ list1 | symmetric_difference(list2) }}

版本比较

{{ ansible_distribution_version | version_compare('12.04', '>=') }}

# <, lt, <=, le, >, gt, >=, ge, ==, =, eq, !=, <>, ne
# 版本分析strict=True,默认值false

随机数

{{ ['a','b','c']|random }} => 'c'
{{ 59 |random}} * * * * root /script/from/cron
{{ 100 |random(step=10) }} => 70
{{ 100 |random(1, 10) }} => 31
{{ 100 |random(start=1, step=10) }} => 51

洗牌(shuffle)

{{ ['a','b','c']|shuffle }} => ['c','a','b']
{{ ['a','b','c']|shuffle }} => ['b','c','a']

其他

# 列表转字符串
{{ list | join(" ") }} # 文件全路径
{{ path | basename }} # 目录全路径
{{ path | dirname }} # 用户目录(~)全路径
{{ path | expanduser }} # link的路径
{{ path | readlink }} # Base64加解密
{{ encoded | b64decode }}
{{ decoded | b64encode }} # 文件的sha1sum
{{ filename | sha1 }}

bool

- debug: msg=test
when: some_string_value | bool

正则

vars:
url: "http://example.com/users/foo/resources/bar" tasks:
- shell: "msg='matched pattern 1'"
when: url | match("http://example.com/users/.*/resources/.*") - debug: "msg='matched pattern 2'"
when: url | search("/users/.*/resources/.*") # convert "ansible" to "able"
{{ 'ansible' | regex_replace('^a.*i(.*)$', 'a\\1') }} # convert "foobar" to "bar"
{{ 'foobar' | regex_replace('^f.*o(.*)$', '\\1') }}
- hosts: app_servers
vars:
app_path: "{{ base_path }}/22"

Facts

'''bash

ansible hostname -m setup

{{ ansible_devices.sda.model }}

{{ ansible_hostname }}

'''

Turning Off Facts

- hosts: whatever
gather_facts: no

本地facts(自定义facts)

# /etc/ansible/facts.d/preferences.fact
[general]
asdf=1
bar=2 # 命令
ansible <hostname> -m setup -a "filter=ansible_local" # API
"ansible_local": {
"preferences": {
"general": {
"asdf" : "1",
"bar" : "2"
}
}
} # 引用
{{ ansible_local.preferences.general.asdf }} # 部署
- hosts: webservers
tasks:
- name: create directory for ansible custom facts
file: state=directory recurse=yes path=/etc/ansible/facts.d
- name: install custom impi fact
copy: src=ipmi.fact dest=/etc/ansible/facts.d
- name: re-read facts after adding custom fact
setup: filter=ansible_local

Fact Caching

{{ hostvars['asdf.example.com']['ansible_os_family'] }}

# /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg
[defaults]
fact_caching = redis
fact_caching_timeout = 86400
# seconds yum install redis
service redis start
pip install redis

Registered Variables

- hosts: web_servers

  tasks:

     - shell: /usr/bin/foo
register: foo_result
ignore_errors: True - shell: /usr/bin/bar
when: foo_result.rc == 5

Accessing Complex Variable Data

{{ ansible_eth0["ipv4"]["address"] }}
{{ ansible_eth0.ipv4.address }}
{{ foo[0] }}

Magic Variables, and How To Access Information About Other Hosts

{{ hostvars['test.example.com']['ansible_distribution'] }}

{% if 'webserver' in group_names %}
# some part of a configuration file that only applies to webservers
{% endif %} {% for host in groups['app_servers'] %}
# something that applies to all app servers.
{% endfor %} # example
{% for host in groups['app_servers'] %}
{{ hostvars[host]['ansible_eth0']['ipv4']['address'] }}
{% endfor %}

Variable File Separation

---

- hosts: all
remote_user: root
vars:
favcolor: blue
vars_files:
- /vars/external_vars.yml tasks: - name: this is just a placeholder
command: /bin/echo foo ---
# in the above example, this would be vars/external_vars.yml
somevar: somevalue
password: magic

Passing Variables On The Command Line

ansible-playbook release.yml --extra-vars "version=1.23.45 other_variable=foo"

#example
--- - hosts: '{{ hosts }}'
remote_user: '{{ user }}' tasks:
- ... ansible-playbook release.yml --extra-vars "hosts=vipers user=starbuck"
or
--extra-vars '{"pacman":"mrs","ghosts":["inky","pinky","clyde","sue"]}'
or
--extra-vars "@some_file.json"

Variable Precedence: Where Should I Put A Variable?

