JAVA多态问题总结（课堂总结）

面向对象的三大特性：封装、继承、多态。从一定角度来看，封装和继承几乎都是为多态而准备的。这是我们最后一个概念，也是最重要的知识点。
多态的定义：指允许不同类的对象对同一消息做出响应。即同一消息可以根据发送对象的不同而采用多种不同的行为方式。（发送消息就是函数调用）
（1）相同方法名的方法分别在子，基类中调用
源代码：

public class ParentChildTest {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Parent parent=new Parent();
		parent.printValue();
		Child child=new Child();
		child.printValue();

		parent=child;
		parent.printValue();

		parent.myValue++;
		parent.printValue();

		((Child)parent).myValue++;
		parent.printValue();

	}
}

class Parent{
	public int myValue=100;
	public void printValue() {
		System.out.println("Parent.printValue(),myValue="+myValue);
	}
}
class Child extends Parent{
	public int myValue=200;
	public void printValue() {
		System.out.println("Child.printValue(),myValue="+myValue);
	}
}

实验结果截图：
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" alt="" />

 分析：当子类与父类拥有一样的方法，并且让一个父类变量引用一个子类对象时，到底调用哪个方法，由对象自己的“真实”类型所决定，这就是说：对象是子类型的，它就调用子类型的方法，是父类型的，它就调用父类型的方法。
如果子类与父类有相同的字段,则子类中的字段会代替或隐藏父类的字段，子类方法中访问的是子类中的字段（而不是父类中的字段）。如果子类方法确实想访问父类中被隐藏的同名字段，可以用super关键字来访问它。
（2）用多态方法模拟ATM操作流程
源代码：

package bokeyuan;

import java.util.Scanner;
public class ATMTest {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ABCATM atm=new ABCATM();
        UnionPay abc=new ABCImpl(3000,1603);
        atm.insertCard(abc);
        atm.allMenu();
    }
}
//农行ATM
class ABCATM{
    UnionPay card;
    Scanner sc=new Scanner(System.in);
    public void insertCard(UnionPay card){
        this.card=card;
    }
    public void outCard(){
        card=null;
    }
    public  void showBalance(){   //显示余额
        System.out.println("卡内余额:"+card.getBalance());
    }
    public void takeMoney(){    //取钱
        System.out.println("请输入取钱金额:");
        double number=sc.nextDouble();
        if(card.drawMoney(number)){
            System.out.println("取款成功!");
        }else{
            System.out.println("取款失败!");
        }
    }
    public void payTelBill(){   //电话缴费
        if(card instanceof ABCImpl){
            ABCImpl abccard=(ABCImpl)card;
            System.out.println("请输入电话号码:");
            String phoneNum=sc.next();
            while(phoneNum.length()!=11){
                System.out.println("请输入电话号码:");
                phoneNum=sc.next();
            }
            if(phoneNum.length()==11){
                System.out.println("请输入缴费金额:");
                double calls=sc.nextDouble();
                if(abccard.payTel(phoneNum,calls)){
                    System.out.println("缴费成功!");
                }else{
                    System.out.println("缴费失败!");
                }
            }else{
                System.out.println("您输入的电话号码有误!");
            }
        }else{
            System.out.println("您的银行卡非农行卡，不支持电话缴费");
        }
    }
    public void allMenu(){   //功能菜单
        do{
            System.out.println("请输入密码:");
            int input=sc.nextInt();
            if(card.checkPwd(input)){
                System.out.println("请选择功能:1.查询余额 2.电话缴费 3.取款 0.退出");
                int a=sc.nextInt();
                if(a==0){
                    System.out.println("退出系统!");
                    break;
                }else{
                    switch(a){
                    case 1:showBalance();
                           break;
                    case 2:payTelBill();
                           break;
                    case 3:takeMoney();
                           break;
                    default:System.out.println("非法输入!");
                    }
                }
            break;
            }else{
                System.out.println("密码错误!");
                System.out.println("请输入密码:");
                input=sc.nextInt();
            }
        }while(true);
    }
}
//银联接口
interface UnionPay {
        public boolean drawMoney(double number); //取钱
        public boolean checkPwd(int input);  //验证密码
        public double getBalance();      //显示余额
}
//农行卡接口
interface ABC extends UnionPay{
    public boolean payTel(String phoneNum,double calls); //支付电话费
}
//实现农行卡接口
class ABCImpl implements ABC{
    private double money;
    private int pwd;
    public ABCImpl(double money,int pwd){
        this.money=money;
        this.pwd=pwd;
    }
    public boolean payTel(String phoneNum,double calls){
        if(phoneNum.length()==11&&calls<money){
            money-=calls;
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }
    public boolean drawMoney(double number){
        if(number<money){
            money-=number;
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }
    public boolean checkPwd(int input){
        if(pwd==input){
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }
    public double getBalance(){
        return money;
    }
}

运行结果：

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" alt="" />

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