python

今日内容:
注意: selenium驱动的浏览器是干净的，没有任何缓存。

1、selenium剩余用法
2、selenium万能登录破解
3、selenium爬取京东商品信息
4、破解极验滑动验证码

Xpath语法:

今日作业:
1、总结课堂知识点，写博客
2、爬取京东商品信息
3、滑动验证（提高题）

一、自动登录抽屉新热榜

from selenium import webdriver

import time

driver = webdriver.Chrome(r'D:\BaiduNetdiskDownload\chromedriver_win32\chromedriver.exe')

# 把窗口转成全屏

driver.maximize_window()

try:

    driver.get('https://dig.chouti.com/')

    driver.implicitly_wait(10)

    time.sleep(5)

    # 1、点击登录

    login_btn = driver.find_element_by_id('login_btn')

    login_btn.click()

    time.sleep(2)

    # 2、输入用户名

    phone = driver.find_element_by_class_name('login-phone')

    phone.send_keys('')

    # 3、输入密码

    pwd = driver.find_element_by_class_name('pwd-password-input')

    pwd.send_keys('kermit46709394')

    # 4、确认登录

    login_submit = driver.find_element_by_class_name('btn-large')

    login_submit.click()

    time.sleep(20)

# 捕获异常并打印

except Exception as e:

    print(e)

finally:

    driver.close()

二、 selenium选择器之Xpath

from selenium import webdriver

driver = webdriver.Chrome(r'D:\BaiduNetdiskDownload\chromedriver_win32\chromedriver.exe')

try:

    # 隐式等待: 写在get请求前

    driver.implicitly_wait(5)

    driver.get('https://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/_static/selectors-sample1.html')

    # 显式等待: 写在get请求后

    # wait.until(...)

    '''

<html>

 <head>

  <base href='http://example.com/' />

  <title>Example website</title>

 </head>

 <body>

  <div id='images'>

   <a href='image1.html'>Name: My image 1 <br /><img src='image1_thumb.jpg' /></a>

   <a href='image2.html'>Name: My image 2 <br /><img src='image2_thumb.jpg' /></a>

   <a href='image3.html'>Name: My image 3 <br /><img src='image3_thumb.jpg' /></a>

   <a href='image4.html'>Name: My image 4 <br /><img src='image4_thumb.jpg' /></a>

   <a href='image5.html'>Name: My image 5 <br /><img src='image5_thumb.jpg' /></a>

  </div>

 </body>

</html>

    '''

    # 根据xpath语法查找元素

    # / 从根节点开始找第一个

    html = driver.find_element_by_xpath('/html')

    # html = driver.find_element_by_xpath('/head')  # 报错

    print(html.tag_name)

    # // 从根节点开始找任意一个节点

    div = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//div')

    print(div.tag_name)

    # @

    # 查找id为images的div节点

    div = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//div[@id="images"]')

    print(div.tag_name)

    print(div.text)

    # 找到第一个a节点

    a = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//a')

    print(a.tag_name)

    # 找到所有a节点

    a_s = driver.find_elements_by_xpath('//a')

    print(a_s)

    # 找到第一个a节点的href属性

    # get_attribute:获取节点中某个属性

    a = driver.find_element_by_xpath('//a').get_attribute('href')

    print(a)

finally:

    driver.close()

三、selenium剩余操作

''''''

'''

点击、清除操作

'''

# from selenium import webdriver

# from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys

# import time

#

# driver = webdriver.Chrome(r'D:\BaiduNetdiskDownload\chromedriver_win32\chromedriver.exe')

#

# try:

#     driver.implicitly_wait(10)

#     # 1、往jd发送请求

#     driver.get('https://www.jd.com/')

#     # 找到输入框输入围城

#     input_tag = driver.find_element_by_id('key')

#     input_tag.send_keys('围城')

#     # 键盘回车

#     input_tag.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)

#     time.sleep(2)

#     # 找到输入框输入墨菲定律

#     input_tag = driver.find_element_by_id('key')

#     input_tag.clear()

#     input_tag.send_keys('墨菲定律')

#     # 找到搜索按钮点击搜索

#     button = driver.find_element_by_class_name('button')

#     button.click()

#     time.sleep(10)

#

# finally:

#     driver.close()

'''

