Dictionary 序列化与反序列化

[转：http://blog.csdn.net/woaixiaozhe/article/details/7873582]

1.说明：Dictionary对象本身不支持序列化和反序列化，需要定义一个继承自Dictionary, IXmlSerializable类的自定义类来实现该功能。感觉完全可以把这样的类封装到C#库中，很具有通用性嘛，至今没有遇到不能用的情况的说，或许出于其他方面的考虑microsoft才没有这么做。

2.SerializableDictionary自定义类

     [Serializable]
     public class SerializableDictionary<TKey, TValue> : Dictionary<TKey, TValue>, IXmlSerializable
     {
         public SerializableDictionary() { }
         public void WriteXml(XmlWriter write)       // Serializer
         {
             XmlSerializer KeySerializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(TKey));
             XmlSerializer ValueSerializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(TValue));

             foreach (KeyValuePair<TKey, TValue> kv in this)
             {
                 write.WriteStartElement("SerializableDictionary");
                 write.WriteStartElement("key");
                 KeySerializer.Serialize(write, kv.Key);
                 write.WriteEndElement();
                 write.WriteStartElement("value");
                 ValueSerializer.Serialize(write, kv.Value);
                 write.WriteEndElement();
                 write.WriteEndElement();
             }
         }
         public void ReadXml(XmlReader reader)       // Deserializer
         {
             reader.Read();
             XmlSerializer KeySerializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(TKey));
             XmlSerializer ValueSerializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(TValue));

             while (reader.NodeType != XmlNodeType.EndElement)
             {
                 reader.ReadStartElement("SerializableDictionary");
                 reader.ReadStartElement("key");
                 TKey tk = (TKey)KeySerializer.Deserialize(reader);
                 reader.ReadEndElement();
                 reader.ReadStartElement("value");
                 TValue vl = (TValue)ValueSerializer.Deserialize(reader);
                 reader.ReadEndElement();
                 reader.ReadEndElement();
                 this.Add(tk, vl);
                 reader.MoveToContent();
             }
             reader.ReadEndElement();

         }
         public XmlSchema GetSchema()
         {
             return null;
         }
     }

3.使用

a.定义SerializableDictionary对象，这里以存储<string,string>键对为例：

 SerializableDictionary<string, string> serializableDictionary = new SerializableDictionary<string, string>();  

b.添加元素

 serializableDictionary.Add("Key1", “Value1”);  

c.序列化

 using (FileStream fileStream = new FileStream(fileName, FileMode.Create))
 {
     XmlSerializer xmlFormatter = new XmlSerializer(typeof(SerializableDictionary<string, string>));
     xmlFormatter.Serialize(fileStream, this.serializableDictionary);
 }  

注：文件名fileName自己定义，如“file.xml”

d.反序列化

 using (FileStream fileStream = new FileStream(fileName, FileMode.Open))
 {
     XmlSerializer xmlFormatter = new XmlSerializer(typeof(SerializableDictionary<string, string>));
     this.serializableDictionary = (SerializableDictionary<string,string>)xmlFormatter.Deserialize(fileStream);
 }