Linux文件归档工具——tar
Linux打包压缩命令——tar
一tar工具的介绍
Tar（Tape ARchive，磁带归档的缩写）
NAME
tar - manual page for tar 1.26 SYNOPSIS
tar [OPTION...] [FILE]... DESCRIPTION
GNU `tar' saves many files together into a single tape or disk archive, and can restore indi‐
vidual files from the archive. Note that this manual page contains just very brief description (or more like a list of possi‐
ble functionality) originally generated by the help2man utility. The full documentation for
tar is maintained as a Texinfo manual. If the info and tar programs are properly installed at
your site, the command `info tar' should give you access to the complete manual
二tar工具的使用
tar [OPTION]...
(1) 创建归档
tar -c -f /PATH/TO/SOMEFILE.tar FILE...
(2) 追加文件至归档
注：不支持对压缩文件追加
tar -r -f /PATH/TO/SOMEFILE.tar FILE...
(3) 查看归档文件中的文件列表
tar -t -f /PATH/TO/SOMEFILE.tar
(4) 展开归档
tar -x -f /PATH/TO/SOMEFILE.tar
tar -x -f /PATH/TO/SOMEFILE.tar -C /PATH/
(5) 结合压缩工具实现：归档并压缩
-j: bzip2, -z: gzip, -J: xz
（一）对文件进行打包，并且显示过程
-c表示创建打包文件，和压缩工具一样，要指明对应的后缀
-f表示打包到哪个文件里面
对整个目录进行打包
[root@centos72 ~]# tar -cvf /app/sysconfig.tar /etc/sysconfig/
tar: Removing leading `/' from member names
/etc/sysconfig/
/etc/sysconfig/ip6tables-config
/etc/sysconfig/iptables-config
/etc/sysconfig/cbq/
/etc/sysconfig/cbq/avpkt
/etc/sysconfig/cbq/cbq-0000.example
/etc/sysconfig/rdisc
/etc/sysconfig/console/
/etc/sysconfig/init
/etc/sysconfig/modules/
/etc/sysconfig/netconsole
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-lo
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-bnep
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-eth
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ippp
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ipv6
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-isdn
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-post
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ppp
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-routes
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-sit
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-tunnel
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-aliases
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-bnep
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-eth
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ippp
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ipv6
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-isdn
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-plip
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-plusb
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-post
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ppp
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-routes
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-sit
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-tunnel
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-wireless
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/init.ipv6-global
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/network-functions
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/network-functions-ipv6
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-Team
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-TeamPort
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-Team
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-TeamPort
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens37
/etc/sysconfig/readonly-root
/etc/sysconfig/crond
/etc/sysconfig/run-parts
/etc/sysconfig/selinux
/etc/sysconfig/wpa_supplicant
/etc/sysconfig/ebtables-config
/etc/sysconfig/grub
/etc/sysconfig/irqbalance
/etc/sysconfig/man-db
/etc/sysconfig/rsyslog
/etc/sysconfig/firewalld
/etc/sysconfig/kdump
/etc/sysconfig/sshd
/etc/sysconfig/authconfig
/etc/sysconfig/cpupower
/etc/sysconfig/kernel
/etc/sysconfig/network
/etc/sysconfig/anaconda
/etc/sysconfig/chronyd
/etc/sysconfig/ntpdate
/etc/sysconfig/ntpd
/etc/sysconfig/keepalived
/etc/sysconfig/ipvsadm-config
/etc/sysconfig/nginx
/etc/sysconfig/nginx-debug
/etc/sysconfig/htcacheclean
/etc/sysconfig/httpd
打包的文件变小了，但是实际上没有压缩
[root@centos72 ~]# ls /app/sysconfig.tar -l
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 235520 May 3 10:10 /app/sysconfig.tar
[root@centos72 ~]# ls /app/sysconfig.tar -lh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 230K May 3 10:10 /app/sysconfig.tar
[root@centos72 ~]# du -sh /etc/sysconfig/
368K /etc/sysconfig/
（二）对文件进行打包并且压缩
结合压缩工具实现：归档并压缩 -j: bzip2, -z: gzip, -J: xz
[root@centos72 ~]# tar -zcf /app/sysconfig.tar.gz /etc/sysconfig/
tar: Removing leading `/' from member names
[root@centos72 ~]# tar -Jcf /app/sysconfig.tar.xz /etc/sysconfig/
tar: Removing leading `/' from member names
[root@centos72 ~]# tar -jcf /app/sysconfig.tar.bz2 /etc/sysconfig/
tar: Removing leading `/' from member names
[root@centos72 ~]# ls /app/ -lt
total 4272
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 38103 May 3 10:27 sysconfig.tar.bz2
