mssql 数据库表行转列，列转行 比较经典

--行列互转
/******************************************************************************************************************************************************
以学生成绩为例子，比较形象易懂

整理人：中国风(Roy)

日期:2008.06.06
******************************************************************************************************************************************************/

--1、行互列
--> --> (Roy)生成測試數據

if not object_id('Class') is null
drop table Class
Go
Create table Class([Student] nvarchar(2),[Course] nvarchar(2),[Score] int)
Insert Class
select N'张三',N'语文',78 union all
select N'张三',N'数学',87 union all
select N'张三',N'英语',82 union all
select N'张三',N'物理',90 union all
select N'李四',N'语文',65 union all
select N'李四',N'数学',77 union all
select N'李四',N'英语',65 union all
select N'李四',N'物理',85
Go
--2000方法:
动态:

declare @s nvarchar(4000)
set @s=''
Select @s=@s+','+quotename([Course])+'=max(case when [Course]='+quotename([Course],'''')+' then [Score] else 0 end)'
from Class group by[Course]
exec('select [Student]'+@s+' from Class group by [Student]')

生成静态:

select
[Student],
[数学]=max(case when [Course]='数学' then [Score] else 0 end),
[物理]=max(case when [Course]='物理' then [Score] else 0 end),
[英语]=max(case when [Course]='英语' then [Score] else 0 end),
[语文]=max(case when [Course]='语文' then [Score] else 0 end)
from
Class
group by [Student]

GO
动态:

declare @s nvarchar(4000)
Select @s=isnull(@s+',','')+quotename([Course]) from Class group by[Course]
exec('select * from Class pivot (max([Score]) for [Course] in('+@s+'))b')

生成静态:
select *
from
Class
pivot
(max([Score]) for [Course] in([数学],[物理],[英语],[语文]))b

生成格式:
/*
Student 数学 物理 英语 语文
------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
李四 77 85 65 65
张三 87 90 82 78

(2 行受影响)
*/

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
go
--加上总成绩(学科平均分)

--2000方法:
动态:

declare @s nvarchar(4000)
set @s=''
Select @s=@s+','+quotename([Course])+'=max(case when [Course]='+quotename([Course],'''')+' then [Score] else 0 end)'
from Class group by[Course]
exec('select [Student]'+@s+',[总成绩]=sum([Score]) from Class group by [Student]')--加多一列(学科平均分用avg([Score]))

生成动态:

select
[Student],
[数学]=max(case when [Course]='数学' then [Score] else 0 end),
[物理]=max(case when [Course]='物理' then [Score] else 0 end),
[英语]=max(case when [Course]='英语' then [Score] else 0 end),
[语文]=max(case when [Course]='语文' then [Score] else 0 end),
[总成绩]=sum([Score]) --加多一列(学科平均分用avg([Score]))
from
Class
group by [Student]

go

--2005方法:

动态:

declare @s nvarchar(4000)
Select @s=isnull(@s+',','')+quotename([Course]) from Class group by[Course] --isnull(@s+',','') 去掉字符串@s中第一个逗号
exec('select [Student],'+@s+',[总成绩] from (select *,[总成绩]=sum([Score])over(partition by [Student]) from Class) a
pivot (max([Score]) for [Course] in('+@s+'))b ')

生成静态:

select
[Student],[数学],[物理],[英语],[语文],[总成绩]
from
(select *,[总成绩]=sum([Score])over(partition by [Student]) from Class) a --平均分时用avg([Score])
pivot
(max([Score]) for [Course] in([数学],[物理],[英语],[语文]))b

生成格式:

/*
Student 数学 物理 英语 语文 总成绩
------- ----------- ----------- ----------- ----------- -----------
李四 77 85 65 65 292
张三 87 90 82 78 337

(2 行受影响)
*/

go

--2、列转行
--> --> (Roy)生成測試數據

if not object_id('Class') is null
drop table Class
Go
Create table Class([Student] nvarchar(2),[数学] int,[物理] int,[英语] int,[语文] int)
Insert Class
select N'李四',77,85,65,65 union all
select N'张三',87,90,82,78
Go

--2000:

动态:

declare @s nvarchar(4000)
select @s=isnull(@s+' union all ','')+'select [Student],[Course]='+quotename(Name,'''')--isnull(@s+' union all ','') 去掉字符串@s中第一个union all
+',[Score]='+quotename(Name)+' from Class'
from syscolumns where ID=object_id('Class') and Name not in('Student')--排除不转换的列
order by Colid
exec('select * from ('+@s+')t order by [Student],[Course]')--增加一个排序

生成静态:
select *
from (select [Student],[Course]='数学',[Score]=[数学] from Class union all
select [Student],[Course]='物理',[Score]=[物理] from Class union all
select [Student],[Course]='英语',[Score]=[英语] from Class union all
select [Student],[Course]='语文',[Score]=[语文] from Class)t
order by [Student],[Course]

go
--2005:

动态:

declare @s nvarchar(4000)
select @s=isnull(@s+',','')+quotename(Name)
from syscolumns where ID=object_id('Class') and Name not in('Student')
order by Colid
exec('select Student,[Course],[Score] from Class unpivot ([Score] for [Course] in('+@s+'))b')

go
select
Student,[Course],[Score]
from
Class
unpivot
([Score] for [Course] in([数学],[物理],[英语],[语文]))b

