Nextcloud13私有云盘安装指南

一、环境说明：

※操作系统版本CentOS 7.5 Minimal-1804

※操作系统版本已经使用163 YUM源

※ Nextcloud版本 13.05

※ 数据库使用MariaDB，安装在同一台机器，

※ 参考链接https://www.cnblogs.com/kevingrace/p/8343060.html

※ 参考链接 https://blog.csdn.net/kyotrue/article/details/77934724?locationNum=5&fps=1

二、安装仓库源及基础软件

添加EPEL包的仓库源

yum -y install epel-release

添加 PHP7-FPM webtatic 仓库

rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/webtatic-release.rpm

安装基础环境：

yum -y install nginx redis unzip wget mariadb mariadb-server

三、安装PHP7和PHP7-FPM

yum -y install php71w-fpm php71w-cli php71w-gd php71w-mcrypt php71w-mysql php71w-pear php71w-xml php71w-mbstring php71w-pdo php71w-json php71w-opcache php71w-pecl-apcu php71w-pecl-apcu-devel php71w-pecl-igbinary php71w-pecl-igbinary-devel php71w-pecl-imagick php71w-pecl-imagick-devel php71w-pecl-redis php71w-pecl-redis-devel php71w-ldap

四、配置PHP-FPM

1、我们需要配置 php-fpm 与 Nginx 协同运行。hp7-fpm 将使用 nginx 用户来运行，并监听 9000 端口。

使用 vi 编辑默认的 php7-fpm 配置文件。

vi /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf

修改以下不连续的记录点，修改用户，指定端口，启用环境变量。

<<www.conf>>

#Line 8-10
user = nginx
group = nginx
#Line 22
listen = 127.0.0.1:9000
#Line 366-370
env[HOSTNAME] = $HOSTNAME
env[PATH] = /usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin
env[TMP] = /tmp
env[TMPDIR] = /tmp
env[TEMP] = /tmp

2、保存文件并退出 vim 编辑器. 需要在 /var/lib/ 目录下创建一个新的文件夹 session，并将其拥有者变更为 nginx 用户。

mkdir -p /var/lib/php/session
chown nginx:nginx -R /var/lib/php/session/

3、vi /etc/php.d/opcache.ini 将以下行注释掉，修改为对应的配置值：

<<opcache.ini>>

zend_extension=opcache.so

opcache.enable=1

opcache.enable_cli=1

opcache.memory_consumption=128

opcache.interned_strings_buffer=8

opcache.max_accelerated_files=10000

opcache.revalidate_freq=1

opcache.save_comments=1

4、启动服务、设为开机启动

systemctl start php-fpm
systemctl start nginx

systemctl start mariadb

systemctl start redis

systemctl enable redis

systemctl enable php-fpm
systemctl enable nginx

systemctl enable mariadb

五、配置MariaDB

1、MySQL初始化指令初始化root用户，默认密码为空（此步可以先忽略）

mysql_secure_installation

#配置过程

Set root password? [Y/n] Y

New password:

Re-enter new password:

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] n

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] Y

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Y

2、创建数据库、创建库用户、用户授权

mysql -u root -p

create database nextcloud;

create user nextclouduser@localhost identified by 'nextclouduser@';

grant all privileges on nextcloud_db.* to nextclouduser@'localhost' identified by 'nextclouduser@';

flush privileges;

exit

六、安装SSL证书

我们可以自己生成SSL证书，也可以申请专业的SSL证书。自签名的SSL证书在使用的时候会报错，建议使用有资质的SSL证书。

安装过程如下：

1、为 SSL 文件创建新目录：

mkdir -p /etc/nginx/cert

2、创建证书（生产环境请购买公网SSL证书）

openssl req -new -x509 -days 365 -nodes -out /etc/nginx/cert/pan.mcitp.cn.crt -keyout /etc/nginx/cert/pan.mcitp.cn.key