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 37988 May 3 10:22 sysconfig.tar.xz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 47000 May 3 10:22 sysconfig.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 235520 May 3 10:10 sysconfig.tar
----rwx--- 1 root root 15 May 2 23:42 aa.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 832545 May 2 23:37 messages
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 108052 May 2 23:28 messages.zip
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 80145 May 2 23:24 sysconfig.zip
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 831851 May 2 23:00 m1
-rw------- 1 root root 106019 May 2 22:59 m.gz.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 831851 May 2 22:46 mmm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 831851 May 2 17:58 mm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 49513 May 2 17:58 mm.bz2
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 197701 May 2 17:55 m.z
-rw------- 1 root root 106019 May 2 17:31 m.gz
上面提示tar: Removing leading `/' from member names无关紧要的，如果你显示，那么就在f前面加上P即可
参考文档：https://blog.51cto.com/13447608/2105102
[root@centos72 ~]# tar -jcPf /app/sysconfig.tar.bz2 /etc/sysconfig/
[root@centos72 ~]# tar -JcPf /app/sysconfig.tar.xz /etc/sysconfig/
[root@centos72 ~]# tar -zcPf /app/sysconfig.tar.gz /etc/sysconfig/
（三）查看归档文件中的文件列表
tar -t -f /PATH/TO/SOMEFILE.tar
压缩与否都有效
[root@centos72 ~]# tar -tvf /app/sysconfig.tar.gz
tar: Removing leading `/' from member names
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2019-05-02 14:46 /etc/sysconfig/
-rw------- root/root 2393 2018-11-05 01:03 /etc/sysconfig/ip6tables-config
-rw------- root/root 2374 2018-11-05 01:03 /etc/sysconfig/iptables-config
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2019-01-13 00:15 /etc/sysconfig/cbq/
-rw-r--r-- root/root 11 2018-04-11 16:08 /etc/sysconfig/cbq/avpkt
-rw-r--r-- root/root 79 2018-04-11 16:08 /etc/sysconfig/cbq/cbq-0000.example
-rw-r--r-- root/root 15 2017-08-04 16:01 /etc/sysconfig/rdisc
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2018-10-31 06:57 /etc/sysconfig/console/
-rw-r--r-- root/root 798 2018-10-31 06:57 /etc/sysconfig/init
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2018-10-31 06:57 /etc/sysconfig/modules/
-rw-r--r-- root/root 634 2018-10-31 06:57 /etc/sysconfig/netconsole
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2019-05-02 14:45 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
-rw-r--r-- root/root 254 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-lo
lrwxrwxrwx root/root 0 2019-05-02 14:45 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown -> ../../../usr/sbin/ifdown
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 654 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-bnep
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 6532 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-eth
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 781 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ippp
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 4540 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ipv6
lrwxrwxrwx root/root 0 2019-05-02 14:45 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-isdn -> ifdown-ippp
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 2130 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-post
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 1068 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ppp
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 870 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-routes
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 1456 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-sit
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 1462 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-tunnel
lrwxrwxrwx root/root 0 2019-05-02 14:45 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup -> ../../../usr/sbin/ifup
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 12415 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-aliases
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 910 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-bnep
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 13475 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-eth
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 12075 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ippp
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 11893 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ipv6
lrwxrwxrwx root/root 0 2019-05-02 14:45 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-isdn -> ifup-ippp
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 650 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-plip
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 1064 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-plusb
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 4997 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-post
