Linux中安装Python2.7

原文地址：http://www.jianshu.com/p/6425d18d3e47

安装依赖的库

yum -y install python-devel openssl openssl-devel gcc sqlite sqlite-devel mysql-devel libxml2-devel libxslt-devel

下载python 2.7.13

www.python.org

  [root@server2 ~]# mkdir /software
  [root@server2 ~]# cd /software/
  [root@server2 software]# wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.13/Python-2.7.13.tgz
  [root@server2 software]# ll
  总用量 36852
  -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 17076672 12月 18 04:21 Python-2.7.13.tgz
  -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 20656090 1月 17 16:07 Python-3.5.3.tgz

解压文件

[root@server2 software]# tar -zxf Python-2.7.13.tgz

进入目录

[root@server2 software]# cd Python-2.7.13

编译安装

 [root@server2 Python-2.7.13]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python2.7 --with-threads --enable-shared
 [root@server2 Python-2.7.13]# make && make altinstall

备份旧python相关命令

 ===> 有些版本/usr/bin/目录下不存在pip 忽略下面第一行命令即可
 [root@server2 Python-2.7.13]# mv /usr/bin/pip /usr/bin/pip_old
 [root@server2 Python-2.7.13]# mv /usr/bin/easy_install /usr/bin/easy_install_old
 [root@server2 Python-2.7.13]# mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python_old

新版本python命令做软连接，快捷使用

 [root@server2 Python-2.7.13]# ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/lib/libpython2.7.so /usr/lib
 [root@server2 Python-2.7.13]# ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/lib/libpython2.7.so.1.0 /usr/lib
 [root@server2 Python-2.7.13]# ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python
 [root@server2 Python-2.7.13]# ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/lib/libpython2.7.so /usr/lib64
 [root@server2 Python-2.7.13]# ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/lib/libpython2.7.so.1.0 /usr/lib64

测试python是否可以正常使用

 [root@server2 ~]# python
 Python 2.7.13 (default, Apr 11 2017, 11:14:36)
 [GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-18)] on linux2
 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
 >>>

安装pip

下载最新版的pip，然后安装

 [root@server2 Python-2.7.13]# cd /software/
 [root@server2 software]# wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py --no-check-certificate
 [root@server2 software]# python get-pip.py

由于下载pip是基于https协议的，故需要在wget url后面加上--no-check-certificate，否则不能下载:

查找pip的位置

 [root@server2 software]# find / -name pip
 /usr/local/python2.7/bin/pip

找到pip2.7的路径，为其创建软链作为系统默认的启动版本

[root@server2 software]# ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/bin/pip /usr/bin/pip

测试pip是否可用

 [root@server2 software]# pip install Pillow
 Collecting Pillow
 Downloading Pillow-4.1.0-cp27-cp27m-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (5.7MB)
 100% |████████████████████████████████| 5.7MB 129kB/s
 Collecting olefile (from Pillow)
 Downloading olefile-0.44.zip (74kB)
 100% |████████████████████████████████| 81kB 541kB/s
 Building wheels for collected packages: olefile
 Running setup.py bdist_wheel for olefile ... done
 Stored in directory: /root/.cache/pip/wheels/20/58/49/cc7bd00345397059149a10b0259ef38b867935ea2ecff99a9b
 Successfully built olefile
 Installing collected packages: olefile, Pillow
 Successfully installed Pillow-4.1.0 olefile-0.44

安装easy_install

下载最新版的easy_install，然后安装

 [root@server2 software]# wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/ez_setup.py
 [root@server2 software]# python ez_setup.py

找到easy_install的路径，为其创建软链作为系统默认的启动版本

[root@server2 software]# ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/bin/easy_install /usr/bin/easy_install

测试easy_install是否可用

 [root@server2 software]# easy_install beautifulsoup4
 Searching for beautifulsoup4
 Reading https://pypi.python.org/simple/beautifulsoup4/
 Downloading https://pypi.python.org/packages/9b/a5/c6fa2d08e6c671103f9508816588e0fb9cec40444e8e72993f3d4c325936/beautifulsoup4-4.5.3.tar.gz#md5=937e0df0d699a1237646f38fd567f0c6
 Best match: beautifulsoup4 4.5.3
 Processing beautifulsoup4-4.5.3.tar.gz
 Writing /tmp/easy_install-OSpCW5/beautifulsoup4-4.5.3/setup.cfg
 Running beautifulsoup4-4.5.3/setup.py -q bdist_egg --dist-dir /tmp/easy_install-OSpCW5/beautifulsoup4-4.5.3/egg-dist-tmp-m3PXo5
 zip_safe flag not set; analyzing archive contents...
 Moving beautifulsoup4-4.5.3-py2.7.egg to /usr/local/python2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages
 Adding beautifulsoup4 4.5.3 to easy-install.pth file 
 