3、在该目录下储存申请过的SSL证书，并设置证书的权限：

chmod 700 /etc/nginx/cert

chmod 600 /etc/nginx/cert/*

七、下载和初步安装 Nextcloud

1、开始下载nextcloud 并解压 （也可以先下载到windows,再通过xftp上传）

mkdir -p /var/www/nextcloud

cd /var/www/nextcloud

wget https://download.nextcloud.com/server/releases/nextcloud-13.0.5.zip

unzip nextcloud-13.0.5.zip

mv /var/www/nextcloud/web/* /var/www/nextcloud

2、为NextCloud创建文件储存文件夹，并授予一定的权限

mkdir -p /var/www/nextcloud/data

chown nginx:nginx -R /var/www/nextcloud/

3、手动指定云盘文件储存位置（配置文件中有默认配置）

vi /var/www/nextcloud/config/config.sample.php

找到如下字段（默认值为 /var/www/nextcloud/data）：

'datadirectory' => '/var/www/owncloud_data/'

八、配置Nginx转发规则

1、创建文件：

vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/nextcloud.conf

2、参考配置文件，下面是已经修改好的文件，直接上传至 /etc/nginx/conf.d/ 即可）nextcloud官方文档

upstream php-handler {
server 127.0.0.1:9000;
#server unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;
}

server {
listen 80;
listen [::]:80;
server_name pan.mcitp.cn;
# enforce https
return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;
}

server {
listen 443 ssl http2;
listen [::]:443 ssl http2;
server_name pan.mcitp.cn;

# SSL证书路径
ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/cert/pan.mcitp.cn.crt;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/cert/pan.mcitp.cn.key;

# Add headers to serve security related headers
# Before enabling Strict-Transport-Security headers please read into this
# topic first.
#
# WARNING: Only add the preload option once you read about
# the consequences in https://hstspreload.org/. This option
# will add the domain to a hardcoded list that is shipped
# in all major browsers and getting removed from this list
# could take several months.
add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000;includeSubDomains; preload;";
add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;
add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";
add_header X-Robots-Tag none;
add_header X-Download-Options noopen;
add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies none;
add_header X-Frame-Options SAMEORIGIN;
# 网站根目录
root /var/www/nextcloud/;
location = /robots.txt {
allow all;
log_not_found off;
access_log off;
}
# The following 2 rules are only needed for the user_webfinger app.
# Uncomment it if you're planning to use this app.
#rewrite ^/.well-known/host-meta /public.php?service=host-meta last;
#rewrite ^/.well-known/host-meta.json /public.php?service=host-meta-json
# last;
location = /.well-known/carddav {
return 301 $scheme://$host/remote.php/dav;
}
location = /.well-known/caldav {
return 301 $scheme://$host/remote.php/dav;
}
client_max_body_size 1024M;
fastcgi_buffers 64 4K;
# Enable gzip but do not remove ETag headers
gzip on;
gzip_vary on;
gzip_comp_level 4;
gzip_min_length 256;
gzip_proxied expired no-cache no-store private no_last_modified no_etag auth;
gzip_types application/atom+xml application/javascript application/json application/ld+json application/manifest+json application/rss+xml application/vnd.geo+json application/vnd.ms-fontobject application/x-font-ttf application/x-web-app-manifest+json application/xhtml+xml application/xml font/opentype image/bmp image/svg+xml image/x-icon text/cache-manifest text/css text/plain text/vcard text/vnd.rim.location.xloc text/vtt text/x-component text/x-cross-domain-policy;
# Uncomment if your server is build with the ngx_pagespeed module
# This module is currently not supported.
#pagespeed off;
location / {
rewrite ^ /index.php$uri;
}
location ~ ^/(?:build|tests|config|lib|3rdparty|templates|data)/ {
deny all;
}
location ~ ^/(?:\.|autotest|occ|issue|indie|db_|console) {
deny all;
}
location ~ ^/(?:index|remote|public|cron|core/ajax/update|status|ocs/v[12]|updater/.+|ocs-provider/.+)\.php(?:$|/) {
fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.*)$;
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info;
fastcgi_param HTTPS on;
#Avoid sending the security headers twice
fastcgi_param modHeadersAvailable true;
fastcgi_param front_controller_active true;
fastcgi_pass php-handler;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
fastcgi_request_buffering off;
}
location ~ ^/(?:updater|ocs-provider)(?:$|/) {
try_files $uri/ =404;
index index.php;
}
# Adding the cache control header for js and css files
# Make sure it is BELOW the PHP block
location ~ \.(?:css|js|woff|svg|gif)$ {
try_files $uri /index.php$uri$is_args$args;
add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=15778463";
# Add headers to serve security related headers (It is intended to
# have those duplicated to the ones above)
# Before enabling Strict-Transport-Security headers please read into
# this topic first.
# add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000; includeSubDomains; preload;";
#
# WARNING: Only add the preload option once you read about
# the consequences in https://hstspreload.org/. This option
# will add the domain to a hardcoded list that is shipped
# in all major browsers and getting removed from this list
# could take several months.
add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;
add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";
add_header X-Robots-Tag none;
add_header X-Download-Options noopen;
add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies none;
# Optional: Don't log access to assets
access_log off;
}
location ~ \.(?:png|html|ttf|ico|jpg|jpeg)$ {
try_files $uri /index.php$uri$is_args$args;
# Optional: Don't log access to other assets
access_log off;
}
}

