【Mac + Python3.6 + ATX基于facebook-wda】之IOS自动化（一）：WebDriverAgent安装

此篇介绍如何安装WebDriverAgent，下一篇介绍facebook-wda库的安装使用以及自动化脚本的开发。

前言：

对于iOS的应用的测试，如果不需要用到图像识别，推荐使用这个项目facebook-wda

目录：

• 一、前提准备条件

• 二、证书配置

• 三、运行与测试

• 四、端口转发

• 五、扩展：用命令启动webDriverAgent（推荐）

• 六、附：感谢文章

一、前提准备条件　　　　　　　　　　   返回目录

环境配置

1. MacOs
2. Xcode（建议更新为最新版本）
3. npm
4. carthage

安装npm和Carthage

# 安装 node
brew install node

# 查看npm版本
npm -v
6.2.0

# 安装Carthage:

brew install Carthage

# 如果只是更新请输入
brew upgrade carthage

注：如果用brew安装十分的慢，采用国内镜像

# 长期替换(建议使用此项配置) 
echo 'export HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles'>>   ~/.bash_profile   

#执行.bash_profile脚本让配置即时生效
source ~/.bash_profile   

参考：《Homebrew更换国内镜像提升下载速度》

从github中克隆WebDriverAgent项目

cd到自定义的文件夹下下载：

git clone https://github.com/facebook/WebDriverAgent

Cloning into 'WebDriverAgent'...
remote: Enumerating objects: 18281, done.
remote: Total 18281 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 18281
Receiving objects: 100% (18281/18281), 15.61 MiB | 52.00 KiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (6909/6909), done.

*运行初始化脚本

首先需要先进入到WebDriverAgent项目的根目录下

# 进入到WDA 根目录
cd WebDriverAgent/

# 运行初始化脚本
./Scripts/bootstrap.sh

Fetching dependencies
Please update to the latest Carthage version: 0.31.1. You currently are on 0.30.1
*** Checking out RoutingHTTPServer at "v1.0.1"
*** Cloning RoutingHTTPServer
*** xcodebuild output can be found in /var/folders/gf/jjhn56c97293xtjvtwlnwr8h0000gp/T/carthage-xcodebuild.RROZOv.log
*** Downloading RoutingHTTPServer.framework binary at "v1.0.1"
Building Inspector
Creating bundle directory...
Fetching Inspector dependencies...
npm WARN deprecated css-list@0.1.3: Deprecated.
npm WARN deprecated minimatch@2.0.10: Please update to minimatch 3.0.2 or higher to avoid a RegExp DoS issue
npm WARN deprecated browserslist@0.4.0: Browserslist 2 could fail on reading Browserslist >3.0 config used in other tools.

> fsevents@1.2.4 install /Users/zhan/Desktop/mine/Stu资料/Git/WebDriverAgent/Inspector/node_modules/fsevents
> node install

[fsevents] Success: "/Users/zhan/Desktop/mine/Stu资料/Git/WebDriverAgent/Inspector/node_modules/fsevents/lib/binding/Release/node-v64-darwin-x64/fse.node" already installed
Pass --update-binary to reinstall or --build-from-source to recompile
npm notice created a lockfile as package-lock.json. You should commit this file.
npm WARN react-dom@15.6.2 requires a peer of react@^15.6.2 but none is installed. You must install peer dependencies yourself.
npm WARN web-driver-inspector@1.0.0 No repository field.

added 759 packages from 536 contributors and audited 2620 packages in 69.318s
found 9 vulnerabilities (4 low, 4 high, 1 critical)
  run `npm audit fix` to fix them, or `npm audit` for details
Validating Inspector
Building Inspector...

> web-driver-inspector@1.0.0 build /Users/zhan/Desktop/mine/Stu资料/Git/WebDriverAgent/Inspector
> webpack --progress --colors

Hash: 0acdc7e8b3b0d143afc5
Version: webpack 1.15.0
Time: 7085ms
       Asset    Size  Chunks             Chunk Names
inspector.js  862 kB       0  [emitted]  main
   [0] multi main 28 bytes {0} [built]
    + 226 hidden modules
Done

二、证书配置　　　　　　　　　　　　   返回目录

1、Xcode打开WebDriverAgent目录下的WebDriverAgent.xcodeproj文件。

(1)按照下面图的步骤依次执行点击，先配置WebDriverAgentLib：

(2)按照下面图的步骤依次执行点击，再配置WebDriverAgentRunner：

但是会提示问题：

The app ID "com.facebook.WebDriverAgentRunner" cannot be registered to your development team. Change your bundle identifier to a unique string to try again.

