平台:Qemu + vexpress-a9
u-boot:u-boot-2019.10
Linux:linux-4.14.13
 
    之前介绍过用Qemu模拟运行uboot,然后从网络启动linux(用Qemu模拟vexpress-a9 (三)--- 实现用u-boot引导Linux内核),下面介绍用Qemu运行uboot,然后将存放在虚拟出来的SD卡里加载linux kernel、设备树,并运行。
    

一、编译uboot

    下载最新的uboot,编译vexpress-a9:
  1. make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- vexpress_ca9x4_defconfig
  2. make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- menuconfig
  3. make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- -j8
    得到编译生成的u-boot

二、编译linux内核

  1. cross_compile=arm-linux-gnueabihf-
  2. make CROSS_COMPILE=$cross_compile ARCH=arm vexpress_defconfig
  3. make CROSS_COMPILE=$cross_compile ARCH=arm menuconfig
  4. make CROSS_COMPILE=$cross_compile ARCH=arm zImage -j4
  5. make CROSS_COMPILE=$cross_compile ARCH=arm dtbs

三、制作SD卡镜像

1、生成一个空的SD卡镜像
  1. dd if=/dev/zero of=uboot.disk bs=1M count=
2、创建GPT分区,下面创建了两个分区,一个用来存放kernel和设备树,另一个存放根文件系统
  1. sgdisk -n ::+10M -c :kernel uboot.disk
  2. sgdisk -n :: -c :rootfs uboot.disk
查看分区:
  1. $ sgdisk -p uboot.disk
  2. Disk uboot.disk: sectors, 1024.0 MiB
  3. Sector size (logical): bytes
  4. Disk identifier (GUID): 04963A5B-34CF-4DEE-B610-F40257C45F6D
  5. Partition table holds up to entries
  6. Main partition table begins at sector and ends at sector
  7. First usable sector is , last usable sector is
  8. Partitions will be aligned on -sector boundaries
  9. Total free space is sectors (1007.0 KiB)
  10.  
  11. Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name
  12. 10.0 MiB kernel
  13. 1013.0 MiB rootfs
3、寻找一个空闲的loop设备
  1. $ losetup -f
  2. /dev/loop16
4、将SD卡镜像映射到loop设备上
  1. sudo losetup /dev/loop16 uboot.disk
  2. sudo partprobe /dev/loop16
此时会看到/dev/loop16p1和/dev/loop16p2两个节点
5、格式化
  1. sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/loop16p1
  2. sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/loop16p2
6、挂载
  1. sudo mount -t ext4 /dev/loop16p1 p1/
  2. sudo mount -t ext4 /dev/loop16p2 p2/
7、拷贝文件
  1. sudo cp linux-4.14./arch/arm/boot/zImage p1/
  2. sudo cp linux-4.14./arch/arm/boot/dts/vexpress-v2*.dtb p1/
  3. sudo cp -raf ../rootfs/rootfs/* ./p2
8、umount
  1. sudo umount p1 p2
  2. sudo losetup -d /dev/loop16
 

