android基础控件的使用

控件在屏幕上位置的确定

通常情况下控件在屏幕上确定至少要连接两条线（一条水平，一条垂直）
如下图连接了四条线

辅助线

辅助线的调出：
水平辅助线：进入activity.xml的设计模式之后如下图

为了尽量满足不同屏幕的适配，在做ui的时候应当多使用辅助线，将辅助线调整到屏幕的百分比模式

tips:控件的线可以连接在辅助线上

如果要一个控件处于一条辅助线的中间可以将控件的上下两条线连在一条辅助线上

TextView

普通文本的载体

效果图：

plain Text

效果图：

左右各空出距离连线边界32dp

hint可以设置出现的提示（请输入数字）

Button

效果图：

checkbox

复选框（可以选择多个）

效果图：

复选框水平对齐技巧：

1、同时选中多个复选框

2、对齐

3、串联起来

4、只需要连接其中一个，其它的自动对齐，以为是串联的

switch

ImageView

放图片的容器
tips:调整图片大小

如果是做图标的可以调成80dp之后修改比例

调整比例：

一直点击出现左上角斜线

点击斜线：

radioGroup

radioGroup常和radioButton结合使用可以实现一个单选的效果

默认打对勾：

ProgressBar

手机app加载的过渡动画

：



：

将indeterminate设为true就会无限水平滚动





不将indeterminate设为true可以通过输入框和按钮实现进度的设置例如：

SeekBar

类似于进度条可以自由滑动





这种SeekBar有设定好的滑动位置只能滑动到之前设定好的位置

ratingBar

类似于外卖的评分：

Demo

MainActivity.java

package com.zyb.uidemo;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.text.TextUtils;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.CheckBox;
import android.widget.CompoundButton;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.ProgressBar;
import android.widget.RadioGroup;
import android.widget.RatingBar;
import android.widget.SeekBar;
import android.widget.Switch;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    TextView showText;
    Button leftButton,rightButton,confirmButton;
    Switch aSwitch;
    ProgressBar progressBar;
    EditText editText;
    RadioGroup radioGroup;
    ImageView imageView;
    SeekBar seekBar;
    CheckBox chin,math,eng;
    String c="",m="",e="";
    RatingBar ratingBar;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        showText = findViewById(R.id.textView2);
        leftButton = findViewById(R.id.button);
        rightButton = findViewById(R.id.button2);
        confirmButton = findViewById(R.id.button3);
        aSwitch = findViewById(R.id.switch1);
        progressBar = findViewById(R.id.progressBar4);
        editText = findViewById(R.id.editText2);
        radioGroup = findViewById(R.id.radioGroup);
        imageView = findViewById(R.id.imageView);
        seekBar = findViewById(R.id.seekBar3);
        chin = findViewById(R.id.checkBox4);
        math = findViewById(R.id.checkBox5);
        eng = findViewById(R.id.checkBox6);
        ratingBar = findViewById(R.id.ratingBar);

        leftButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                showText.setText(R.string.leftButton);
            }
        });

        rightButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                showText.setText(R.string.rightButton);
            }
        });

        aSwitch.setOnCheckedChangeListener(new CompoundButton.OnCheckedChangeListener() {
            @Override
            public void onCheckedChanged(CompoundButton buttonView, boolean isChecked) {
                if(isChecked){
                    showText.setText(R.string.on);
                }else{
                    showText.setText(R.string.off);
                }
            }
        });

        confirmButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                String numText=editText.getText().toString();
                if(TextUtils.isEmpty(numText)){
                    numText = "0";
                }else if(!TextUtils.isDigitsOnly(numText)){
                    showText.setText(R.string.errorinput);
                    return;
                }
                progressBar.setProgress(Integer.valueOf(numText));
                showText.setText(numText);
            }
        });

        radioGroup.setOnCheckedChangeListener(new RadioGroup.OnCheckedChangeListener() {
            @Override
            public void onCheckedChanged(RadioGroup group, int checkedId) {
                if(checkedId==R.id.radioButton3){
                    imageView.setImageResource(R.drawable.android);
                }else{
                    imageView.setImageResource(R.drawable.apple);
                }
            }
        });

        seekBar.setOnSeekBarChangeListener(new SeekBar.OnSeekBarChangeListener() {
            @Override
            public void onProgressChanged(SeekBar seekBar, int progress, boolean fromUser) {
                showText.setText(progress+"");
            }

            @Override
            public void onStartTrackingTouch(SeekBar seekBar) {

            }

            @Override
            public void onStopTrackingTouch(SeekBar seekBar) {

            }
        });

        chin.setOnCheckedChangeListener(new CompoundButton.OnCheckedChangeListener() {
            @Override
            public void onCheckedChanged(CompoundButton buttonView, boolean isChecked) {
                if(isChecked){
                    c = "语文";
                }else{
                    c = "";
                }showText.setText(c+m+e);
            }

        });

        eng.setOnCheckedChangeListener(new CompoundButton.OnCheckedChangeListener() {
            @Override
            public void onCheckedChanged(CompoundButton buttonView, boolean isChecked) {
                if(isChecked){
                    e = "英语";
                }else{
                    e = "";
                }showText.setText(c+m+e);
            }

        });

        math.setOnCheckedChangeListener(new CompoundButton.OnCheckedChangeListener() {
            @Override
            public void onCheckedChanged(CompoundButton buttonView, boolean isChecked) {
                if(isChecked){
                    m = "数学";
                }else{
                    m = "";
                }showText.setText(c+m+e);
            }