请进入WebDriverAgentRunner -> Build Settings设置中，找到Packaging中的选项，将其内容修改为唯一识别的字符串，如下图所示

不报错了：

三、运行与测试　　　　　　　　　　　　返回目录

1、iphone手机连接Mac，并添加信任

设置=》通用=》设备管理=》开发者应用=》验证应用

2、选择Product->Destination->你的设备

3、选择Product->Scheme->WebDriverAgentRunner

4、然后进行运行，Product中选择test

运行后会提示输入密码：

一直输入密码，直到它不提示为止，此密码应该为登录密码。

参考文章：《codesign 想要访问您的钥匙串中的密钥》

========================================

（2019.12.28更新）

这款iPhone 6s Plus运行的是iOS 12.1（16B92），这个版本的Xcode可能不支持它。

提示当前的xcode版本不支持IOS12.1，我当前的xcode是10，手机是12.1.
解决办法有两个：
一是，更新xcode版本，如果有时间还是建议xcode升级到最新的11吧
二是，增加xcode10中对12.4的支持包。放到设备支持路径下。

参考文章：

《IOS调试报错“xxxx is running iOS 12.4 (16G77), which may not be supported by this version of Xcode.”》

《iOS 真机调试包集合 包含 iOS 12.4》

①下载包地址：

iOS 真机调试包集合，包含 iOS 12，下载地址：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1lav6Xiy16lpEA9lUl16m6w 密码: w53z

②解压后放到路径：

快捷键：command + shift +G

拷贝到路径：/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/DeviceSupport/

重启xcode，重新连接手机。

还会报错：

Verify the Developer App certificate for your account is trusted on your device. Open Settings on iPhone6sPlus and navigate to General -> Profiles & Device Management, then select your Developer App certificate to trust it.

验证您的设备上是否信任您帐户的开发人员应用程序证书。打开iPhone6sPlus上的设置并导航到“常规”->“配置文件和设备管理”，然后选择要信任的开发者应用证书。

打开手机设置->通用->设备管理

========================================

但是，运行后创建成功，但是证书有问题。

The certificate used to sign "WebDriverAgentRunner-Runner" has either expired or has been revoked. An updated certificate is required to sign and install the application.

用于签署“WebDriverAgentRunner Runner”的证书已过期或被撤销。需要更新的证书来签署和安装应用程序。

打开“钥匙串访问”，查看【我的证书】得知，原来是证书过期了。

右键删除此证书。

删除证书后 ，再重新添加，如下图

再次运行Xcode，先删除之前的运行的，Product->Clean Build Folder

此时，不出意外 WDA在手机中安装成功，并且下面控制台输出下面的效果。

打开控制台方法：选择view->Debug Area->Activate console打开底部控制台。

然后控制台会输出IP地址和端口，例如：http://192.168.0.0:8100/status,输入在浏览器中，

确认WDA是否运行成功。如果出现一串JSON输出，说明WDA安装成功了。

四、端口转发　　　　　　　　　　　　   返回目录

但是可能页面刷新出不来：

# 使用--HEAD安装最新版本
$ brew install libimobiledevice --HEAD
$ iproxy 8100 8100

但是会提示你需要更新：

Warning: libimobiledevice HEAD-26373b3_2 is already installed and up-to-date
To reinstall HEAD_3, run `brew reinstall libimobiledevice`
$ brew reinstall libimobiledevice