 Installed /usr/local/python2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages/beautifulsoup4-4.5.3-py2.7.egg
 Processing dependencies for beautifulsoup4
 Finished processing dependencies for beautifulsoup4

yum 安装工具只支持系统自带的python版本，修改配置文件使其可正常使用

查看原版本python

 [root@server2 software]# ll /usr/bin/python*
 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 34 4月 11 11:20 /usr/bin/python -> /usr/local/python2.7/bin/python2.7
 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 6 2月 15 14:33 /usr/bin/python2 -> python
 -rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 9032 8月 18 2016 /usr/bin/python2.6 ==> 这个就是系统自带的python
 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1418 8月 18 2016 /usr/bin/python2.6-config
 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 16 4月 11 10:47 /usr/bin/python-config -> python2.6-config
 -rwxr-xr-x 2 root root 9032 8月 18 2016 /usr/bin/python_old

修改配置文件 /usr/bin/yum

#!/usr/bin/python  ===>  修改为  #!/usr/bin/python2.6

测试yum是否可用

 [root@server2 software]# yum -y install python-devel
 已加载插件：fastestmirror, security
 设置安装进程
 Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * epel: mirrors.aliyun.com
 包 python-devel-2.6.6-66.el6_8.x86_64 已安装并且是最新版本
 无须任何处理

好了，大功告成。

优化

编写一键安装python2.7的脚本

由于Centos 6.x的系统默认都是python2.6 ，如果服务器需要用2.7环境的话每台都得手动操作升级，工作量比较大，编写脚本提升效率。（Centos 7.x版本的默认的python都是2.7.5版本）

创建用于存放python脚本（install_py27.sh）的目录

 [root@server2 software]# mkdir /script/python/
 [root@server2 software]# cd /script/python/

由于国外python网站下载python安装包缓慢，可以提前下载下来，和install_py27.sh放在一起，在脚本中直接解压本地文件进行安装

开始编写脚本 install_py27.sh

 #!/bin/sh
 # __author__ = 'junxi'  
 
 # This script is used by fast installed python2.7 ......
 # write by 2017/04/11  
 
 echo "##############start run install for python2.7 script############"
 yum -y install python-devel openssl openssl-devel gcc sqlite sqlite-devel mysql-devel libxml2-devel libxslt-devel
 mkdir /software
 mv Python-2.7.13.tgz /software
 cd /software
 tar -zxf Python-2.7.13.tgz
 cd Python-2.7.13/
 ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python2.7 --with-threads --enable-shared
 make
 make altinstall
 mv /usr/bin/pip /usr/bin/pip_old
 mv /usr/bin/easy_install /usr/bin/easy_install_old
 mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python_old
 ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/lib/libpython2.7.so /usr/lib
 ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/lib/libpython2.7.so.1.0 /usr/lib
 ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python
 ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/lib/libpython2.7.so /usr/lib64
 ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/lib/libpython2.7.so.1.0 /usr/lib64
 cd /software
 wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py
 python get-pip.py
 ln -s /usr/local/python2.7/bin/pip /usr/bin/pip
 echo "############更换pip源为国内淘宝源##########"
 mkdir /root/.pip/
 touch /root/.pip/pip.conf
 cat >> /root/.pip/pip.conf << EOF
 [global]
 index-url=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/  
 
 [install]
 trusted-host=mirrors.aliyun.com
 EOF  
 
 pip install Pillow
 sed -i 's#\/usr/bin/python#\/usr/bin/python2.6#g' /usr/bin/yum
 yum -y install python-devel
 echo 'the install script is the end......'

把Python-2.7.13.tgz文件和install_py27.sh脚本下载下来，放在同一个目录下：

运行下面命令进行安装

/bin/sh install_py27.sh

安装完成后执行python查看版本

1 [root@server2 ~]# python
2 Python 2.7.13 (default, Apr 11 2017, 11:14:36)
3 [GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-18)] on linux2
4 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
5 >>> print 'success'
6 success