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 4154 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ppp
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 2001 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-routes
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 3303 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-sit
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 2711 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-tunnel
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 1836 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-wireless
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 5419 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/init.ipv6-global
-rw-r--r-- root/root 20671 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/network-functions
-rw-r--r-- root/root 31027 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/network-functions-ipv6
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 1621 2017-03-18 01:41 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-Team
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 1556 2017-03-18 01:41 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-TeamPort
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 1755 2017-03-18 01:41 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-Team
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 1876 2017-03-18 01:41 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-TeamPort
-rw-r--r-- root/root 206 2019-04-15 17:16 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
-rw-r--r-- root/root 210 2019-04-15 17:18 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens37
-rw-r--r-- root/root 905 2018-10-31 06:57 /etc/sysconfig/readonly-root
-rw------- root/root 110 2018-04-11 09:48 /etc/sysconfig/crond
-rw-r--r-- root/root 0 2014-06-10 06:14 /etc/sysconfig/run-parts
lrwxrwxrwx root/root 0 2019-01-13 00:16 /etc/sysconfig/selinux -> ../selinux/config
-rw-r--r-- root/root 610 2018-10-31 07:03 /etc/sysconfig/wpa_supplicant
-rw------- root/root 1390 2018-04-11 10:44 /etc/sysconfig/ebtables-config
lrwxrwxrwx root/root 0 2019-05-02 14:45 /etc/sysconfig/grub -> ../default/grub
-rw-r--r-- root/root 903 2018-04-11 04:31 /etc/sysconfig/irqbalance
-rw-r--r-- root/root 200 2018-10-30 22:55 /etc/sysconfig/man-db
-rw-r--r-- root/root 196 2018-10-30 22:49 /etc/sysconfig/rsyslog
-rw-r--r-- root/root 73 2018-10-31 06:46 /etc/sysconfig/firewalld
-rw-r--r-- root/root 1722 2018-11-05 01:10 /etc/sysconfig/kdump
-rw-r----- root/root 506 2018-04-11 12:21 /etc/sysconfig/sshd
-rw-r--r-- root/root 483 2019-01-13 00:21 /etc/sysconfig/authconfig
-rw-r--r-- root/root 150 2018-11-09 07:49 /etc/sysconfig/cpupower
-rw-r--r-- root/root 180 2019-01-13 00:21 /etc/sysconfig/kernel
-rw-r--r-- root/root 22 2019-05-02 14:45 /etc/sysconfig/network
-rw-r--r-- root/root 366 2019-01-13 00:22 /etc/sysconfig/anaconda
-rw-r--r-- root/root 46 2018-04-13 01:37 /etc/sysconfig/chronyd
-rw-r--r-- root/root 111 2018-04-11 04:29 /etc/sysconfig/ntpdate
-rw-r--r-- root/root 45 2018-04-11 04:29 /etc/sysconfig/ntpd
-rw-r--r-- root/root 673 2019-04-16 00:33 /etc/sysconfig/keepalived
-rw------- root/root 774 2015-03-06 09:33 /etc/sysconfig/ipvsadm-config
-rw-r--r-- root/root 98 2018-12-04 23:01 /etc/sysconfig/nginx
-rw-r--r-- root/root 148 2018-12-04 23:01 /etc/sysconfig/nginx-debug
-rw-r--r-- root/root 348 2018-10-30 23:00 /etc/sysconfig/htcacheclean
-rw-r--r-- root/root 802 2018-10-30 23:00 /etc/sysconfig/httpd
前面的-可以不加
[root@centos72 ~]# tar -tvf /app/sysconfig.tar.gz
tar: Removing leading `/' from member names
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2019-05-02 14:46 /etc/sysconfig/
-rw------- root/root 2393 2018-11-05 01:03 /etc/sysconfig/ip6tables-config
-rw------- root/root 2374 2018-11-05 01:03 /etc/sysconfig/iptables-config
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2019-01-13 00:15 /etc/sysconfig/cbq/
-rw-r--r-- root/root 11 2018-04-11 16:08 /etc/sysconfig/cbq/avpkt
-rw-r--r-- root/root 79 2018-04-11 16:08 /etc/sysconfig/cbq/cbq-0000.example
-rw-r--r-- root/root 15 2017-08-04 16:01 /etc/sysconfig/rdisc
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2018-10-31 06:57 /etc/sysconfig/console/
-rw-r--r-- root/root 798 2018-10-31 06:57 /etc/sysconfig/init
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2018-10-31 06:57 /etc/sysconfig/modules/
-rw-r--r-- root/root 634 2018-10-31 06:57 /etc/sysconfig/netconsole
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2019-05-02 14:45 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
-rw-r--r-- root/root 254 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-lo
lrwxrwxrwx root/root 0 2019-05-02 14:45 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown -> ../../../usr/sbin/ifdown
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 654 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-bnep
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 6532 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-eth