更新后：

# 运行命令后会显示如下：
$ iproxy 8100 8100
waiting for connection

参考文章：《【转自Testerhome】iOS 真机如何安装 WebDriverAgent》

此时浏览器输入：http://localhost:8100/status ，确认WDA是否运行成功。

而inspector的地址是http://localhost:8100/inspector， inspector是用来查看UI的图层，方便写测试脚本用的

至此安装WDA以及连接IOS手机成功！！！！

五、扩展：用命令启动webDriverAgent（特别推荐）

参考文章：

Doris_Liu：《mac虚拟机搭建自动化环境-wda和python wda client》

1、新建start.sh文件：

1）进入webDriverAgent目录，创建start.sh文件：

# 创建文件
touch start.sh
# 进入编辑模式
vi start.sh

2)按下键盘上的“i”键，进入编辑状态。可以看到命令的下方出现了“--INSERT--”字样，表示成功进入了编辑模式。

3)输入以下内容

# 解锁keychain，以便可以正常的签名应用，
PASSWORD="123"
security unlock-keychain -p $PASSWORD ~/Library/Keychains/login.keychain

# 获取设备的UDID
UDID=$(idevice_id -l | head -n1)

# 运行测试
xcodebuild -project WebDriverAgent.xcodeproj -scheme WebDriverAgentRunner -destination "id=$UDID" test

4）输入完成后，按下“Esc”键，退出编辑模式。并在此时输入“:wq”以退出并保存刚刚输入的内容。

这样就将启动webDriverAgent的命令保存在了start.sh文件中了

5）执行start.sh文件：

①进入WebDriverAgent，如果一直保留在此路径可以忽略此操作

cd /xxx/xxx/WebDriverAgent 

②重置Xcode路径，不然会报错： xcode-select: error: tool 'xcodebuild' requires Xcode, but active developer directory '/Library/Developer/CommandLineTools' is a command line tools instance

解决办法参考：《MAC 苹果电脑 Xcode文件路径》《重置Xcode路径》

sudo xcode-select --switch /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/

③执行start.sh文件

执行下面命令时会报错：Permission denied，就是没有权限。

解决办法参考：《在mac中怎么运行.sh文件》

# 修改文件start.sh 的权限,使用命令：
chmod 777 start.sh

# 执行start.sh文件
./start.sh

创建成功显示如下：

note: Using new build system
note: Planning build
note: Constructing build description
ProcessInfoPlistFile /Users/zhan/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/WebDriverAgent-gqxpqcfouthzlnexjrgulyutyzkz/Build/Products/Debug-iphoneos/WebDriverAgentLib.framework/Info.plist /Users/zhan/Desktop/mine/Stu资料/Git/WebDriverAgent/WebDriverAgentLib/Info.plist (in target: WebDriverAgentLib)
    cd /Users/zhan/Desktop/mine/Stu资料/Git/WebDriverAgent
    builtin-infoPlistUtility /Users/zhan/Desktop/mine/Stu资料/Git/WebDriverAgent/WebDriverAgentLib/Info.plist -expandbuildsettings -format binary -platform iphoneos -requiredArchitecture arm64 -o /Users/zhan/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/WebDriverAgent-gqxpqcfouthzlnexjrgulyutyzkz/Build/Products/Debug-iphoneos/WebDriverAgentLib.framework/Info.plist

ProcessProductPackaging "" /Users/zhan/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/WebDriverAgent-gqxpqcfouthzlnexjrgulyutyzkz/Build/Intermediates.noindex/WebDriverAgent.build/Debug-iphoneos/WebDriverAgentRunner.build/WebDriverAgentRunner.xctest.xcent (in target: WebDriverAgentRunner)
    cd /Users/zhan/Desktop/mine/Stu资料/Git/WebDriverAgent

Entitlements:

{
    "application-identifier" = "QTXY6MWF7T.com.facebook.WebDriverAgentRunner.zc1224";
    "com.apple.developer.team-identifier" = QTXY6MWF7T;
    "get-task-allow" = 1;
    "keychain-access-groups" =     (
        "QTXY6MWF7T.com.facebook.WebDriverAgentRunner.zc1224"
    );
}

    builtin-productPackagingUtility -entitlements -format xml -o /Users/zhan/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/WebDriverAgent-gqxpqcfouthzlnexjrgulyutyzkz/Build/Intermediates.noindex/WebDriverAgent.build/Debug-iphoneos/WebDriverAgentRunner.build/WebDriverAgentRunner.xctest.xcent

ProcessInfoPlistFile /Users/zhan/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/WebDriverAgent-gqxpqcfouthzlnexjrgulyutyzkz/Build/Products/Debug-iphoneos/WebDriverAgentRunner-Runner.app/PlugIns/WebDriverAgentRunner.xctest/Info.plist /Users/zhan/Desktop/mine/Stu资料/Git/WebDriverAgent/WebDriverAgentRunner/Info.plist (in target: WebDriverAgentRunner)
    cd /Users/zhan/Desktop/mine/Stu资料/Git/WebDriverAgent
    builtin-infoPlistUtility /Users/zhan/Desktop/mine/Stu资料/Git/WebDriverAgent/WebDriverAgentRunner/Info.plist -expandbuildsettings -format binary -platform iphoneos -additionalcontentfile /Users/zhan/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/WebDriverAgent-gqxpqcfouthzlnexjrgulyutyzkz/Build/Intermediates.noindex/WebDriverAgent.build/Debug-iphoneos/WebDriverAgentRunner.build/ProductTypeInfoPlistAdditions.plist -requiredArchitecture arm64 -o /Users/zhan/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/WebDriverAgent-gqxpqcfouthzlnexjrgulyutyzkz/Build/Products/Debug-iphoneos/WebDriverAgentRunner-Runner.app/PlugIns/WebDriverAgentRunner.xctest/Info.plist

