一则关于控制文件全部丢失后如何重新编目RMAN元数据的简单实验
主题：一则简单的RMAN元数据编目实验，来自于博客园AskScuti。
场景：RMAN备份完整情况下，未使用Catalog目录库。删除了所有的控制文件，在手工重建后，导致记录在控制文件中的RMAN备份元数据丢失。
目录
1. RMAN备份
2. 删除所有控制文件
3. 重建控制文件
4. 重新编目元数据
5. 验证可用性
1. RMAN备份
更改RMAN控制文件自动全备选项（建议开启）
RMAN> show all; using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
RMAN configuration parameters for database with db_unique_name PROD1 are:
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 1; # default
CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION OFF; # default
CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP OFF; # default
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '%F'; # default
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 1 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET; # default
CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE OFF; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128'; # default
CONFIGURE COMPRESSION ALGORITHM 'BASIC' AS OF RELEASE 'DEFAULT' OPTIMIZE FOR LOAD TRUE ; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE; # default
CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/snapcf_PROD1.f'; # default RMAN> CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON; new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored
RMAN进行全备
RMAN> backup database format '/u01/app/oracle/backup/%U_%s_%d.full.bak'; Starting backup at 2019-05-22 12:34:33
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=44 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00010 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/aaa02.dbf
input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/example01.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00008 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/tbs_c01.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/users01.dbf
input datafile file number=00009 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/aaa01.dbf
input datafile file number=00006 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/abc01.dbf
input datafile file number=00007 name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/abcd01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2019-05-22 12:34:34
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2019-05-22 12:35:11
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/backup/01u26b2p_1_1_1_PROD1.full.bak tag=TAG20190522T123433 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:38
Finished backup at 2019-05-22 12:35:12 Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2019-05-22 12:35:12
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD1/autobackup/2019_05_22/o1_mf_s_1008938112_gg9nd0oc_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 2019-05-22 12:35:13
查看RMAN备份集
RMAN> list backup; List of Backup Sets
=================== BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ----- ----------- ------------ -------------------
1 Full 1.70G DISK 00:00:37 2019-05-22 12:35:10
BP Key: 1 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20190522T123433
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/backup/01u26b2p_1_1_1_PROD1.full.bak
List of Datafiles in backup set 1
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----
1 Full 1757718 2019-05-22 12:34:34 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/system01.dbf
2 Full 1757718 2019-05-22 12:34:34 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/sysaux01.dbf
3 Full 1757718 2019-05-22 12:34:34 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/undotbs01.dbf
4 Full 1757718 2019-05-22 12:34:34 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/users01.dbf
5 Full 1757718 2019-05-22 12:34:34 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/example01.dbf
6 Full 1757718 2019-05-22 12:34:34 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/abc01.dbf
7 Full 1757718 2019-05-22 12:34:34 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/abcd01.dbf
8 Full 1757718 2019-05-22 12:34:34 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/tbs_c01.dbf
9 Full 1757718 2019-05-22 12:34:34 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/aaa01.dbf
10 Full 1757718 2019-05-22 12:34:34 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/aaa02.dbf BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ----- ----------- ------------ -------------------
2 Full 9.36M DISK 00:00:00 2019-05-22 12:35:12
BP Key: 2 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20190522T123512
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD1/autobackup/2019_05_22/o1_mf_s_1008938112_gg9nd0oc_.bkp
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 2019-05-22 11:54:09
SPFILE db_unique_name: PROD1
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 1757737 Ckp time: 2019-05-22 12:35:12
2. 删除所有控制文件
删除当前系统所有控制文件
SQL> select name from v$controlfile; NAME
-----------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/control01.ctl
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/control02.ctl
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/control03.ctl
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/control04.ctl
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/control05.ctl
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/control06.ctl
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/control07.ctl
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/control08.ctl 8 rows selected. SQL> !rm -rf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/*.ctl SQL> startup force;
ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 830930944 bytes
Fixed Size 2232920 bytes
Variable Size 591400360 bytes
Database Buffers 234881024 bytes
Redo Buffers 2416640 bytes
ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info
3. 重建控制文件
重启失败，手工重建控制文件。重建前，请确认好所有数据文件、日志文件具体路径。如果之前没有单独备份控制文件，可参考官方文档11g Release 2 (11.2) Database Backup and Recovery User's Guide：To create a new control file and recover the database 语句进行重建。
手工编写脚本
STARTUP NOMOUNT
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "PROD1" RESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 8
MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/redo01.log' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
GROUP 2 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/redo02.log' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
GROUP 3 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/redo03.log' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512
-- STANDBY LOGFILE
DATAFILE
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/system01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/sysaux01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/undotbs01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/users01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/example01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/abc01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/abcd01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/tbs_c01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/aaa01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/aaa02.dbf'
CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8
;
运行脚本
SQL> shutdown abort;
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> @con.sql Control file created.