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 781 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ippp
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 4540 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ipv6
lrwxrwxrwx root/root 0 2019-05-02 14:45 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-isdn -> ifdown-ippp
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 2130 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-post
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 1068 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ppp
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 870 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-routes
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 1456 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-sit
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 1462 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-tunnel
lrwxrwxrwx root/root 0 2019-05-02 14:45 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup -> ../../../usr/sbin/ifup
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 12415 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-aliases
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 910 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-bnep
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 13475 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-eth
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 12075 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ippp
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 11893 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ipv6
lrwxrwxrwx root/root 0 2019-05-02 14:45 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-isdn -> ifup-ippp
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 650 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-plip
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 1064 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-plusb
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 4997 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-post
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 4154 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ppp
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 2001 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-routes
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 3303 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-sit
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 2711 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-tunnel
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 1836 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-wireless
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 5419 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/init.ipv6-global
-rw-r--r-- root/root 20671 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/network-functions
-rw-r--r-- root/root 31027 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/network-functions-ipv6
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 1621 2017-03-18 01:41 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-Team
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 1556 2017-03-18 01:41 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-TeamPort
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 1755 2017-03-18 01:41 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-Team
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 1876 2017-03-18 01:41 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-TeamPort
-rw-r--r-- root/root 206 2019-04-15 17:16 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
-rw-r--r-- root/root 210 2019-04-15 17:18 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens37
-rw-r--r-- root/root 905 2018-10-31 06:57 /etc/sysconfig/readonly-root
-rw------- root/root 110 2018-04-11 09:48 /etc/sysconfig/crond
-rw-r--r-- root/root 0 2014-06-10 06:14 /etc/sysconfig/run-parts
lrwxrwxrwx root/root 0 2019-01-13 00:16 /etc/sysconfig/selinux -> ../selinux/config
-rw-r--r-- root/root 610 2018-10-31 07:03 /etc/sysconfig/wpa_supplicant
-rw------- root/root 1390 2018-04-11 10:44 /etc/sysconfig/ebtables-config
lrwxrwxrwx root/root 0 2019-05-02 14:45 /etc/sysconfig/grub -> ../default/grub
-rw-r--r-- root/root 903 2018-04-11 04:31 /etc/sysconfig/irqbalance
-rw-r--r-- root/root 200 2018-10-30 22:55 /etc/sysconfig/man-db
-rw-r--r-- root/root 196 2018-10-30 22:49 /etc/sysconfig/rsyslog
-rw-r--r-- root/root 73 2018-10-31 06:46 /etc/sysconfig/firewalld
-rw-r--r-- root/root 1722 2018-11-05 01:10 /etc/sysconfig/kdump
-rw-r----- root/root 506 2018-04-11 12:21 /etc/sysconfig/sshd
-rw-r--r-- root/root 483 2019-01-13 00:21 /etc/sysconfig/authconfig
-rw-r--r-- root/root 150 2018-11-09 07:49 /etc/sysconfig/cpupower
-rw-r--r-- root/root 180 2019-01-13 00:21 /etc/sysconfig/kernel
-rw-r--r-- root/root 22 2019-05-02 14:45 /etc/sysconfig/network
-rw-r--r-- root/root 366 2019-01-13 00:22 /etc/sysconfig/anaconda