获取cookies  （了解）

'''

# from selenium import webdriver

# import time

#

# driver = webdriver.Chrome(r'D:\BaiduNetdiskDownload\chromedriver_win32\chromedriver.exe')

#

# try:

#     driver.implicitly_wait(10)

#     driver.get('https://www.zhihu.com/explore')

#     print(driver.get_cookies())

#

#     time.sleep(10)

# finally:

#     driver.close()

'''

选项卡

'''

#选项卡管理：切换选项卡，有js的方式windows.open,有windows快捷键：

# ctrl+t等，最通用的就是js的方式

# import time

# from selenium import webdriver

#

# browser = webdriver.Chrome()

# try:

#     browser.get('https://www.baidu.com')

#

#     # execute_script: 执行javascrpit代码

#     # 弹窗操作

#     # browser.execute_script('alert("tank")')

#     # 新建浏览器窗口

#     browser.execute_script(

#         '''

#         window.open();

#         '''

#     )

#     time.sleep(1)

#     print(browser.window_handles)  # 获取所有的选项卡

#     # 切换到第二个窗口

#     # 新:

#     browser.switch_to.window(browser.window_handles[1])

#     # 旧:

#     # browser.switch_to_window(browser.window_handles[1])

#

#     # 第二个窗口往淘宝发送请求

#     browser.get('https://www.taobao.com')

#     time.sleep(5)

#

#     # 切换到第一个窗口

#     browser.switch_to_window(browser.window_handles[0])

#     browser.get('https://www.sina.com.cn')

#

#     time.sleep(10)

# finally:

#     browser.close()

'''

ActionChangs动作链

'''

# from selenium import webdriver

# from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains

# import time

#

# driver = webdriver.Chrome()

# driver.implicitly_wait(10)

# driver.get('http://www.runoob.com/try/try.php?filename=jqueryui-api-droppable')

#

# try:

#

#     # driver.switch_to_frame('iframeResult')

#     # 切换到id为iframeResult的窗口内

#     driver.switch_to.frame('iframeResult')

#

#     # 源位置

#     draggable = driver.find_element_by_id('draggable')

#

#     # 目标位置

#     droppable = driver.find_element_by_id('droppable')

#

#     # 调用ActionChains，必须把驱动对象传进去

#     # 得到一个动作链对象，复制给一个变量

#     actions = ActionChains(driver)

#

#     # 方式一: 机器人

#     # 瞬间把源图片位置秒移到目标图片位置

#     # actions.drag_and_drop(draggable, droppable)  # 编写一个行为

#     # actions.perform()  # 执行编写好的行为

#

#

#     # 方式二: 模拟人的行为

#     source = draggable.location['x']

#     target = droppable.location['x']

#     print(source, target)

#

#     distance = target - source

#     print(distance)

#

#     # perform：每个动作都要调用perform执行

#

#     # 点击并摁住源图片

#     ActionChains(driver).click_and_hold(draggable).perform()

#

#     s = 0

#     while s < distance:

#         # 执行位移操作

#         ActionChains(driver).move_by_offset(xoffset=2, yoffset=0).perform()

#         s += 2

#

#     # 释放动作链

#     ActionChains(driver).release().perform()

#

#     time.sleep(10)

#

#

# finally:

#     driver.close()

'''

前进、后退

'''

