Netty实现简单HTTP服务器

netty

package com.dxz.nettydemo.http;

import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;

import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;

import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;

import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;

import io.netty.handler.codec.http.DefaultFullHttpResponse;

import io.netty.handler.codec.http.FullHttpResponse;

import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpRequest;

import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpResponseStatus;

import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpVersion;

import io.netty.handler.codec.http.QueryStringDecoder;

class HttpServerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {

    @Override

    public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws UnsupportedEncodingException {

        if (msg instanceof HttpRequest) {

            // 请求，解码器将请求转换成HttpRequest对象

            HttpRequest request = (HttpRequest) msg;

            // 获取请求参数

            QueryStringDecoder queryStringDecoder = new QueryStringDecoder(request.getUri());

            String name = "World";

            if (queryStringDecoder.parameters().get("name") != null) {

                name = queryStringDecoder.parameters().get("name").get(0);

            }

            // 响应HTML

            String responseHtml = "<html><body>Hello, " + name + "</body></html>";

            byte[] responseBytes = responseHtml.getBytes("UTF-8");

            int contentLength = responseBytes.length;

            // 构造FullHttpResponse对象，FullHttpResponse包含message body

            FullHttpResponse response = new DefaultFullHttpResponse(HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1, HttpResponseStatus.OK,

                    Unpooled.wrappedBuffer(responseBytes));

            response.headers().set("Content-Type", "text/html; charset=utf-8");

            response.headers().set("Content-Length", Integer.toString(contentLength));

            ctx.writeAndFlush(response);

        }

    }

    @Override

    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) {

        cause.printStackTrace();

        ctx.close();

    }

}

主类：

package com.dxz.nettydemo.http;

import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;

import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;

import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;

import io.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline;

import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;

import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;

import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;

import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;

import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpServerCodec;

public class HttpServer {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

        EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();

        EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();

        try {

            ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();

            b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup)

                    .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)

                    .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {

                        @Override

                        public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {

                            ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();

                            pipeline.addLast(new HttpServerCodec());

                            pipeline.addLast(new HttpServerHandler());

                        }

                    });

            ChannelFuture f = b.bind(8080).sync();

            f.channel().closeFuture().sync();

        } finally {

            workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();

            bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();

        }

    }

}

测试：

用浏览器访问：http://localhost:8080/

netty构建的文件服务器

1、首先加入的是HTTP请求消息解码器
ch.pipeline().addLast("http-decoder", new HttpRequestDecoder());
2、第2添加HttpObjectAggregator解密器，其作用是将多个消息转换为单一的FullHttpRequest或者FullHttpResponse，原因是HTTP解码器在每个HTTP消息中会生成多个消息对象：有1、HttpRequest/HttpResponse;2、HttpContent；3、LastHttpContent；
ch.pipeline().addLast("http-aggregator", new HttpObjectAggregator(65536));
3、第3增加HTTP响应编码器，对HTTP响应信息进行编码
ch.pipeline().addLast("http-encoder", new HttpResponseEncoder());
4、第4Chunked handler的主要作用是支持异步发送大的码流（例如大的文件传输），但不占用过多的内存，防止发生JAVA内存溢出错误
ch.pipeline().addLast("http-chunked", new ChunkedWriteHandler());
5、第5HttpFileServerHandler用于文件服务器的业务逻辑处理

package com.dxz.nettydemo.http;

import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;

import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;

import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;

import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup;

import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;

import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;

import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;

import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpObjectAggregator;

import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpRequestDecoder;

import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpResponseEncoder;

import io.netty.handler.stream.ChunkedWriteHandler;

public class HttpFileServer {

    private static final String DEFAULT_URL = "/src/main/java/com/dxz/nettydemo/http";

    public void run(final int port, final String url) throws Exception {

        EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();

        EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();

        try {

            ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();

            b.group(bossGroup, workerGroup).channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)

                    .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {

                        @Override

                        protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {

                            //首先加入的是HTTP请求消息解码器

                            ch.pipeline().addLast("http-decoder", new HttpRequestDecoder());

                            //第2添加HttpObjectAggregator解密器，其作用是将多个消息转换为单一的FullHttpRequest或者FullHttpResponse，

                            //原因是HTTP解码器在每个HTTP消息中会生成多个消息对象：有1、HttpRequest/HttpResponse;2、HttpContent；3、LastHttpContent；

                            ch.pipeline().addLast("http-aggregator", new HttpObjectAggregator(65536));

                            //第3增加HTTP响应编码器，对HTTP响应信息进行编码

                            ch.pipeline().addLast("http-encoder", new HttpResponseEncoder());

                            //第4Chunked handler的主要作用是支持异步发送大的码流（例如大的文件传输），但不占用过多的内存，防止发生JAVA内存溢出错误

                            ch.pipeline().addLast("http-chunked", new ChunkedWriteHandler());