3、根据个人需要修改并写入配置：

server_name需要改为域名

ssl_certificate和ssl_certificate_key需要改为SSL证书对应的文件

root需要改为nextcloud文件夹所在路径

4、验证配置文件，重启动nginx服务：

nginx -t

nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok

nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful

systemctl restart nginx

九，网页安装Nextcloud

1、浏览器访问 https://pan.mcitp.cn (如果没有解析域名，请添加host文件)

十、microsoft AD集成与邮件通知

前提条件：

已经安装了php72w-ldap，nextcloud主机能够解析到AD域名。

1、启用组件：

2、配置服务器：

3、配置用户

4、配置登录属性

5、配置配置群组

6、更多高级设置请点击"高级"或者 "专家"按钮

7、配置邮件通知

十一、常见错误

有可能你在访问页面时可以正常显示但是提示你"内部服务器错误"，若出现这个情况有两个可能：

1、Nginx对nextcloud文件夹的访问权限不够，使用如下操作重新给予权限

mkdir -p /var/www/nextcloud/data

chown nginx:nginx -R /var/www/nextcloud/

2、防火墙和SELinux未关闭

systemctl stop firewalld

systemctl disable firewalld

永久关闭SELinux需要编辑文件/etc/selinux/config，将SELINUX=enforcing修改为SELINUX=disabled，重启后生效

3、数据库ERROR 1004\4200错误

在/etc/my.cnf文件里添加"skip-grant-tables"

systemctl restart mariadb

4、维护模式的启用和关闭：

cd /var/www/nextcloud

sudo -u nginx php occ maintenance:mode --on (开启维护模式)

sudo -u nginx php occ maintenance:mode --off （关闭维护模式）

十二、安全与性能优化

1、云盘上传文件大小限制

nextcloud上传文件大小的自身限制为512M，如果要想调整这个大小，操作方法如下：

1）修改php.ini上传文件大小限制

vi /etc/php.ini

max_execution_time = 0    #默认是30秒，改为0，表示没有限制

post_max_size = 10800M    #设定 POST 数据所允许的最大大小,如果POST数据尺寸大于post_max_size $_POST 和 $_FILES superglobals 便会为空.

upload_max_filesize = 10240M   #表示所上传的文件的最大大小

#另外要说明的是,post_max_size 大于 upload_max_filesize 为佳.

2）修改nginx.conf

vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/nextcloud.conf

client_max_body_size 10240M;

3）重启php和nginx服务

systemctl restart php-fpm

systemctl restart nginx

2、配置防火墙：

firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=http

firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=https

firewall-cmd --reload

3、开启缓存

vi /var/www/nextcloud/config/config.php 在第22行下方添加如下配置：

'memcache.local' => '\OC\Memcache\APCu',

'memcache.locking' => '\OC\Memcache\Redis',

'redis' => array(

'host' => 'localhost',

'port' => 6379,

),

完整config.php如下：

systemctl enable redis

systemctl start redis

4、安装更新

yum- y update