# from selenium import webdriver

# import time

#

# driver = webdriver.Chrome()

#

# try:

#     driver.implicitly_wait(10)

#     driver.get('https://www.jd.com/')

#     driver.get('https://www.baidu.com/')

#     driver.get('https://www.cnblogs.com/')

#

#     time.sleep(2)

#

#     # 回退操作

#     driver.back()

#     time.sleep(1)

#     # 前进操作

#     driver.forward()

#     time.sleep(1)

#     driver.back()

#     time.sleep(10)

#

# finally:

#     driver.close()

四、破解登录

from selenium import webdriver

from selenium.webdriver import ChromeOptions

import time

r'''

步骤:

    1、打开文件的查看，显示隐藏文件

    2、找到C:\Users\administortra\AppData\Local\Google\Chrome\User Data

        删除Default文件

    3、重新打开浏览器，并登陆百度账号

        - 此时会创建一个新的Default缓存文件

    4、添加cookies

    5、关闭谷歌浏览器后执行程序

'''

# 获取options对象，参数对象

options = ChromeOptions()

# 获取cookies保存路径

# 'C:\Users\administortra\AppData\Local\Google\Chrome\User Data'

profile_directory = r'--user-data-dir=C:\Users\administortra\AppData\Local\Google\Chrome\User Data'

# 添加用户信息目录

options.add_argument(profile_directory)

# 把参数加载到当前驱动中  chrome_options默认参数，用来接收options对象

driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=options)

try:

    driver.implicitly_wait(10)

    driver.get('https://www.baidu.com/')

    '''

    BDUSS:*****

    '''

    # 添加用户cookies信息

    # name、value必须小写

    driver.add_cookie({"name": "BDUSS", "value": "用户session字符串"})

    # 刷新操作

    driver.refresh()

    time.sleep(10)

finally:

    driver.close()

五、04 selenium爬取京东商品信息

# ''''''

# '''

# 爬取京东商品信息:

#     请求url:

#         https://www.jd.com/

#     提取商品信息:

#         1.商品详情页

#         2.商品名称

#         3.商品价格

#         4.评价人数

#         5.商品商家

# '''

# from selenium import webdriver

# from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys

# import time

#

# driver = webdriver.Chrome()

#

# try:

#     driver.implicitly_wait(10)

#     # 1、往京东主页发送请求

#     driver.get('https://www.jd.com/')

#

#     # 2、输入商品名称，并回车搜索

#     input_tag = driver.find_element_by_id('key')

#     input_tag.send_keys('macbook')

#     input_tag.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)

#     time.sleep(2)

#

#     # 通过JS控制滚轮滑动获取所有商品信息

#     js_code = '''

#         window.scrollTo(0,5000);

#     '''

#     driver.execute_script(js_code)  # 执行js代码

#

#     # 等待数据加载

#     time.sleep(2)

#

#     # 3、查找所有商品div

#     # good_div = driver.find_element_by_id('J_goodsList')

#     good_list = driver.find_elements_by_class_name('gl-item')

#     n = 1

#     for good in good_list:

#         # 根据属性选择器查找

#         # 商品链接

#         good_url = good.find_element_by_css_selector(

#             '.p-img a').get_attribute('href')

#

#         # 商品名称

#         good_name = good.find_element_by_css_selector(

#             '.p-name em').text.replace("\n", "--")

#

#         # 商品价格

#         good_price = good.find_element_by_class_name(

#             'p-price').text.replace("\n", ":")

#

#         # 评价人数

#         good_commit = good.find_element_by_class_name(

#             'p-commit').text.replace("\n", " ")

#

#         # 商品商家

#         good_from = good.find_element_by_class_name(

#             'J_im_icon').text.replace("\n", " ")

#

#         good_content = f'''

#                     商品链接: {good_url}

#                     商品名称: {good_name}

#                     商品价格: {good_price}

#                     评价人数: {good_commit}

#                     商品商家: {good_from}

#                     \n

#                     '''

#         print(good_content)

#         with open('jd.txt', 'a', encoding='utf-8') as f:

#             f.write(good_content)

#

#     next_tag = driver.find_element_by_link_text('下一页')

#

#     next_tag.click()

#

#     time.sleep(10)

#

#

# finally:

#     driver.close()

''''''