GenerateDSYMFile /Users/zhan/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/WebDriverAgent-gqxpqcfouthzlnexjrgulyutyzkz/Build/Products/Debug-iphoneos/WebDriverAgentRunner-Runner.app/PlugIns/WebDriverAgentRunner.xctest.dSYM /Users/zhan/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/WebDriverAgent-gqxpqcfouthzlnexjrgulyutyzkz/Build/Products/Debug-iphoneos/WebDriverAgentRunner-Runner.app/PlugIns/WebDriverAgentRunner.xctest/WebDriverAgentRunner (in target: WebDriverAgentRunner)
    cd /Users/zhan/Desktop/mine/Stu资料/Git/WebDriverAgent
    /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/dsymutil /Users/zhan/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/WebDriverAgent-gqxpqcfouthzlnexjrgulyutyzkz/Build/Products/Debug-iphoneos/WebDriverAgentRunner-Runner.app/PlugIns/WebDriverAgentRunner.xctest/WebDriverAgentRunner -o /Users/zhan/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/WebDriverAgent-gqxpqcfouthzlnexjrgulyutyzkz/Build/Products/Debug-iphoneos/WebDriverAgentRunner-Runner.app/PlugIns/WebDriverAgentRunner.xctest.dSYM

PBXCp /Users/zhan/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/WebDriverAgent-gqxpqcfouthzlnexjrgulyutyzkz/Build/Products/Debug-iphoneos/WebDriverAgentLib.framework /Users/zhan/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/WebDriverAgent-gqxpqcfouthzlnexjrgulyutyzkz/Build/Products/Debug-iphoneos/WebDriverAgentRunner-Runner.app/PlugIns/WebDriverAgentRunner.xctest/Frameworks/WebDriverAgentLib.framework (in target: WebDriverAgentRunner)
    cd /Users/zhan/Desktop/mine/Stu资料/Git/WebDriverAgent
    builtin-copy -exclude .DS_Store -exclude CVS -exclude .svn -exclude .git -exclude .hg -exclude Headers -exclude PrivateHeaders -exclude Modules -exclude *.tbd -resolve-src-symlinks /Users/zhan/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/WebDriverAgent-gqxpqcfouthzlnexjrgulyutyzkz/Build/Products/Debug-iphoneos/WebDriverAgentLib.framework /Users/zhan/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/WebDriverAgent-gqxpqcfouthzlnexjrgulyutyzkz/Build/Products/Debug-iphoneos/WebDriverAgentRunner-Runner.app/PlugIns/WebDriverAgentRunner.xctest/Frameworks

CodeSign /Users/zhan/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/WebDriverAgent-gqxpqcfouthzlnexjrgulyutyzkz/Build/Products/Debug-iphoneos/WebDriverAgentRunner-Runner.app/PlugIns/WebDriverAgentRunner.xctest/Frameworks/WebDriverAgentLib.framework (in target: WebDriverAgentRunner)
    cd /Users/zhan/Desktop/mine/Stu资料/Git/WebDriverAgent
    export CODESIGN_ALLOCATE=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/codesign_allocate

Signing Identity:     "iPhone Developer: shiqimai@yeah.net (X8469AR773)"
Provisioning Profile: "iOS Team Provisioning Profile: com.facebook.WebDriverAgentRunner.zc1224"
                      (e9ebe6ed-22af-4dea-9e74-7e8975c312cd)

    /usr/bin/codesign --force --sign 5E827A54DD3782E0E5E309A2D714E459B885A8ED --preserve-metadata=identifier,entitlements,flags --timestamp=none /Users/zhan/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/WebDriverAgent-gqxpqcfouthzlnexjrgulyutyzkz/Build/Products/Debug-iphoneos/WebDriverAgentRunner-Runner.app/PlugIns/WebDriverAgentRunner.xctest/Frameworks/WebDriverAgentLib.framework