-rw-r--r-- root/root 46 2018-04-13 01:37 /etc/sysconfig/chronyd
-rw-r--r-- root/root 111 2018-04-11 04:29 /etc/sysconfig/ntpdate
-rw-r--r-- root/root 45 2018-04-11 04:29 /etc/sysconfig/ntpd
-rw-r--r-- root/root 673 2019-04-16 00:33 /etc/sysconfig/keepalived
-rw------- root/root 774 2015-03-06 09:33 /etc/sysconfig/ipvsadm-config
-rw-r--r-- root/root 98 2018-12-04 23:01 /etc/sysconfig/nginx
-rw-r--r-- root/root 148 2018-12-04 23:01 /etc/sysconfig/nginx-debug
-rw-r--r-- root/root 348 2018-10-30 23:00 /etc/sysconfig/htcacheclean
-rw-r--r-- root/root 802 2018-10-30 23:00 /etc/sysconfig/httpd
[root@centos72 ~]# tar -tvf /app/sysconfig.tar.gz
tar: Removing leading `/' from member names
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2019-05-02 14:46 /etc/sysconfig/
-rw------- root/root 2393 2018-11-05 01:03 /etc/sysconfig/ip6tables-config
-rw------- root/root 2374 2018-11-05 01:03 /etc/sysconfig/iptables-config
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2019-01-13 00:15 /etc/sysconfig/cbq/
-rw-r--r-- root/root 11 2018-04-11 16:08 /etc/sysconfig/cbq/avpkt
-rw-r--r-- root/root 79 2018-04-11 16:08 /etc/sysconfig/cbq/cbq-.example
-rw-r--r-- root/root 15 2017-08-04 16:01 /etc/sysconfig/rdisc
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2018-10-31 06:57 /etc/sysconfig/console/
-rw-r--r-- root/root 798 2018-10-31 06:57 /etc/sysconfig/init
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2018-10-31 06:57 /etc/sysconfig/modules/
-rw-r--r-- root/root 634 2018-10-31 06:57 /etc/sysconfig/netconsole
drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2019-05-02 14:45 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
-rw-r--r-- root/root 254 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-lo
lrwxrwxrwx root/root 0 2019-05-02 14:45 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown -> ../../../usr/sbin/ifdown
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 654 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-bnep
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 6532 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-eth
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 781 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ippp
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 4540 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ipv6
lrwxrwxrwx root/root 0 2019-05-02 14:45 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-isdn -> ifdown-ippp
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 2130 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-post
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 1068 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ppp
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 870 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-routes
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 1456 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-sit
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 1462 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-tunnel
lrwxrwxrwx root/root 0 2019-05-02 14:45 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup -> ../../../usr/sbin/ifup
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 12415 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-aliases
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 910 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-bnep
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 13475 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-eth
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 12075 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ippp
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 11893 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ipv6
lrwxrwxrwx root/root 0 2019-05-02 14:45 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-isdn -> ifup-ippp
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 650 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-plip
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 1064 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-plusb
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 4997 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-post
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 4154 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ppp
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 2001 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-routes
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 3303 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-sit
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 2711 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-tunnel
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 1836 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-wireless
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 5419 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/init.ipv6-global
-rw-r--r-- root/root 20671 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/network-functions