                            //第5HttpFileServerHandler用于文件服务器的业务逻辑处理

                            ch.pipeline().addLast("fileServerHandler", new HttpFileServerHandler(url));

                        }

                    });

            ChannelFuture future = b.bind("localhost", port).sync();

            System.out.println("HTTP文件目录服务器启动，网址是 : " + "http://localhost:" + port + url);

            future.channel().closeFuture().sync();

        } finally {

            bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();

            workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();

        }

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

        int port = 8080;

        if (args.length > 0) {

            try {

                port = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);

            } catch (NumberFormatException e) {

                e.printStackTrace();

            }

        }

        String url = DEFAULT_URL;

        if (args.length > 1)

            url = args[1];

        new HttpFileServer().run(port, url);

    }

}

文件读取下载

package com.dxz.nettydemo.http;

import static io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpHeaders.isKeepAlive;

import static io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpHeaders.setContentLength;

import static io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpHeaders.Names.CONNECTION;

import static io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpHeaders.Names.CONTENT_TYPE;

import static io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpHeaders.Names.LOCATION;

import static io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpMethod.GET;

import static io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpResponseStatus.BAD_REQUEST;

import static io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpResponseStatus.FORBIDDEN;

import static io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpResponseStatus.FOUND;

import static io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpResponseStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR;

import static io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpResponseStatus.METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED;

import static io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpResponseStatus.NOT_FOUND;

import static io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpResponseStatus.OK;

import static io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpVersion.HTTP_1_1;

import io.netty.buffer.ByteBuf;

import io.netty.buffer.Unpooled;

import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture;

import io.netty.channel.ChannelFutureListener;

import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;

import io.netty.channel.ChannelProgressiveFuture;

import io.netty.channel.ChannelProgressiveFutureListener;

import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler;

import io.netty.handler.codec.http.DefaultFullHttpResponse;

import io.netty.handler.codec.http.DefaultHttpResponse;

import io.netty.handler.codec.http.FullHttpRequest;

import io.netty.handler.codec.http.FullHttpResponse;

import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpHeaders;

import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpResponse;

import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpResponseStatus;

import io.netty.handler.codec.http.LastHttpContent;

import io.netty.handler.stream.ChunkedFile;

import io.netty.util.CharsetUtil;

import java.io.File;

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;

import java.io.RandomAccessFile;

import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;

import java.net.URLDecoder;

import java.util.regex.Pattern;

import javax.activation.MimetypesFileTypeMap;

public class HttpFileServerHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<FullHttpRequest> {

    private final String url;

    public HttpFileServerHandler(String url) {

        this.url = url;

    }

    @Override

    public void messageReceived(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, FullHttpRequest request) throws Exception {

        //http请求消息解码结果的判断，如果解码失败，直接返回构造HTTP400    错误返回

        if (!request.getDecoderResult().isSuccess()) {

            sendError(ctx, BAD_REQUEST);

            return;

        }

        if (request.getMethod() != GET) {

            sendError(ctx, METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED);

            return;

        }

        final String uri = request.getUri();

        final String path = sanitizeUri(uri);

        if (path == null) {

            sendError(ctx, FORBIDDEN);

            return;

        }

        File file = new File(path);

        if (file.isHidden() || !file.exists()) {

            sendError(ctx, NOT_FOUND);

            return;

        }

        if (file.isDirectory()) {

            if (uri.endsWith("/")) {

                sendListing(ctx, file);

            } else {

                sendRedirect(ctx, uri + '/');

            }

            return;

        }

        if (!file.isFile()) {

            sendError(ctx, FORBIDDEN);

            return;

        }

        RandomAccessFile randomAccessFile = null;

        try {

            randomAccessFile = new RandomAccessFile(file, "r");// 以只读的方式打开文件

        } catch (FileNotFoundException fnfe) {

            sendError(ctx, NOT_FOUND);

            return;

        }

        //待下载文件的长度

        long fileLength = randomAccessFile.length();

        HttpResponse response = new DefaultHttpResponse(HTTP_1_1, OK);

        setContentLength(response, fileLength);

        setContentTypeHeader(response, file);

        if (isKeepAlive(request)) {

            response.headers().set(CONNECTION, HttpHeaders.Values.KEEP_ALIVE);

        }

        ctx.write(response);

        ChannelFuture sendFileFuture;

        //通过netty的ChunkedFile对象将文件写入到发送缓冲区

        sendFileFuture = ctx.write(new ChunkedFile(randomAccessFile, 0, fileLength, 8192), ctx.newProgressivePromise());

        sendFileFuture.addListener(new ChannelProgressiveFutureListener() {

            public void operationProgressed(ChannelProgressiveFuture future, long progress, long total) {

                if (total < 0) { // total unknown

                    System.err.println("Transfer progress: " + progress);