四、启动uboot

  1. uboot_image=./u-boot-2019.10/u-boot
  2. qemu_path=/home/pengdl/work/Qemu/qemu-4.1./build/arm-softmmu
  3.  
  4. ${qemu_path}/qemu-system-arm \
  5. -M vexpress-a9 \
  6. -m 1024M \
  7. -smp \
  8. -nographic \
  9. -kernel ${uboot_image} \
  10. -sd ./uboot.disk
启动log
  1. U-Boot 2019.10-g61a73d0f-dirty (Jan - :: +)
  2.  
  3. DRAM: GiB
  4. WARNING: Caches not enabled
  5. Flash: MiB
  6. MMC: MMC:
  7. *** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment
  8.  
  9. In: serial
  10. Out: serial
  11. Err: serial
  12. Net: smc911x-
  13. Hit any key to stop autoboot:
默认SD卡就是出于可用状态,也可以用下面的命令查看:
  1. => mmc dev
  2. switch to partitions #, OK
  3. mmc0 is current device
  4. => mmc info
  5. Device: MMC
  6. Manufacturer ID: aa
  7. OEM:
  8. Name: QEMU!
  9. Bus Speed:
  10. Mode: SD Legacy
  11. Rd Block Len:
  12. SD version 2.0
  13. High Capacity: No
  14. Capacity: GiB
  15. Bus Width: -bit
  16. Erase Group Size: Bytes
查看分区内容:
  1. => part list mmc
  2. Partition Map for MMC device -- Partition Type: EFI
  3. Part Start LBA End LBA Name
  4. Attributes
  5. Type GUID
  6. Partition GUID
  7. 0x00000800 0x000057ff "kernel"
  8. attrs: 0x0000000000000000
  9. type: 0fc63daf---8e79-3d69d8477de4
  10. guid: 0de91381-f36c-4ed7-97d9-2fd234dcef93
  11. 0x00005800 0x001fffde "rootfs"
  12. attrs: 0x0000000000000000
  13. type: 0fc63daf---8e79-3d69d8477de4
  14. guid: 6b0004e2-26a1-428e-abfc-f3a648e7419e
  15. => ls mmc : 或者 ext4ls mmc :
  16. <DIR> .
  17. <DIR> ..
  18. <DIR> lost+found
  19. zImage
  20. vexpress-v2p-ca15_a7.dtb
  21. vexpress-v2p-ca15-tc1.dtb
  22. vexpress-v2p-ca5s.dtb
  23. vexpress-v2p-ca9.dtb
  24. => ls mmc : 或者 ext4ls mmc :
  25. <DIR> .
  26. <DIR> ..
  27. <DIR> lost+found
  28. <DIR> bin
  29. <DIR> dev
  30. <DIR> etc
  31. <DIR> home
  32. <DIR> include
  33. <SYM> init
  34. <DIR> lib
  35. <SYM> linuxrc
  36. <DIR> proc
  37. <DIR> root
  38. <DIR> sbin
  39. <DIR> share
  40. <DIR> sys
  41. <DIR> tmp
  42. <DIR> usr
  43. <DIR> var
  44. .ash_history
 

五、加载kernel、设备树

  1. => load mmc : 0x60008000 zImage 或者ext4load mmc : 0x60008000 zImage
  2. bytes read in ms (7.1 MiB/s)
  3. => load mmc : 0x61000000 vexpress-v2p-ca9.dtb 或者 ext4load mmc : 0x61000000 vexpress-v2p-ca9.dtb
  4. bytes read in ms (213.9 KiB/s)
 

六、设置bootargs

  1. setenv bootargs 'root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw rootfstype=ext4 rootwait earlycon console=tty0 console=ttyAMA0 init=/linuxrc ignore_loglevel'
 

