sql根据子查询更新语句

update … from语句

测试环境准备

create table #table1
    (    id int ,  name varchar(20) );
go
 
create table #table2
    (  id int ,  name varchar(20) );
go
 
insert into #table1 ( id, name ) values ( 1, 'a' ), ( 2, null ), ( 3, 'c' ), ( 4, 'd' ), ( 5, 'e' );
insert into #table2 ( id, name ) values ( 1, 'a1' ), ( 2, 'b1' ), ( 3, 'c1' );

1、目标表可以加表别名（目标表在from子句）

----join连接方式（推荐）
update a
set a.name = b.name
from #table1 a inner join #table2 b on b.id = a.id
where a.name is null;

----子查询方式
update a
set a.name = ( select b.name from #table2 b where a.id = b.id )
from #table1 a
where a.name is null;

2、目标表不能加表别名（目标表不在from子句）：

update #table1
set #table1.name = b.name
from #table2 b
where #table1.id = b.id and #table1.name is null;

--或
update #table1
set name = ( select b.name from #table2 b where #table1.id = b.id )
where name is null;

3、merge更新

merge #table1 a --要更新的目标表
    using #table2 b --源表
    on a.id = b.id and a.name is null--更新条件（即主键）
when matched --如果匹配，更新
    then update set a.name = b.name
when not matched
    then insert values ( id, name ); --如果两个条件都不匹配，插入。此语句必须以分号结束

清除测试数据

select * from #table1;
select * from #table2;
 
drop table #table1;
drop table #table2;