'''

爬取京东商品信息:

    请求url:

        https://www.jd.com/

    提取商品信息:

        1.商品详情页

        2.商品名称

        3.商品价格

        4.评价人数

        5.商品商家

'''

from selenium import webdriver

from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys

import time

def get_good(driver):

    try:

        # 通过JS控制滚轮滑动获取所有商品信息

        js_code = '''

            window.scrollTo(0,5000);

        '''

        driver.execute_script(js_code)  # 执行js代码

        # 等待数据加载

        time.sleep(2)

        # 3、查找所有商品div

        # good_div = driver.find_element_by_id('J_goodsList')

        good_list = driver.find_elements_by_class_name('gl-item')

        n = 1

        for good in good_list:

            # 根据属性选择器查找

            # 商品链接

            good_url = good.find_element_by_css_selector(

                '.p-img a').get_attribute('href')

            # 商品名称

            good_name = good.find_element_by_css_selector(

                '.p-name em').text.replace("\n", "--")

            # 商品价格

            good_price = good.find_element_by_class_name(

                'p-price').text.replace("\n", ":")

            # 评价人数

            good_commit = good.find_element_by_class_name(

                'p-commit').text.replace("\n", " ")

            good_content = f'''

                        商品链接: {good_url}

                        商品名称: {good_name}

                        商品价格: {good_price}

                        评价人数: {good_commit}

                        \n

                        '''

            print(good_content)

            with open('jd.txt', 'a', encoding='utf-8') as f:

                f.write(good_content)

        next_tag = driver.find_element_by_class_name('pn-next')

        next_tag.click()

        time.sleep(2)

        # 递归调用函数

        get_good(driver)

        time.sleep(10)

    finally:

        driver.close()

if __name__ == '__main__':

    good_name = input('请输入爬取商品信息:').strip()

    driver = webdriver.Chrome()

    driver.implicitly_wait(10)

    # 1、往京东主页发送请求

    driver.get('https://www.jd.com/')

    # 2、输入商品名称，并回车搜索

    input_tag = driver.find_element_by_id('key')

    input_tag.send_keys(good_name)

    input_tag.send_keys(Keys.ENTER)

    time.sleep(2)

    get_good(driver)

作业：破解极限滑动验证

''''''

'''

破解极验滑动验证

博客园登录url:

    https://account.cnblogs.com/signin?returnUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnblogs.com%2F

1、输入用户名与密码，并点击登录

2、弹出滑动验证，获取有缺口与完整的图片

3、通过像素点进行比对，获取滑动位移距离

4、模拟人的行为轨迹

5、开始滑动

'''

from selenium import webdriver  # 用来驱动浏览器的

from selenium.webdriver import ActionChains  # 破解滑动验证码的时候用的 可以拖动图片

import time

from PIL import Image  # pip3 install pillow

import random

option = webdriver.ChromeOptions()

option.add_argument('disable-infobars')

driver = webdriver.Chrome(chrome_options=option)

def get_snap(driver):

    # selenium自带的截图网页全屏图片

    driver.save_screenshot('snap.png')

    img = driver.find_element_by_class_name('geetest_canvas_img')

    left = img.location['x']

    upper = img.location['y']

    right = left + img.size['width']

    lower = upper + img.size['height']

    # print(left, upper, right, lower)

    img_obj = Image.open('snap.png')

    # 对屏幕进行截取,获取滑动验证图片

    image = img_obj.crop((left, upper, right, lower))

    return image

def get_image1(driver):

    time.sleep(0.2)

    js_code = '''

    var x = document.getElementsByClassName('geetest_canvas_fullbg')[0].style.display="block";

    console.log(x)

    '''

    time.sleep(1)

    driver.execute_script(js_code)

    # 截取图片

    img_obj = get_snap(driver)

    return img_obj

def get_image2(driver):

    time.sleep(0.2)

    js_code = '''

    var x = document.getElementsByClassName('geetest_canvas_fullbg')[0].style.display="none";

    console.log(x)