七、引导内核

  1. => bootz 0x60008000 - 0x61000000

八、启动信息

  1. => bootz 0x60008000 - 0x61000000
  2. Kernel image @ 0x60008000 [ 0x000000 - 0x7532d0 ]
  3. ## Flattened Device Tree blob at
  4. Booting using the fdt blob at 0x61000000
  5. Loading Device Tree to 7fe82000, end 7fe8898f ... OK
  6.  
  7. Starting kernel ...
  8.  
  9. Uncompressing Linux... done, booting the kernel.
  10. [ 0.000000] Booting Linux on physical CPU 0x0
  11. [ 0.000000] Linux version 4.14.+ (pengdl@pengdl-dell) (gcc version 7.3. [linaro-7.3-2018.05 revision d29120a424ecfbc167ef90065c0eeb7f91977701] (Linaro GCC 7.3-2018.05)) # SMP Mon Jan :: CST
  12. [ 0.000000] CPU: ARMv7 Processor [410fc090] revision (ARMv7), cr=10c5387d
  13. [ 0.000000] CPU: PIPT / VIPT nonaliasing data cache, VIPT nonaliasing instruction cache
  14. [ 0.000000] OF: fdt: Machine model: V2P-CA9
  15. [ 0.000000] param_setup_earlycon enter, buf: (null)
  16. [ 0.000000] earlycon: pl11 at MMIO 0x10009000 (options '115200n8')
  17. [ 0.000000] bootconsole [pl11] enabled
  18. [ 0.000000] param_setup_earlycon enter, buf: tty0
  19. [ 0.000000] param_setup_earlycon enter, buf: ttyAMA0
  20. [ 0.000000] debug: ignoring loglevel setting.
  21. [ 0.000000] Memory policy: Data cache writeback
  22. [ 0.000000] On node totalpages:
  23. [ 0.000000] free_area_init_node: node , pgdat 80d5f300, node_mem_map bf7f9000
  24. [ 0.000000] Normal zone: pages used for memmap
  25. [ 0.000000] Normal zone: pages reserved
  26. [ 0.000000] Normal zone: pages, LIFO batch:
  27. [ 0.000000] CPU: All CPU(s) started in SVC mode.
  28. [ 0.000000] random: fast init done
  29. [ 0.000000] percpu: Embedded pages/cpu @bf7ac000 s36428 r8192 d20916 u65536
  30. [ 0.000000] pcpu-alloc: s36428 r8192 d20916 u65536 alloc=*
  31. [ 0.000000] pcpu-alloc: [] [] [] []
  32. [ 0.000000] Built zonelists, mobility grouping on. Total pages:
  33. [ 0.000000] Kernel command line: root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw rootfstype=ext4 rootwait earlycon console=tty0 console=ttyAMA0 init=/linuxrc ignore_loglevel
  34. [ 0.000000] console_setup enter, str: tty0
  35. [ 0.000000] console_setup enter, str: ttyAMA0
  36. [ 0.000000] log_buf_len individual max cpu contribution: bytes
  37. [ 0.000000] log_buf_len total cpu_extra contributions: bytes
  38. [ 0.000000] log_buf_len min size: bytes
  39. [ 0.000000] log_buf_len: bytes
  40. [ 0.000000] early log buf free: (%)
  41. [ 0.000000] PID hash table entries: (order: , bytes)
  42. [ 0.000000] Dentry cache hash table entries: (order: , bytes)
  43. [ 0.000000] Inode-cache hash table entries: (order: , bytes)
  44. [ 0.000000] Memory: 1026280K/1048576K available (6144K kernel code, 439K rwdata, 1456K rodata, 4096K init, 170K bss, 22296K reserved, 0K cma-reserved)
  45. [ 0.000000] Virtual kernel memory layout:
  46. [ 0.000000] vector : 0xffff0000 - 0xffff1000 ( kB)
  47. [ 0.000000] fixmap : 0xffc00000 - 0xfff00000 ( kB)
  48. [ 0.000000] vmalloc : 0xc0800000 - 0xff800000 ( MB)
  49. [ 0.000000] lowmem : 0x80000000 - 0xc0000000 ( MB)
  50. [ 0.000000] modules : 0x7f000000 - 0x80000000 ( MB)
  51. [ 0.000000] .text : 0x80008000 - 0x80700000 ( kB)
  52. [ 0.000000] .init : 0x80900000 - 0x80d00000 ( kB)
  53. [ 0.000000] .data : 0x80d00000 - 0x80d6dd48 ( kB)
  54. [ 0.000000] .bss : 0x80d74e2c - 0x80d9f634 ( kB)
  55. [ 0.000000] SLUB: HWalign=, Order=-, MinObjects=, CPUs=, Nodes=
  56. [ 0.000000] Hierarchical RCU implementation.
  57. [ 0.000000] RCU event tracing is enabled.