#组变量默认值在group_vars/all
---
# file: /etc/ansible/group_vars/all
# this is the site wide default
ntp_server: default-time.example.com # 组变量,覆盖组默认变量
---
# file: /etc/ansible/group_vars/boston
ntp_server: boston-time.example.com # 主机变量,覆盖组变量
---
# file: /etc/ansible/host_vars/xyz.boston.example.com
ntp_server: override.example.com

role variable precedence

---
# file: roles/x/defaults/main.yml
# if not overridden in inventory or as a parameter, this is the value that will be used
http_port: 80 # 不能覆盖默认值
---
# file: roles/x/vars/main.yml
# this will absolutely be used in this role
http_port: 80 # 使用这种方式覆盖默认值
roles:
- { name: apache, http_port: 8080 } roles:
- { role: app_user, name: Ian }
- { role: app_user, name: Terry }
- { role: app_user, name: Graham }
- { role: app_user, name: John } # roles/common/vars/main.yml
roles:
- { role: common_settings }
- { role: something, foo: 12 }
- { role: something_else }

ansible使用5-Variables的更多相关文章

  1. ansible 配置文件设置

    目录 ansible 配置文件设置 一.ansible configuration settings 二.ansible 配置文件查找顺序(从上到下,依次查找) 三.附录ansible配置参数 ans ...

  2. Ansible@一个高效的配置管理工具--Ansible configure management--翻译(三)

    未经书面许可.请勿转载 一张图简单概括 Simple Playbooks Ansible is useful as a command-line tool for making small chang ...

  3. Ansible--Ansible之Playbook

    Ansible之Playbook Playbook介绍 playbook参考文档 Playbook与ad-hoc相比,是一种完全不同的运用ansible的方式,类似与saltstack的state状态 ...

  4. Ansible Playbook Variables

    虽然自动化存在使得更容易使事情重复,但所有的系统可能不完全一样. 在某些系统上,您可能需要设置一些与其他操作略有不同的行为或配置. 此外,一些观察到的远程系统的行为或状态可能需要影响如何配置这些系统. ...

  5. useful Ansible commands

    This article includes some useful Ansible commands. I will try to write blogs by English. You may wa ...

  6. Ansible学习笔记

    一.Ansible简介 Ansible是一种agentless(基于ssh),可实现批量配置.命令执行和控制,基于Python实现的自动化运维工具. 其特性有: ①模块化:通过调用相关模块,完成指定任 ...

  7. ansible模块debug

    示例: # Example that prints the loopback address and gateway for each host - debug: msg="System { ...

  8. ansible的使用技巧

    #查看ansible的帮助 $ ansible -h   #ansible 指定不通的模块执行 $ ansible -i /etc/ansible/hosts  docker -u root -m c ...

  9. Ansible之playbook

    简介 playbook是一个非常简单的配置管理和多主机部署系统.可作为一个适合部署复杂应用程序的基础.playbook可以定制配置,可以按指定的操作步骤有序执行,支持同步和异步方式.playbook是 ...

  10. ansible的playbook组件

    playbook的核心元素: tasks: 任务 variables: 变量 templates: 模板 handlers: 处理器 roles: 角色 组织格式:YAML(被称为另外一种标记语言) ...

随机推荐

  1. springboot整合dubbo注解方式

    工程结构: 主pom <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns=" ...

  2. springcloud系列三 搭建服务模块

    搭建服务模块为了模拟正式开发环境,只是少写了service层直接在controller里面直接引用,直接上图和代码:更为方便: 创建完成之后加入配置: pom.xml文件: <?xml vers ...

  3. 小a与黄金街道(欧拉函数+快速幂)

    链接:https://ac.nowcoder.com/acm/contest/317/D 来源:牛客网 题目描述 小a和小b来到了一条布满了黄金的街道上.它们想要带几块黄金回去,然而这里的城管担心他们 ...

  4. Experimental Educational Round: VolBIT Formulas Blitz J

    Description IT City company developing computer games invented a new way to reward its employees. Af ...

  5. powershell和cmd区别

    Powershell是cmd的超集,换句话说,cmd能做的事情,Powershell都能做,但是Powershell还能额外做许多cmd不能做的活. 主要是系统管理功能.脚本语言和在线帮助更强大,你确 ...

  6. git 合并某个提交commit到指定的分支上

    https://blog.csdn.net/anhenzhufeng/article/details/77962943 git checkout master git cherry-pick 62ec ...

  7. 搭建 flask 应用

    参考文档:http://docs.jinkan.org/docs/flask/quickstart.html#a-minimal-application 1.使用Pycharm创建Flask应用 fr ...

  8. docker基本命令日志

    docker run - Run a command in a new container 启动一个新的容器,一般在docker pull之后首次运行此image -i 保持stdout打开 -t 打 ...

  9. 24-----BBS论坛

    BBS论坛(二十四) 24.1.编辑板块 cms/js/banners.js $(function () { $('.edit-board-btn').click(function () { var ...

  10. mysql查看sql语句的设置

    SHOW VARIABLES LIKE "general_log%"; SET GLOBAL general_log_file = 'D:\\mysql.log'; SET GLO ...