                } else {

                    System.err.println("Transfer progress: " + progress + " / " + total);

                }

            }

            public void operationComplete(ChannelProgressiveFuture future) throws Exception {

                System.out.println("Transfer complete.");

            }

        });

        //使用chunked编码，最后需要发送一个编码结束 的空消息体，将LastHttpContent的EMPTY_LAST_CONTENT发送到缓冲区中，标识所有的消息体已经发送完成，同时

        //用flush方法将之前在发送缓冲区的消息刷新到SocketChannel中发送给对方

        ChannelFuture lastContentFuture = ctx.writeAndFlush(LastHttpContent.EMPTY_LAST_CONTENT);

        //如果不是keep-alive，服务端在发送完成之后，服务端主动关闭连接

        if (!isKeepAlive(request)) {

            lastContentFuture.addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE);

        }

    }

    @Override

    public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {

        cause.printStackTrace();

        if (ctx.channel().isActive()) {

            sendError(ctx, INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR);

        }

    }

    private static final Pattern INSECURE_URI = Pattern.compile(".*[<>&\"].*");

    /**

     * 请求路径的处理

     * @param uri

     * @return

     */

    private String sanitizeUri(String uri) {

        try {

            uri = URLDecoder.decode(uri, "UTF-8");

        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {

            try {

                uri = URLDecoder.decode(uri, "ISO-8859-1");

            } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) {

                throw new Error();

            }

        }

        if (!uri.startsWith(url)) {

            return null;

        }

        if (!uri.startsWith("/")) {

            return null;

        }

        uri = uri.replace('/', File.separatorChar);

        if (uri.contains(File.separator + '.') || uri.contains('.' + File.separator) || uri.startsWith(".")

                || uri.endsWith(".") || INSECURE_URI.matcher(uri).matches()) {

            return null;

        }

        return System.getProperty("user.dir") + File.separator + uri;

    }

    private static final Pattern ALLOWED_FILE_NAME = Pattern.compile("[A-Za-z0-9][-_A-Za-z0-9\\.]*");

    private static void sendListing(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, File dir) {

        //创建成功的HTTP响应消息

        FullHttpResponse response = new DefaultFullHttpResponse(HTTP_1_1, OK);

        //设置消息头类型

        response.headers().set(CONTENT_TYPE, "text/html; charset=UTF-8");

        //构造响应消息体

        StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();

        String dirPath = dir.getPath();

        buf.append("<!DOCTYPE html>\r\n");

        buf.append("<html><head><title>");

        buf.append(dirPath);

        buf.append(" 目录：");

        buf.append("</title></head><body>\r\n");

        buf.append("<h3>");

        buf.append(dirPath).append(" 目录：");

        buf.append("</h3>\r\n");

        buf.append("<ul>");

        buf.append("<li>链接：<a href=\"../\">..</a></li>\r\n");

        for (File f : dir.listFiles()) {

            if (f.isHidden() || !f.canRead()) {

                continue;

            }

            String name = f.getName();

            if (!ALLOWED_FILE_NAME.matcher(name).matches()) {

                continue;

            }

            buf.append("<li>链接：<a href=\"");

            buf.append(name);

            buf.append("\">");

            buf.append(name);

            buf.append("</a></li>\r\n");

        }

        buf.append("</ul></body></html>\r\n");

        //分配对应消息的缓冲对象

        ByteBuf buffer = Unpooled.copiedBuffer(buf, CharsetUtil.UTF_8);

        //将缓冲区中的响应消息存放到HTTP应答消息中

        response.content().writeBytes(buffer);

        //释放缓冲区

        buffer.release();

        //将响应消息刷新到SocketChannel中

        ctx.writeAndFlush(response).addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE);

    }

    private static void sendRedirect(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, String newUri) {

        FullHttpResponse response = new DefaultFullHttpResponse(HTTP_1_1, FOUND);

        response.headers().set(LOCATION, newUri);

        ctx.writeAndFlush(response).addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE);

    }

    private static void sendError(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, HttpResponseStatus status) {

        FullHttpResponse response = new DefaultFullHttpResponse(HTTP_1_1, status,

                Unpooled.copiedBuffer("Failure: " + status.toString() + "\r\n", CharsetUtil.UTF_8));

        response.headers().set(CONTENT_TYPE, "text/plain; charset=UTF-8");

        ctx.writeAndFlush(response).addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE);

    }

    private static void setContentTypeHeader(HttpResponse response, File file) {

        MimetypesFileTypeMap mimeTypesMap = new MimetypesFileTypeMap();

        response.headers().set(CONTENT_TYPE, mimeTypesMap.getContentType(file.getPath()));

    }

}

演示：

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