  58. [ 0.000000] RCU restricting CPUs from NR_CPUS= to nr_cpu_ids=.
  59. [ 0.000000] RCU: Adjusting geometry for rcu_fanout_leaf=, nr_cpu_ids=
  60. [ 0.000000] NR_IRQS: , nr_irqs: , preallocated irqs:
  61. [ 0.000000] GIC CPU mask not found - kernel will fail to boot.
  62. [ 0.000000] GIC CPU mask not found - kernel will fail to boot.
  63. [ 0.000000] L2C: platform modifies aux control register: 0x02020000 -> 0x02420000
  64. [ 0.000000] L2C: DT/platform modifies aux control register: 0x02020000 -> 0x02420000
  65. [ 0.000000] L2C- enabling early BRESP for Cortex-A9
  66. [ 0.000000] L2C- full line of zeros enabled for Cortex-A9
  67. [ 0.000000] L2C- dynamic clock gating disabled, standby mode disabled
  68. [ 0.000000] L2C- cache controller enabled, ways, kB
  69. [ 0.000000] L2C-: CACHE_ID 0x410000c8, AUX_CTRL 0x46420001
  70. [ 0.000000] smp_twd: clock not found -
  71. [ 0.000236] sched_clock: bits at 24MHz, resolution 41ns, wraps every 89478484971ns
  72. [ 0.003014] clocksource: arm,sp804: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: ns
  73. [ 0.004034] Failed to initialize '/smb@4000000/motherboard/iofpga@7,00000000/timer@12000': -
  74. [ 0.007878] Console: colour dummy device 80x30
  75. [ 0.009804] console [tty0] enabled
  76. [ 0.010213] Calibrating local timer... .50MHz.
  77. [ 0.063660] Calibrating delay loop... 726.63 BogoMIPS (lpj=)
  78. [ 0.163367] pid_max: default: minimum:
  79. [ 0.164371] Mount-cache hash table entries: (order: , bytes)
  80. [ 0.164640] Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: (order: , bytes)
  81. [ 0.173301] CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok
  82. [ 0.180395] CPU0: thread -, cpu , socket , mpidr
  83. [ 0.184217] Setting up static identity map for 0x60100000 - 0x60100060
  84. [ 0.185567] Hierarchical SRCU implementation.
  85. [ 0.190526] smp: Bringing up secondary CPUs ...
  86. [ 0.195085] smp: Brought up node, CPU
  87. [ 0.195340] SMP: Total of processors activated (726.63 BogoMIPS).
  88. [ 0.195628] CPU: All CPU(s) started in SVC mode.
  89. [ 0.226950] devtmpfs: initialized
  90. [ 0.237195] VFP support v0.: implementor architecture part variant rev
  91. [ 0.249451] clocksource: jiffies: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: ns
  92. [ 0.250611] futex hash table entries: (order: , bytes)
  93. [ 0.286424] NET: Registered protocol family
  94. [ 0.289887] DMA: preallocated KiB pool for atomic coherent allocations
  95. [ 0.411870] cpuidle: using governor ladder
  96. [ 0.412536] hw-breakpoint: debug architecture 0x4 unsupported.
  97. [ 0.413148] Serial: AMBA PL011 UART driver
  98. [ 0.417687] OF: amba_device_add() failed (-) for /memory-controller@100e0000
  99. [ 0.418518] OF: amba_device_add() failed (-) for /memory-controller@100e1000
  100. [ 0.419075] OF: amba_device_add() failed (-) for /watchdog@100e5000
  101. [ 0.428162] .uart: ttyAMA0 at MMIO 0x10009000 (irq = , base_baud = ) is a PL011 rev1
  102. [ 0.429393] console [ttyAMA0] enabled
  103. [ 0.429393] console [ttyAMA0] enabled
  104. [ 0.429830] bootconsole [pl11] disabled
  105. [ 0.429830] bootconsole [pl11] disabled
  106. [ 0.437874] 1000a000.uart: ttyAMA1 at MMIO 0x1000a000 (irq = , base_baud = ) is a PL011 rev1
  107. [ 0.439865] 1000b000.uart: ttyAMA2 at MMIO 0x1000b000 (irq = , base_baud = ) is a PL011 rev1
  108. [ 0.441651] 1000c000.uart: ttyAMA3 at MMIO 0x1000c000 (irq = , base_baud = ) is a PL011 rev1