CodeSign /Users/zhan/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/WebDriverAgent-gqxpqcfouthzlnexjrgulyutyzkz/Build/Products/Debug-iphoneos/WebDriverAgentRunner-Runner.app/PlugIns/WebDriverAgentRunner.xctest (in target: WebDriverAgentRunner)
    cd /Users/zhan/Desktop/mine/Stu资料/Git/WebDriverAgent
    export CODESIGN_ALLOCATE=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/codesign_allocate

Signing Identity:     "iPhone Developer: shiqimai@yeah.net (X8469AR773)"
Provisioning Profile: "iOS Team Provisioning Profile: com.facebook.WebDriverAgentRunner.zc1224"
                      (e9ebe6ed-22af-4dea-9e74-7e8975c312cd)

    /usr/bin/codesign --force --sign 5E827A54DD3782E0E5E309A2D714E459B885A8ED --entitlements /Users/zhan/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/WebDriverAgent-gqxpqcfouthzlnexjrgulyutyzkz/Build/Intermediates.noindex/WebDriverAgent.build/Debug-iphoneos/WebDriverAgentRunner.build/WebDriverAgentRunner.xctest.xcent --timestamp=none /Users/zhan/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/WebDriverAgent-gqxpqcfouthzlnexjrgulyutyzkz/Build/Products/Debug-iphoneos/WebDriverAgentRunner-Runner.app/PlugIns/WebDriverAgentRunner.xctest
/Users/zhan/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/WebDriverAgent-gqxpqcfouthzlnexjrgulyutyzkz/Build/Products/Debug-iphoneos/WebDriverAgentRunner-Runner.app/PlugIns/WebDriverAgentRunner.xctest: replacing existing signature

CodeSign /Users/zhan/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/WebDriverAgent-gqxpqcfouthzlnexjrgulyutyzkz/Build/Products/Debug-iphoneos/WebDriverAgentRunner-Runner.app (in target: WebDriverAgentRunner)
    cd /Users/zhan/Desktop/mine/Stu资料/Git/WebDriverAgent
    export CODESIGN_ALLOCATE=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/codesign_allocate

Signing Identity:     "iPhone Developer: shiqimai@yeah.net (X8469AR773)"
Provisioning Profile: "iOS Team Provisioning Profile: com.facebook.WebDriverAgentRunner.zc1224"
                      (e9ebe6ed-22af-4dea-9e74-7e8975c312cd)

    /usr/bin/codesign --force --sign 5E827A54DD3782E0E5E309A2D714E459B885A8ED --entitlements /Users/zhan/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/WebDriverAgent-gqxpqcfouthzlnexjrgulyutyzkz/Build/Intermediates.noindex/WebDriverAgent.build/Debug-iphoneos/WebDriverAgentRunner.build/WebDriverAgentRunner.xctest.xcent --timestamp=none /Users/zhan/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/WebDriverAgent-gqxpqcfouthzlnexjrgulyutyzkz/Build/Products/Debug-iphoneos/WebDriverAgentRunner-Runner.app
/Users/zhan/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/WebDriverAgent-gqxpqcfouthzlnexjrgulyutyzkz/Build/Products/Debug-iphoneos/WebDriverAgentRunner-Runner.app: replacing existing signature

Testing started on 'iPhone5s'
2018-10-18 10:30:03.605 xcodebuild[38271:11567089]  IDETestOperationsObserverDebug: Writing diagnostic log for test session to:
/Users/zhan/Library/Developer/Xcode/DerivedData/WebDriverAgent-gqxpqcfouthzlnexjrgulyutyzkz/Logs/Test/Test-WebDriverAgentRunner-2018.10.18_10-29-57-+0800.xcresult/1_Test/Diagnostics/WebDriverAgentRunner-FB0817B6-DB84-49E7-BF12-CF544E27BFA2/WebDriverAgentRunner-C1D7E40B-C971-46AB-B0E5-8BD193DA3092/Session-WebDriverAgentRunner-2018-10-18_103003-Jywmso.log
2018-10-18 10:30:03.605 xcodebuild[38271:11566499] [MT] IDETestOperationsObserverDebug: (A2DAA1DE-CD7B-40B0-A273-CA3C7F8A9294) Beginning test session WebDriverAgentRunner-A2DAA1DE-CD7B-40B0-A273-CA3C7F8A9294 at 2018-10-18 10:30:03.605 with Xcode 10A255 on target