    '''

    driver.execute_script(js_code)

    time.sleep(1)

    # 截取图片

    img_obj = get_snap(driver)

    return img_obj

def get_distance(image1, image2):

    # 初始值

    start = 60

    # 滑块色差

    color_num = 60

    for x in range(start, image1.size[0]):

        for y in range(image1.size[1]):

            rgb1 = image1.load()[x, y]

            rgb2 = image2.load()[x, y]

            r = abs(rgb1[0] - rgb2[0])

            g = abs(rgb1[1] - rgb2[1])

            b = abs(rgb1[2] - rgb2[2])

            if not (r < color_num and g < color_num and b < color_num):

                return x - 7

def get_stacks(distance):

    distance += 20

    '''

    匀加速\减速运行

        v = v0 + a * t

    位移:

    s = v * t + 0.5 * a * (t**2)

    '''

    # 初速度

    v0 = 0

    # 加减速度列表

    a_list = [3, 4, 5]

    # 时间

    t = 0.2

    # 初始位置

    s = 0

    # 向前滑动轨迹

    forward_stacks = []

    mid = distance * 3 / 5

    while s < distance:

        if s < mid:

            a = a_list[random.randint(0, 2)]

        else:

            a = -a_list[random.randint(0, 2)]

        v = v0

        stack = v * t + 0.5 * a * (t ** 2)

        # 每次拿到的位移

        stack = round(stack)

        s += stack

        v0 = v + a * t

        forward_stacks.append(stack)

    back_stacks = [-1, -1, -2, -3, -2, -3, -2, -2, -3, -1]

    return {'forward_stacks': forward_stacks, 'back_stacks': back_stacks}

def main():

    try:

        driver.get('https://passport.cnblogs.com/user/signin')

        driver.implicitly_wait(5)

        # 1.输入用户名与密码,点击登录

        username = driver.find_element_by_id('LoginName')

        password = driver.find_element_by_id('Password')

        login_button = driver.find_element_by_class_name('ladda-label')

        time.sleep(1)

        username.send_keys('_tank_')

        time.sleep(1)

        password.send_keys('k46709394.')

        # 这里需要等待账号密码输入完毕后再点击登录按钮，否则的不弹框

        time.sleep(1)

        login_button.click()

        # time.sleep(3)

        # 2.点击滑动验证按钮,获取图片

        geetest_button = driver.find_element_by_class_name('geetest_slider_button')

        geetest_button.click()

        time.sleep(0.2)

        # 3.针对完整的图片进行截取

        image1 = get_image1(driver)

        # 4.针对有缺口的图片进行截取

        image2 = get_image2(driver)

        # 5.对比两张图片,获取滑动距离

        distance = get_distance(image1, image2)

        # 6.模拟人为滑动轨迹

        stacks = get_stacks(distance)

        # 7.根据滑动轨迹进行滑动

        forward_stacks = stacks['forward_stacks']

        back_stacks = stacks['back_stacks']

        slider_button = driver.find_element_by_class_name('geetest_slider_button')

        time.sleep(0.2)

        ActionChains(driver).click_and_hold(slider_button).perform()

        time.sleep(0.2)

        for forward_stack in forward_stacks:

            ActionChains(driver).move_by_offset(xoffset=forward_stack, yoffset=0).perform()

            time.sleep(0.1)

        for back_stack in back_stacks:

            ActionChains(driver).move_by_offset(xoffset=back_stack, yoffset=0).perform()

            time.sleep(0.1)

        time.sleep(0.2)

        ActionChains(driver).move_by_offset(xoffset=5, yoffset=0).perform()

        ActionChains(driver).move_by_offset(xoffset=-5, yoffset=0).perform()

        ActionChains(driver).release().perform()

        time.sleep(50)

    finally:

        driver.close()

if __name__ == '__main__':

    main()

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