scrapy 动态IP、随机UA、验证码

随机UA

https://github.com/hellysmile/fake-useragent

DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES增加自定义

from fake_useragent import UserAgent

class RandomUserAgentMiddlware(object):
    # 随机更换user-agent
    def __init__(self, crawler):
        super(RandomUserAgentMiddlware, self).__init__()
        self.ua = UserAgent()
        self.ua_type = crawler.settings.get("RANDOM_UA_TYPE", "random")

    @classmethod
    def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
        return cls(crawler)

    def process_request(self, request, spider):
        def get_ua():
            return getattr(self.ua, self.ua_type)

        request.headers.setdefault('User-Agent', get_ua())

备注：settings.py增加配置项

RANDOM_UA_TYPE = "random"

动态IP

1、通过免费的代理IP，如西刺，自己获取IP源进行使用

2、免费插件scrapy_proxies

https://github.com/aivarsk/scrapy-proxies

3、收费插件scrapy-crawlera

https://github.com/scrapy-plugins/scrapy-crawlera

验证码

1、编码实现（tesseract-ocr）

2、在线打码，如云打码

3、人工打码

RANDOM_UA_TYPE = "random"