注意：控制文件会根据参数文件里面指定的具体路径被重新创建，但是，因为SCN号与数据文件不同，所以无法直接打开，也就是需要恢复Recover。
直接打开会报错
SQL> alter database open;
alter database open
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01113: file 1 needs media recovery
ORA-01110: data file 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/system01.dbf'
动态性能视图 v$recover_file 里面记录了需要恢复的所有数据文件
SQL> select * from v$recover_file;
进行恢复：由于控制文件被重建，所以恢复必须使用 using backup controlfile 语句进行恢复，且必须以 resetlogs 方式打开数据库。
SQL> recover database using backup controlfile;
ORA-00279: change 1757718 generated at 05/22/2019 12:34:34 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/app/oracle/archive1/1_67_1001001677.dbf
ORA-00280: change 1757718 for thread 1 is in sequence #67 Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
auto
ORA-00308: cannot open archived log '/u01/app/oracle/archive1/1_67_1001001677.dbf'
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3 ORA-00308: cannot open archived log '/u01/app/oracle/archive1/1_67_1001001677.dbf'
ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3
这时候自动应用归档的时候提示错误，是因为，没有此归档（没有生成），介质恢复需要用的数据应该在日志文件里面，尝试下
SQL> recover database using backup controlfile;
ORA-00279: change 1757718 generated at 05/22/2019 12:34:34 needed for thread 1
ORA-00289: suggestion : /u01/app/oracle/archive1/1_67_1001001677.dbf
ORA-00280: change 1757718 for thread 1 is in sequence #67 Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/redo01.log
Log applied.
Media recovery complete.
证明需要恢复的数据是在 redo01.dbf 在线日志文件中，因此完成了恢复。
最后，以 resetlogs 方式打开数据库
SQL> alter database open resetlogs; Database altered.
4. 重新编目元数据
此时连接 RMAN ，运行命令 list backup; 是没有任何元数据信息的。因为之前存在控制文件中，但是由于被删除，后手工重建，所以元数据丢失。
[oracle@henry ~]$ rman target / Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed May 22 13:05:02 2019 Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. connected to target database: PROD1 (DBID=2222344843) RMAN> list backup; using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
specification does not match any backup in the repository
接下来，找到之前RMAN的备份片，进行重新编目（手工注册）
RMAN> catalog backuppiece '/u01/app/oracle/backup/01u26b2p_1_1_1_PROD1.full.bak'; cataloged backup piece
backup piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/backup/01u26b2p_1_1_1_PROD1.full.bak RECID=1 STAMP=1008940142 RMAN> catalog backuppiece '/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD1/autobackup/2019_05_22/o1_mf_s_1008938112_gg9nd0oc_.bkp'; cataloged backup piece
backup piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD1/autobackup/2019_05_22/o1_mf_s_1008938112_gg9nd0oc_.bkp RECID=2 STAMP=1008940181
这时候，再次运行 list backup;命令即可显示
RMAN> list backup; List of Backup Sets
=================== BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ----- ----------- ------------ -------------------
1 Full 1.70G DISK 00:00:00 2019-05-22 12:34:33
BP Key: 1 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20190522T123433
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/backup/01u26b2p_1_1_1_PROD1.full.bak
List of Datafiles in backup set 1
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- ------------------- ----
1 Full 1757718 2019-05-22 12:34:34 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/system01.dbf
2 Full 1757718 2019-05-22 12:34:34 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/sysaux01.dbf
3 Full 1757718 2019-05-22 12:34:34 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/undotbs01.dbf
4 Full 1757718 2019-05-22 12:34:34 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/users01.dbf
5 Full 1757718 2019-05-22 12:34:34 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/example01.dbf
6 Full 1757718 2019-05-22 12:34:34 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/abc01.dbf
7 Full 1757718 2019-05-22 12:34:34 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/abcd01.dbf
8 Full 1757718 2019-05-22 12:34:34 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/tbs_c01.dbf
9 Full 1757718 2019-05-22 12:34:34 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/aaa01.dbf
10 Full 1757718 2019-05-22 12:34:34 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/aaa02.dbf BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ----- ----------- ------------ -------------------
2 Full 9.36M DISK 00:00:00 2019-05-22 12:35:12
BP Key: 2 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20190522T123512
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/PROD1/autobackup/2019_05_22/o1_mf_s_1008938112_gg9nd0oc_.bkp
SPFILE Included: Modification time: 2019-05-22 11:54:09
SPFILE db_unique_name: PROD1
Control File Included: Ckp SCN: 1757737 Ckp time: 2019-05-22 12:35:12
5. 验证可用性
验证下可用性，手工直接删除某数据文件，并重启
SQL> select name from v$datafile; NAME
--------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/system01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/sysaux01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/undotbs01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/users01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/example01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/abc01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/abcd01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/tbs_c01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/aaa01.dbf
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/aaa02.dbf 10 rows selected. SQL> !rm -rf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/abc01.dbf SQL> startup force;
ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 830930944 bytes
Fixed Size 2232920 bytes
Variable Size 591400360 bytes
Database Buffers 234881024 bytes
Redo Buffers 2416640 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 6 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 6: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/abc01.dbf'
报错后，通过RMAN进行6号文件的还原与恢复
[oracle@henry ~]$ rman target / Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed May 22 13:11:18 2019 Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. connected to target database: PROD1 (DBID=2222344843, not open) RMAN> restore datafile 6; Starting restore at 2019-05-22 13:11:40
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=20 device type=DISK channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00006 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD1/abc01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/backup/01u26b2p_1_1_1_PROD1.full.bak
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/backup/01u26b2p_1_1_1_PROD1.full.bak tag=TAG20190522T123433
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished restore at 2019-05-22 13:11:42 RMAN> recover datafile 6; Starting recover at 2019-05-22 13:11:49
using channel ORA_DISK_1 starting media recovery archived log for thread 1 with sequence 67 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/archive1/1_67_1001001677.dbf
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/archive1/1_67_1001001677.dbf thread=1 sequence=67
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
Finished recover at 2019-05-22 13:11:49
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