生成格式:
/*
Student Course Score
------- ------- -----------
李四 数学 77
李四 物理 85
李四 英语 65
李四 语文 65
张三 数学 87
张三 物理 90
张三 英语 82
张三 语文 78

(8 行受影响)
*/

===========================(例二)===================================

--行转列问题 
--建立測試環境 
Create Table TEST 
(DATES Varchar(6), 
EMPNO Varchar(5), 
STYPE Varchar(1), 
AMOUNT Int) 
--插入數據 
Insert TEST Select '200605', '02436', 'A', 5 
Union All Select '200605', '02436', 'B', 3 
Union All Select '200605', '02436', 'C', 3 
Union All Select '200605', '02436', 'D', 2 
Union All Select '200605', '02436', 'E', 9 
Union All Select '200605', '02436', 'F', 7 
Union All Select '200605', '02436', 'G', 6 
Union All Select '200605', '02438', 'A', 7 
Union All Select '200605', '02438', 'B', 8 
Union All Select '200605', '02438', 'C', 0 
Union All Select '200605', '02438', 'D', 3 
Union All Select '200605', '02438', 'E', 4 
Union All Select '200605', '02438', 'F', 5 
Union All Select '200605', '02438', 'G', 1 
GO 
--測試 
--如果STYPE固定，可以這麼寫 
Select 
DATES, 
EMPNO, 
SUM(Case STYPE When 'A' Then AMOUNT Else 0 End) As A, 
SUM(Case STYPE When 'B' Then AMOUNT Else 0 End) As B, 
SUM(Case STYPE When 'C' Then AMOUNT Else 0 End) As C, 
SUM(Case STYPE When 'D' Then AMOUNT Else 0 End) As D, 
SUM(Case STYPE When 'E' Then AMOUNT Else 0 End) As E, 
SUM(Case STYPE When 'F' Then AMOUNT Else 0 End) As F, 
SUM(Case STYPE When 'G' Then AMOUNT Else 0 End) As G 
From TEST 
Group By DATES,EMPNO 
Order By DATES,EMPNO 
--如果STYPE不固定，用動態語句 
Declare @S Varchar(1000) 
Set @S='' 
Select @S=@S+',SUM(Case STYPE When '''+STYPE+''' Then AMOUNT Else 0 End) As '+STYPE From (Select Distinct STYPE From TEST) A Order By STYPE 
Set @S='Select DATES,EMPNO'+@S+' From TEST Group By DATES,EMPNO Order By DATES,EMPNO' 
EXEC(@S) 
GO 
--如果被转置的是数字类型的话，应用下列语句 
DECLARE @S VARCHAR(1000) 
SET @S='SELECT DATES,EMPNO ' 
SELECT @S=@S+',['+STYPE+']=SUM(CASE WHEN STYPE='''+STYPE+''' THEN AMOUNT ELSE 0 END)' 
FROM (Select Distinct STYPE From TEST) A Order By STYPE 
SET @S=@S+' FROM TEST GROUP BY DATES,EMPNO' 
EXEC(@S)

如果是列转行的话直接Union All就可以了 
例如 ： 
city style color 46 48 50 52 
长沙 S6MF01002 152 1 2 2 1 
长沙 S6MF01002 201 1 2 2 1 
上面到下面的样子 
city style color size qty 
长沙 S6MF01002 152 46 1 
长沙 S6MF01002 152 48 2 
长沙 S6MF01002 152 50 2 
长沙 S6MF01002 152 52 1 
长沙 S6MF01002 201 46 1 
长沙 S6MF01002 201 48 2 
长沙 S6MF01002 201 50 2 
长沙 S6MF01002 201 52 1 
Select City,Style,Color,[46] From Test 
Union all 
Select City,Style,Color,[48] From Test 
Union all 
Select City,Style,Color,[50] From Test 
Union all 
Select City,Style,Color,[52] From Test 
就可以了

===========================(例三)===============================

CREATE TABLE tb (GroupName VARCHAR(64),Price decimal(10,2))
INSERT INTO tb
SELECT 'VIP客户',1011.00
UNION ALL
SELECT'白金卡会员',225.00
UNION ALL
SELECT'白金卡会员1',225.00
UNION ALL
SELECT'白金卡会员2',225.00
UNION ALL
SELECT'白金卡会员3',225.00
UNION ALL
SELECT'白金卡会员4',225.00
UNION ALL
SELECT'白金卡会员4',225.00

--DROP TABLE tb
declare @s nvarchar(max)
set @s=''
Select @s=@s+','+quotename(GroupName)+'=max(case when [GroupName]='+quotename(GroupName,'''')+' then [price] else 0 end)'
from tb group by GroupName
SELECT @s=SUBSTRING(@s,2,LEN(@s))

EXEC ('select '+@s+' from tb ')

/*
VIP客户 白金卡会员 白金卡会员1 白金卡会员2 白金卡会员3 白金卡会员4
--------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- --------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------
1011.00 225.00 225.00 225.00 225.00 225.00

(1 行受影响)

*/