Given two sentences words1, words2 (each represented as an array of strings), and a list of similar word pairs pairs, determine if two sentences are similar.

For example, words1 = ["great", "acting", "skills"] and words2 = ["fine", "drama", "talent"] are similar, if the similar word pairs are pairs = [["great", "good"], ["fine", "good"], ["acting","drama"], ["skills","talent"]].

Note that the similarity relation is transitive. For example, if "great" and "good" are similar, and "fine" and "good" are similar, then "great" and "fine" are similar.

Similarity is also symmetric. For example, "great" and "fine" being similar is the same as "fine" and "great" being similar.

Also, a word is always similar with itself. For example, the sentences words1 = ["great"], words2 = ["great"], pairs = [] are similar, even though there are no specified similar word pairs.

Finally, sentences can only be similar if they have the same number of words. So a sentence like words1 = ["great"] can never be similar to words2 = ["doubleplus","good"].

Note:

  • The length of words1 and words2 will not exceed 1000.
  • The length of pairs will not exceed 2000.
  • The length of each pairs[i] will be 2.
  • The length of each words[i] and pairs[i][j] will be in the range [1, 20].

这道题是之前那道 Sentence Similarity 的拓展,那道题说单词之间不可传递,于是乎这道题就变成可以传递了,难度就增加了。不过没有关系,还是用经典老三样来解,BFS,DFS,和 Union Find。先来看 BFS 的解法,其实这道题的本质是无向连通图的问题,首先要做的就是建立这个连通图的数据结构,对于每个结点来说,要记录所有和其相连的结点,建立每个结点和其所有相连结点集合之间的映射,比如对于这三个相似对 (a, b), (b, c),和(c, d),我们有如下的映射关系:

a -> {b}

b -> {a, c}

c -> {b, d}

d -> {c}

那么如果要验证a和d是否相似,就需要用到传递关系,a只能找到b,b可以找到a,c,为了不陷入死循环,将访问过的结点加入一个集合 visited,那么此时b只能去,c只能去d,那么说明a和d是相似的了。用for循环来比较对应位置上的两个单词,如果二者相同,那么直接跳过去比较接下来的。否则就建一个访问即可 visited,建一个队列 queue,然后把 words1 中的单词放入 queue,建一个布尔型变量 succ,标记是否找到,然后就是传统的 BFS 遍历的写法了,从队列中取元素,如果和其相连的结点中有 words2 中的对应单词,标记 succ 为 true,并 break 掉。否则就将取出的结点加入队列 queue,并且遍历其所有相连结点,将其中未访问过的结点加入队列 queue 继续循环,参见代码如下:

解法一:

class Solution {
public:
bool areSentencesSimilarTwo(vector<string>& words1, vector<string>& words2, vector<pair<string, string>> pairs) {
if (words1.size() != words2.size()) return false;
unordered_map<string, unordered_set<string>> m;
for (auto pair : pairs) {
m[pair.first].insert(pair.second);
m[pair.second].insert(pair.first);
}
for (int i = ; i < words1.size(); ++i) {
if (words1[i] == words2[i]) continue;
unordered_set<string> visited;
queue<string> q{{words1[i]}};
bool succ = false;
while (!q.empty()) {
auto t = q.front(); q.pop();
if (m[t].count(words2[i])) {
succ = true; break;
}
visited.insert(t);
for (auto a : m[t]) {
if (!visited.count(a)) q.push(a);
}
}
if (!succ) return false;
}
return true;
}
};

下面来看递归的写法,解题思路跟上面的完全一样,把主要操作都放到了一个递归函数中来写,参见代码如下:

解法二:

class Solution {
public:
bool areSentencesSimilarTwo(vector<string>& words1, vector<string>& words2, vector<pair<string, string>> pairs) {
if (words1.size() != words2.size()) return false;
unordered_map<string, unordered_set<string>> m;
for (auto pair : pairs) {
m[pair.first].insert(pair.second);
m[pair.second].insert(pair.first);
}
for (int i = ; i < words1.size(); ++i) {
unordered_set<string> visited;
if (!helper(m, words1[i], words2[i], visited)) return false;
}
return true;
}
bool helper(unordered_map<string, unordered_set<string>>& m, string& cur, string& target, unordered_set<string>& visited) {
if (cur == target) return true;
visited.insert(cur);
for (string word : m[cur]) {
if (!visited.count(word) && helper(m, word, target, visited)) return true;
}
return false;
}
};

下面这种解法就是碉堡了的联合查找 Union Find 了,这种解法的核心是一个 getRoot 函数,如果两个元素属于同一个群组的话,调用 getRoot 函数会返回相同的值。主要分为两部,第一步是建立群组关系,suppose 开始时每一个元素都是独立的个体,各自属于不同的群组。然后对于每一个给定的关系对,对两个单词分别调用 getRoot 函数,找到二者的祖先结点,如果从未建立过联系的话,那么二者的祖先结点时不同的,此时就要建立二者的关系。等所有的关系都建立好了以后,第二步就是验证两个任意的元素是否属于同一个群组,就只需要比较二者的祖先结点都否相同啦。是不是有点深度学习的赶脚,先建立模型 training,然后再 test。哈哈,博主乱扯的,二者并没有什么联系。这里保存群组关系的数据结构,有时用数组,有时用 HashMap,看输入的数据类型吧,如果输入元素的整型数的话,用 root 数组就可以了,如果是像本题这种的字符串的话,需要用 HashMap 来建立映射,建立每一个结点和其祖先结点的映射。注意这里的祖先结点不一定是最终祖先结点,而最终祖先结点的映射一定是最重祖先结点,所以 getRoot 函数的设计思路就是要找到最终祖先结点,那么就是当结点和其映射结点相同时返回,否则继续循环,可以递归写,也可以迭代写,这无所谓。注意这里第一行判空是相当于初始化,这个操作可以在外面写,就是要让初始时每个元素属于不同的群组,参见代码如下:

解法三:

class Solution {
public:
bool areSentencesSimilarTwo(vector<string>& words1, vector<string>& words2, vector<pair<string, string>> pairs) {
if (words1.size() != words2.size()) return false;
unordered_map<string, string> m;
for (auto pair : pairs) {
string x = getRoot(pair.first, m), y = getRoot(pair.second, m);
if (x != y) m[x] = y;
}
for (int i = ; i < words1.size(); ++i) {
if (getRoot(words1[i], m) != getRoot(words2[i], m)) return false;
}
return true;
}
string getRoot(string word, unordered_map<string, string>& m) {
if (!m.count(word)) m[word] = word;
return word == m[word] ? word : getRoot(m[word], m);
}
};

Github 同步地址:

https://github.com/grandyang/leetcode/issues/737

类似题目:

Friend Circles

Accounts Merge

Sentence Similarity

参考资料:

https://leetcode.com/problems/sentence-similarity-ii/

https://leetcode.com/problems/sentence-similarity-ii/discuss/109747/Java-Easy-DFS-solution-with-Explanation

https://leetcode.com/problems/sentence-similarity-ii/discuss/109752/JavaC%2B%2B-Clean-Code-with-Explanation

LeetCode All in One 题目讲解汇总(持续更新中...)

[LeetCode] 737. Sentence Similarity II 句子相似度之二的更多相关文章

  1. [LeetCode] 737. Sentence Similarity II 句子相似度 II

    Given two sentences words1, words2 (each represented as an array of strings), and a list of similar ...

  2. [LeetCode] Sentence Similarity II 句子相似度之二

    Given two sentences words1, words2 (each represented as an array of strings), and a list of similar ...

  3. LeetCode 737. Sentence Similarity II

    原题链接在这里:https://leetcode.com/problems/sentence-similarity-ii/ 题目: Given two sentences words1, words2 ...

  4. [LeetCode] 734. Sentence Similarity 句子相似度

    Given two sentences words1, words2 (each represented as an array of strings), and a list of similar ...

  5. LeetCode 734. Sentence Similarity

    原题链接在这里:https://leetcode.com/problems/sentence-similarity/ 题目: Given two sentences words1, words2 (e ...

  6. [LeetCode] Number of Islands II 岛屿的数量之二

    A 2d grid map of m rows and n columns is initially filled with water. We may perform an addLand oper ...

  7. [LeetCode] Shortest Word Distance II 最短单词距离之二

    This is a follow up of Shortest Word Distance. The only difference is now you are given the list of ...

  8. [LeetCode] 685. Redundant Connection II 冗余的连接之二

    In this problem, a rooted tree is a directed graph such that, there is exactly one node (the root) f ...

  9. [LeetCode] Pascal's Triangle II 杨辉三角之二

    Given an index k, return the kth row of the Pascal's triangle. For example, given k = 3,Return [1,3, ...

随机推荐

  1. 如何保障MySQL主从复制关系的稳定性?关键词(新特性、crash-safe)

    一 前言 MySQL 主从架构已经被广泛应用,保障主从复制关系的稳定性是大家一直关注的焦点.MySQL 5.6 针对主从复制稳定性提供了新特性: slave 支持 crash-safe.该功能可以解决 ...

  2. PHP高级进阶梳理

    基础篇 1.深入理解计算机系统 2.现代操作系统 3.C程序设计语言 4.C语言数据结构和算法 5.Unix环境高级编程 6.TCP/IP网络通信详解 7.Java面向对象编程 8.Java编程思想 ...

  3. WPF 通过Win32SDK修改窗口样式

    使用函数为 SetWindowLong GetWindowLong 注册函数 [DllImport("user32.dll", EntryPoint = "GetWind ...

  4. KVM学习笔记--静态迁移

    .静态迁移过程如下 (1)确定虚拟机关闭状态 (2)准备迁移oeltest02虚拟机,查看该虚拟机配置的磁盘文件 (3)导入虚拟机配置文件 [root@node1~]# virsh dumpxml o ...

  5. 简单的ALV显示例子

    废话不多说,直接上傻瓜代码.归根结底,就是要将显示的字段一行一行的放入fieldcat的表里. "定义ALV数据变量 DATA: IT_FIELDCAT TYPE SLIS_T_FIELDC ...

  6. EF导航属性会自动从已查出来的对象附加

    如果新增对象导航属性对应的Id有值,其相应的导航属性会自动在内存中查找,如果存在会自动附加上去. public virtual void UpdateMaterialPurchaseOrderItem ...

  7. 十三道Python练习题

    一.完美立方 编写一个程序,对任给的正整数N (N≤100),寻找所有的四元组(a, b, c, d),使得a^3= b^3 + c^3 + d^3,其中a,b,c,d 大于 1, 小于等于N. 输入 ...

  8. shell 统计nginx日志中从指定日期到结束日期之间每天指定条件匹配的总次数

    公司给出一个需求,指定时间内,统计请求driver.upload.position(司机位置上报接口)中,来源是华为push(come_from=huawei_push)的数量,要求是按天统计. 看一 ...

  9. vue-router 在项目中的使用

    一.下载vue-router npm install vue-router --save 二.编码 1.在项目中新建文件夹 router/index.js /* * 路由对象模块 * */ impor ...

  10. python类模拟电路实现

    实现电路: 实现方法: class LogicGate(object): def __init__(self, n): self.name = n self.output = None def get ...