-rw-r--r-- root/root 31027 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/network-functions-ipv6
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 1621 2017-03-18 01:41 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-Team
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 1556 2017-03-18 01:41 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-TeamPort
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 1755 2017-03-18 01:41 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-Team
-rwxr-xr-x root/root 1876 2017-03-18 01:41 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-TeamPort
-rw-r--r-- root/root 206 2019-04-15 17:16 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
-rw-r--r-- root/root 210 2019-04-15 17:18 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens37
-rw-r--r-- root/root 905 2018-10-31 06:57 /etc/sysconfig/readonly-root
-rw------- root/root 110 2018-04-11 09:48 /etc/sysconfig/crond
-rw-r--r-- root/root 0 2014-06-10 06:14 /etc/sysconfig/run-parts
lrwxrwxrwx root/root 0 2019-01-13 00:16 /etc/sysconfig/selinux -> ../selinux/config
-rw-r--r-- root/root 610 2018-10-31 07:03 /etc/sysconfig/wpa_supplicant
-rw------- root/root 1390 2018-04-11 10:44 /etc/sysconfig/ebtables-config
lrwxrwxrwx root/root 0 2019-05-02 14:45 /etc/sysconfig/grub -> ../default/grub
-rw-r--r-- root/root 903 2018-04-11 04:31 /etc/sysconfig/irqbalance
-rw-r--r-- root/root 200 2018-10-30 22:55 /etc/sysconfig/man-db
-rw-r--r-- root/root 196 2018-10-30 22:49 /etc/sysconfig/rsyslog
-rw-r--r-- root/root 73 2018-10-31 06:46 /etc/sysconfig/firewalld
-rw-r--r-- root/root 1722 2018-11-05 01:10 /etc/sysconfig/kdump
-rw-r----- root/root 506 2018-04-11 12:21 /etc/sysconfig/sshd
-rw-r--r-- root/root 483 2019-01-13 00:21 /etc/sysconfig/authconfig
-rw-r--r-- root/root 150 2018-11-09 07:49 /etc/sysconfig/cpupower
-rw-r--r-- root/root 180 2019-01-13 00:21 /etc/sysconfig/kernel
-rw-r--r-- root/root 22 2019-05-02 14:45 /etc/sysconfig/network
-rw-r--r-- root/root 366 2019-01-13 00:22 /etc/sysconfig/anaconda
-rw-r--r-- root/root 46 2018-04-13 01:37 /etc/sysconfig/chronyd
-rw-r--r-- root/root 111 2018-04-11 04:29 /etc/sysconfig/ntpdate
-rw-r--r-- root/root 45 2018-04-11 04:29 /etc/sysconfig/ntpd
-rw-r--r-- root/root 673 2019-04-16 00:33 /etc/sysconfig/keepalived
-rw------- root/root 774 2015-03-06 09:33 /etc/sysconfig/ipvsadm-config
-rw-r--r-- root/root 98 2018-12-04 23:01 /etc/sysconfig/nginx
-rw-r--r-- root/root 148 2018-12-04 23:01 /etc/sysconfig/nginx-debug
-rw-r--r-- root/root 348 2018-10-30 23:00 /etc/sysconfig/htcacheclean
-rw-r--r-- root/root 802 2018-10-30 23:00 /etc/sysconfig/httpd
（四）对文件进行解压缩
展开归档
tar -x -f /PATH/TO/SOMEFILE.tar 解压到当前目录
tar -x -f /PATH/TO/SOMEFILE.tar -C /PATH/ 解压到特定的目录
[root@centos72 ~]# tar xvf /app/sysconfig.tar.gz -C /app/
[root@centos72 ~]# ls /app -lth
total 4.2M
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 23 May 3 10:59 etc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 46K May 3 10:32 sysconfig.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 38K May 3 10:32 sysconfig.tar.xz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 38K May 3 10:31 sysconfig.tar.bz2
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 230K May 3 10:10 sysconfig.tar
----rwx--- 1 root root 15 May 2 23:42 aa.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 814K May 2 23:37 messages
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 106K May 2 23:28 messages.zip
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 79K May 2 23:24 sysconfig.zip
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 813K May 2 23:00 m1
-rw------- 1 root root 104K May 2 22:59 m.gz.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 813K May 2 22:46 mmm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 813K May 2 17:58 mm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 49K May 2 17:58 mm.bz2
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 194K May 2 17:55 m.z
-rw------- 1 root root 104K May 2 17:31 m.gz
解压缩文件大小和原目录里面的文件大小是一样的，说明解压缩成功了
[root@centos72 ~]# du -sh /etc/sysconfig/
368K /etc/sysconfig/
[root@centos72 ~]# du -sh /app/etc/sysconfig/
368K /app/etc/sysconfig/
[root@centos72 ~]# ll /etc/sysconfig/ -d
drwxr-xr-x. 6 root root 4096 May 2 14:46 /etc/sysconfig/
[root@centos72 ~]# ll /app/etc/sysconfig/ -d
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 May 2 14:46 /app/etc/sysconfig/
-T选项指定输入文件,-X选项指定包含要排除的文件列表
创建文件并且添加要压缩的文件
[root@centos72 ~]# cat filelist.txt
/etc/issue
/etc/passwd
/etc/services
/root/anaconda-ks.cfg
如果文件名很长可以在文件里面输入:r!ls ，文件的路径就会自动补齐
:r!ls /root/anaconda-ks.cfg，按回车键就会把文件的完整路径输入到光标指定的地方
读取文件里面的文件列表，并且进行压缩
[root@centos72 ~]# tar -T filelist.txt -Jcvf /app/fl.xz
tar: Removing leading `/' from member names
/etc/issue
/etc/passwd
/etc/services
/root/anaconda-ks.cfg
[root@centos72 ~]# ls /app
aa.txt fl.xz messages m.gz mm mmm sysconfig.tar sysconfig.tar.gz sysconfig.zip
etc m1 messages.zip m.gz.txt mm.bz2 m.z sysconfig.tar.bz2 sysconfig.tar.xz