  109. [ 0.443990] OF: amba_device_add() failed (-) for /smb@/motherboard/iofpga@,/wdt@f000
  110. [ 0.492049] SCSI subsystem initialized
  111. [ 0.494187] libata version 3.00 loaded.
  112. [ 0.495179] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
  113. [ 0.495583] usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
  114. [ 0.496019] usbcore: registered new device driver usb
  115. [ 0.500818] Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Initialized.
  116. [ 0.514158] clocksource: Switched to clocksource arm,sp804
  117. [ 0.661421] NET: Registered protocol family
  118. [ 0.665243] TCP established hash table entries: (order: , bytes)
  119. [ 0.665645] TCP bind hash table entries: (order: , bytes)
  120. [ 0.666075] TCP: Hash tables configured (established bind )
  121. [ 0.667823] UDP hash table entries: (order: , bytes)
  122. [ 0.668211] UDP-Lite hash table entries: (order: , bytes)
  123. [ 0.669427] NET: Registered protocol family
  124. [ 0.672771] RPC: Registered named UNIX socket transport module.
  125. [ 0.673010] RPC: Registered udp transport module.
  126. [ 0.673167] RPC: Registered tcp transport module.
  127. [ 0.673316] RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4. backchannel transport module.
  128. [ 1.032936] hw perfevents: enabled with armv7_cortex_a9 PMU driver, counters available
  129. [ 1.039079] workingset: timestamp_bits= max_order= bucket_order=
  130. [ 1.056808] squashfs: version 4.0 (//) Phillip Lougher
  131. [ 1.059624] jffs2: version 2.2. (NAND) © - Red Hat, Inc.
  132. [ 1.062208] 9p: Installing v9fs 9p2000 file system support
  133. [ 1.066233] io scheduler noop registered (default)
  134. [ 1.066479] io scheduler mq-deadline registered
  135. [ 1.066735] io scheduler kyber registered
  136. [ 1.071064] clcd-pl11x .clcd: PL111 designer rev2 at 0x10020000
  137. [ 1.078507] clcd-pl11x .clcd: /clcd@ hardware, 1024x768@ display
  138. [ 1.161773] Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 128x48
  139. [ 1.167184] clcd-pl11x 1001f000.clcd: PL111 designer rev2 at 0x1001f000
  140. [ 1.168631] clcd-pl11x 1001f000.clcd: /smb@/motherboard/iofpga@,/clcd@1f000 hardware, 640x480@ display
  141. [ 1.477077] brd: module loaded
  142. [ 1.495912] loop: module loaded
  143. [ 1.500177] .flash: Found x16 devices at 0x0 in -bit bank. Manufacturer ID 0x000000 Chip ID 0x000000
  144. [ 1.501104] Intel/Sharp Extended Query Table at 0x0031
  145. [ 1.501768] Using buffer write method
  146. [ 1.502266] erase region : offset=0x0,size=0x40000,blocks=
  147. [ 1.504422] .flash: Found x16 devices at 0x0 in -bit bank. Manufacturer ID 0x000000 Chip ID 0x000000
  148. [ 1.504906] Intel/Sharp Extended Query Table at 0x0031
  149. [ 1.505391] Using buffer write method
  150. [ 1.505629] erase region : offset=0x0,size=0x40000,blocks=
  151. [ 1.505986] Concatenating MTD devices:
  152. [ 1.509464] (): "40000000.flash"
  153. [ 1.511999] (): "40000000.flash"
  154. [ 1.514592] into device "40000000.flash"
  155. [ 1.579495] libphy: Fixed MDIO Bus: probed
  156. [ 1.654665] libphy: smsc911x-mdio: probed
  157. [ 1.659191] smsc911x 4e000000.ethernet eth0: MAC Address: :::::
  158. [ 1.765966] isp1760 4f000000.usb: bus width: , oc: digital
  159. [ 1.777548] isp1760 4f000000.usb: NXP ISP1760 USB Host Controller
  160. [ 1.781625] isp1760 4f000000.usb: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number
  161. [ 1.784568] isp1760 4f000000.usb: Scratch test failed.