        });

        ratingBar.setOnRatingBarChangeListener(new RatingBar.OnRatingBarChangeListener() {
            @Override
            public void onRatingChanged(RatingBar ratingBar, float rating, boolean fromUser) {
                Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),rating+"星评价",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT);
            }
        });

    }
}

activity_main.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <RadioGroup
        android:id="@+id/radioGroup"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/guideline10"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf="@+id/guideline5"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@+id/guideline10">

        <RadioButton
            android:id="@+id/radioButton3"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:checked="true"
            android:text="@string/radiobutton1" />

        <RadioButton
            android:id="@+id/radioButton4"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="@string/radiobutton2" />
    </RadioGroup>

    <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Guideline
        android:id="@+id/guideline6"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        app:layout_constraintGuide_percent="0.24" />

    <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Guideline
        android:id="@+id/guideline4"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        app:layout_constraintGuide_percent="0.15" />

    <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Guideline
        android:id="@+id/guideline3"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        app:layout_constraintGuide_percent="0.04" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/textView2"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="@string/show_operate"
        android:textSize="30sp"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@+id/guideline3" />

    <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Guideline
        android:id="@+id/guideline5"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="vertical"
        app:layout_constraintGuide_percent="0.5" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="@string/leftButton"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/guideline4"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf="@+id/guideline5"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@+id/guideline4" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button2"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="@string/rightButton"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/guideline4"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="@+id/guideline5"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@+id/guideline4" />

    <Switch
        android:id="@+id/switch1"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="@string/on_off"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/guideline6"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@+id/guideline6" />

    <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Guideline
        android:id="@+id/guideline7"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        app:layout_constraintGuide_percent="0.31" />

    <ProgressBar
        android:id="@+id/progressBar"
        style="?android:attr/progressBarStyle"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/guideline7"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf="@+id/guideline5"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@+id/guideline7" />

    <ProgressBar
        android:id="@+id/progressBar3"
        style="?android:attr/progressBarStyleHorizontal"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:indeterminate="true"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/guideline7"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="@+id/guideline5"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@+id/guideline7" />

    <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Guideline
        android:id="@+id/guideline8"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        app:layout_constraintGuide_percent="0.4" />

    <ProgressBar
        android:id="@+id/progressBar4"
        style="?android:attr/progressBarStyleHorizontal"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/guideline8"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.498"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@+id/guideline8"
        app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.375" />

    <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Guideline
        android:id="@+id/guideline9"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        app:layout_constraintGuide_percent="0.47" />

    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/editText2"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginStart="32dp"
        android:layout_marginEnd="32dp"
        android:autofillHints=""
        android:ems="10"
        android:hint="@string/input_num"
        android:inputType="number"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/guideline9"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf="@+id/guideline5"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@+id/guideline9"
        tools:targetApi="o" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/button3"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="@string/ensureButton"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/guideline9"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="@+id/guideline5"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@+id/guideline9" />

    <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Guideline
        android:id="@+id/guideline10"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        app:layout_constraintGuide_percent="0.59" />

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/imageView"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="80dp"
        android:contentDescription="@string/image_value"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/guideline10"
        app:layout_constraintDimensionRatio="w,1:1"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="@+id/guideline5"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@+id/guideline10"
        app:srcCompat="@drawable/android" />

    <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Guideline
        android:id="@+id/guideline11"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        app:layout_constraintGuide_percent="0.73" />

    <CheckBox
        android:id="@+id/checkBox4"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="@string/chineseCheckbox"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/guideline11"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf="@+id/checkBox5"
        app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.5"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@+id/guideline11" />

    <CheckBox
        android:id="@+id/checkBox5"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="@string/mathCheckBox"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="@+id/checkBox4"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toStartOf="@+id/checkBox6"
        app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.5"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toEndOf="@+id/checkBox4"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@+id/checkBox4" />

    <CheckBox
        android:id="@+id/checkBox6"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="@string/englishCheckBox"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toBottomOf="@+id/checkBox5"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.5"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toEndOf="@+id/checkBox5"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@+id/checkBox5" />

    <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Guideline
        android:id="@+id/guideline12"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        app:layout_constraintGuide_percent="0.9" />

    <RatingBar
        android:id="@+id/ratingBar"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/guideline12"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintHorizontal_bias="0.497"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@+id/guideline12"
        app:layout_constraintVertical_bias="0.0" />

    <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.Guideline
        android:id="@+id/guideline13"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="horizontal"
        app:layout_constraintGuide_percent="0.82" />

    <SeekBar
        android:id="@+id/seekBar3"
        android:layout_width="0dp"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        app:layout_constraintBottom_toTopOf="@+id/guideline13"
        app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent"
        app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="@+id/guideline13" />

</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

strings.xml

<resources>
    <string name="app_name">UiDemo</string>
    <string name="show_operate">初始</string>
    <string name="leftButton">左边</string>
    <string name="rightButton">右边</string>
    <string name="on_off">开关</string>
    <string name="on">开</string>
    <string name="off">关</string>
    <string name="errorinput">无效输入</string>
    <string name="input_num">请输入数字</string>
    <string name="ensureButton">确定</string>
    <string name="radiobutton1">android</string>
    <string name="radiobutton2">apple</string>
    <string name="chineseCheckbox">语文</string>
    <string name="mathCheckBox">数学</string>
    <string name="englishCheckBox">英语</string>
    <string name="image_value">image_value</string>

</resources>

效果图：



实机运行：