[root@centos72 ~]# ls /app/fl.xz
/app/fl.xz
[root@centos72 ~]# ls /app/fl.xz -l
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 101048 May 3 11:21 /app/fl.xz
[root@centos72 ~]# ls /app/fl.xz -lh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 99K May 3 11:21 /app/fl.xz
tar: Removing leading `/' from member names表示把文件最前面的/删除了
预览的时候可看到，这样做的好处是解压的时候文件是相对路径，不会覆盖原来的文件
[root@centos72 ~]# tar tvf /app/fl.xz
-rw-r--r-- root/root 23 2018-11-23 21:16 etc/issue
-rw-r--r-- root/root 1161 2019-05-02 14:05 etc/passwd
-rw-r--r-- root/root 670293 2013-06-07 22:31 etc/services
-rw------- root/root 1592 2019-01-13 00:22 root/anaconda-ks.cfg
分割大的 tar 文件为多份小文件：
split –b Size –d tar-file-name prefix-name
split -b 1M –d mybackup.tgz mybackup-parts
split -b 1M mybackup.tgz mybackup-parts
有些网站对文件大小有限制，那么就要先把文件切割成小份再上传
对系统目录进行打包压缩，并且切分成4M一个的文件
[root@centos72 ~]# tar cf /app/etc.tar /etc/
tar: Removing leading `/' from member names
[root@centos72 ~]# ls /app/etc.tar -lh
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 32M May 3 11:31 /app/etc.tar
[root@centos72 ~]# split -b 4M /app/etc.tar /app/etc
[root@centos72 ~]# ls /app -lt
total 69492
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3981312 May 3 11:34 etcah
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4194304 May 3 11:34 etcag
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4194304 May 3 11:34 etcaf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4194304 May 3 11:34 etcae
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4194304 May 3 11:34 etcad
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4194304 May 3 11:34 etcac
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4194304 May 3 11:34 etcab
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4194304 May 3 11:34 etcaa
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 33341440 May 3 11:31 etc.tar
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 101048 May 3 11:21 fl.xz
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 23 May 3 10:59 etc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 46994 May 3 10:32 sysconfig.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 37992 May 3 10:32 sysconfig.tar.xz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 38109 May 3 10:31 sysconfig.tar.bz2
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 235520 May 3 10:10 sysconfig.tar
----rwx--- 1 root root 15 May 2 23:42 aa.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 832545 May 2 23:37 messages
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 108052 May 2 23:28 messages.zip
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 80145 May 2 23:24 sysconfig.zip
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 831851 May 2 23:00 m1
-rw------- 1 root root 106019 May 2 22:59 m.gz.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 831851 May 2 22:46 mmm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 831851 May 2 17:58 mm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 49513 May 2 17:58 mm.bz2
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 197701 May 2 17:55 m.z
-rw------- 1 root root 106019 May 2 17:31 m.gz
[root@centos72 ~]# ls /app -lth
total 68M
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3.8M May 3 11:34 etcah
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4.0M May 3 11:34 etcag
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4.0M May 3 11:34 etcaf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4.0M May 3 11:34 etcae
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4.0M May 3 11:34 etcad
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4.0M May 3 11:34 etcac
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4.0M May 3 11:34 etcab
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4.0M May 3 11:34 etcaa
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 32M May 3 11:31 etc.tar
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 99K May 3 11:21 fl.xz
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 23 May 3 10:59 etc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 46K May 3 10:32 sysconfig.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 38K May 3 10:32 sysconfig.tar.xz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 38K May 3 10:31 sysconfig.tar.bz2
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 230K May 3 10:10 sysconfig.tar
----rwx--- 1 root root 15 May 2 23:42 aa.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 814K May 2 23:37 messages
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 106K May 2 23:28 messages.zip
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 79K May 2 23:24 sysconfig.zip
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 813K May 2 23:00 m1
-rw------- 1 root root 104K May 2 22:59 m.gz.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 813K May 2 22:46 mmm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 813K May 2 17:58 mm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 49K May 2 17:58 mm.bz2