  162. [ 1.787257] isp1760 4f000000.usb: can't setup: -19
  163. [ 1.789669] isp1760 4f000000.usb: USB bus deregistered
  164. [ 1.793814] usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage
  165. [ 1.802617] rtc-pl031 .rtc: rtc core: registered pl031 as rtc0
  166. [ 1.806070] IR NEC protocol handler initialized
  167. [ 1.808391] IR RC5(x/sz) protocol handler initialized
  168. [ 1.810806] IR RC6 protocol handler initialized
  169. [ 1.813412] IR JVC protocol handler initialized
  170. [ 1.815587] IR Sony protocol handler initialized
  171. [ 1.817861] IR SANYO protocol handler initialized
  172. [ 1.820138] IR Sharp protocol handler initialized
  173. [ 1.822689] IR MCE Keyboard/mouse protocol handler initialized
  174. [ 1.824910] IR XMP protocol handler initialized
  175. [ 1.832118] mmci-pl18x .mmci: Got CD GPIO
  176. [ 1.834664] mmci-pl18x .mmci: Got WP GPIO
  177. [ 1.838372] mmci-pl18x .mmci: mmc0: PL181 manf rev0 at 0x10005000 irq , (pio)
  178. [ 1.913351] input: AT Raw Set keyboard as /devices/platform/smb@/smb@:motherboard/smb@:motherboard:i
  179. ofpga@,/.kmi/serio0/input/input0
  180. [ 1.928777] ledtrig-cpu: registered to indicate activity on CPUs
  181. [ 1.933517] usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid
  182. [ 1.935808] usbhid: USB HID core driver
  183. [ 1.945013] mmc0: new SD card at address
  184. [ 1.952266] mmcblk0: mmc0: QEMU! 1.00 GiB
  185. [ 1.986464] mmcblk0: p1 p2
  186. [ 1.992031] aaci-pl041 .aaci: ARM AC'97 Interface PL041 rev0 at 0x10004000, irq 30
  187. [ 1.994594] aaci-pl041 .aaci: FIFO entries
  188. [ 1.997482] oprofile: using arm/armv7-ca9
  189. [ 2.000510] NET: Registered protocol family
  190. [ 2.003305] 9pnet: Installing 9P2000 support
  191. [ 2.005828] Registering SWP/SWPB emulation handler
  192. [ 2.017119] rtc-pl031 .rtc: setting system clock to -- :: UTC ()
  193. [ 2.020519] ALSA device list:
  194. [ 2.022710] #: ARM AC'97 Interface PL041 rev0 at 0x10004000, irq 30
  195. [ 2.025497] Warning: unable to open an initial console.
  196. [ 2.063902] Freeing unused kernel memory: 4096K
  197. [ 2.500280] input: ImExPS/ Generic Explorer Mouse as /devices/platform/smb@/smb@:motherboard/smb@:motherboard:iofpga@,/.kmi/serio1/input/input2
  198. [ 3.017505] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p2): recovery complete
  199. [ 3.021581] EXT4-fs (mmcblk0p2): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null)
  200. [ 3.076962] Generic PHY 4e000000.ethernet-ffffffff:: attached PHY driver [Generic PHY] (mii_bus:phy_addr=4e000000.ethernet-ffffffff:, irq=POLL)
  201. [ 3.083703] smsc911x 4e000000.ethernet eth0: SMSC911x/921x identified at 0xc1310000, IRQ:
  202.  
  203. Please press Enter to activate this console.
  204. [root@vexpress ]#
    [root@vexpress ]# mount
    rootfs on / type rootfs (rw)
    proc on /proc type proc (rw,relatime)
    tmpfs on /tmp type tmpfs (rw,relatime)
    sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,relatime)
    tmpfs on /dev type tmpfs (rw,relatime)
    debugfs on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw,relatime)
    devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,relatime,mode=600,ptmxmode=000)
    /dev/mmcblk0p2 on /root type ext4 (rw,relatime,data=ordered)
    [root@vexpress ]# ls
    bin      dev      home     init     linuxrc  root     share    tmp      var
    d        etc      include  lib      proc     sbin     sys      usr

完。

 
 
 
 

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