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 194K May 2 17:55 m.z
-rw------- 1 root root 104K May 2 17:31 m.gz
把文件还原为原始文件，也就是对文件进行合并
把文件读取出来并且重定向到一个文件里面即可
[root@centos72 ~]# cat /app/etca* > /app/etc2
[root@centos72 ~]# ls /app -lth
total 100M
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 32M May 3 11:40 etc2
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3.8M May 3 11:34 etcah
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4.0M May 3 11:34 etcag
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4.0M May 3 11:34 etcaf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4.0M May 3 11:34 etcae
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4.0M May 3 11:34 etcad
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4.0M May 3 11:34 etcac
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4.0M May 3 11:34 etcab
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4.0M May 3 11:34 etcaa
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 32M May 3 11:31 etc.tar
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 99K May 3 11:21 fl.xz
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 23 May 3 10:59 etc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 46K May 3 10:32 sysconfig.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 38K May 3 10:32 sysconfig.tar.xz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 38K May 3 10:31 sysconfig.tar.bz2
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 230K May 3 10:10 sysconfig.tar
----rwx--- 1 root root 15 May 2 23:42 aa.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 814K May 2 23:37 messages
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 106K May 2 23:28 messages.zip
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 79K May 2 23:24 sysconfig.zip
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 813K May 2 23:00 m1
-rw------- 1 root root 104K May 2 22:59 m.gz.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 813K May 2 22:46 mmm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 813K May 2 17:58 mm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 49K May 2 17:58 mm.bz2
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 194K May 2 17:55 m.z
-rw------- 1 root root 104K May 2 17:31 m.gz
以数字方式区分不同的文件
[root@centos72 ~]# split -d -b 4M /app/etc.tar /app/etc
[root@centos72 ~]# ls /app -lth
total 132M
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3.8M May 3 11:42 etc07
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4.0M May 3 11:42 etc06
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4.0M May 3 11:42 etc05
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4.0M May 3 11:42 etc04
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4.0M May 3 11:42 etc03
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4.0M May 3 11:42 etc02
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4.0M May 3 11:42 etc01
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4.0M May 3 11:42 etc00
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 32M May 3 11:40 etc2
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 3.8M May 3 11:34 etcah
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4.0M May 3 11:34 etcag
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4.0M May 3 11:34 etcaf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4.0M May 3 11:34 etcae
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4.0M May 3 11:34 etcad
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4.0M May 3 11:34 etcac
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4.0M May 3 11:34 etcab
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4.0M May 3 11:34 etcaa
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 32M May 3 11:31 etc.tar
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 99K May 3 11:21 fl.xz
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 23 May 3 10:59 etc
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 46K May 3 10:32 sysconfig.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 38K May 3 10:32 sysconfig.tar.xz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 38K May 3 10:31 sysconfig.tar.bz2
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 230K May 3 10:10 sysconfig.tar
----rwx--- 1 root root 15 May 2 23:42 aa.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 814K May 2 23:37 messages
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 106K May 2 23:28 messages.zip
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 79K May 2 23:24 sysconfig.zip
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 813K May 2 23:00 m1
-rw------- 1 root root 104K May 2 22:59 m.gz.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 813K May 2 22:46 mmm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 813K May 2 17:58 mm
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 49K May 2 17:58 mm.bz2
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 194K May 2 17:55 m.z
-rw------- 1 root root 104K May 2 17:31 m.gz
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