爬虫python

最近看到电影，也看了很多的评论，想了解下大多人对相关电影的评论，正好也在学习Python，就利用其爬虫的强大能力，这里利用Python3.6.1

下面是相关代码：

 #coding:utf-8
 __author__ = 'hang'
 
 import warnings
 warnings.filterwarnings("ignore")
 import jieba    #分词包
 import numpy    #numpy计算包
 import codecs   #codecs提供的open方法来指定打开的文件的语言编码，它会在读取的时候自动转换为内部unicode
 import re
 import pandas as pd
 import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
 from urllib import request
 from bs4 import BeautifulSoup as bs
 # %matplotlib inline  (ipython中应用)
 # from skimage import data
 import matplotlib
 matplotlib.rcParams['figure.figsize'] = (10.0, 5.0)
 from wordcloud import WordCloud#词云包
 
 class KetWord:
     def __init__(self,name,count):
         self.name =name
         self.count = count
 
     def __cmp__(self, other):
 
         if isinstance(KetWord,other):
             if self.count > other.count:
                 return 1
             elif self.count < other.count:
                 return -1
             else:
                 return 0
 
     def __str__(self):
         return '[name='+ self.name +':count='+ str(self.count) +']'
 #分析网页函数
 def getNowPlayingMovie_list():
     resp = request.urlopen('https://movie.douban.com/nowplaying/hangzhou/')
     html_data = resp.read().decode('utf-8')
     soup = bs(html_data, 'html.parser')
     nowplaying_movie = soup.find_all('div', id='nowplaying')
     nowplaying_movie_list = nowplaying_movie[0].find_all('li', class_='list-item')
     nowplaying_list = []
     for item in nowplaying_movie_list:
         nowplaying_dict = {}
         nowplaying_dict['id'] = item['data-subject']
         for tag_img_item in item.find_all('img'):
             nowplaying_dict['name'] = tag_img_item['alt']
             nowplaying_list.append(nowplaying_dict)
     return nowplaying_list
 
 #爬取评论函数
 def getCommentsById(movieId, pageNum):
     eachCommentList = [];
     if pageNum>0:
          start = (pageNum-1) * 20
     else:
         return False
     requrl = 'https://movie.douban.com/subject/' + movieId + '/comments' +'?' +'start=' + str(start) + '&limit=20'
     print(requrl)
     resp = request.urlopen(requrl)
     html_data = resp.read().decode('utf-8')
     soup = bs(html_data, 'html.parser')
     comment_div_lits = soup.find_all('div', class_='comment')
     for item in comment_div_lits:
         if item.find_all('p')[0].string is not None:
             eachCommentList.append(item.find_all('p')[0].string)
     return eachCommentList
 
 def main():
     #循环获取第一个电影的前10页评论
     commentList = []
     NowPlayingMovie_list = getNowPlayingMovie_list()
     print('common=',NowPlayingMovie_list)
     #获取id电影[{'id': '11502973', 'name': '星际特工：千星之城'}, {'id': '25933890', 'name': '极盗车神'}, {'id': '25849480', 'name': '赛车总动员3：极速挑战'},
     # {'id': '26607693', 'name': '敦刻尔克'}, {'id': '26363254', 'name': '战狼2'}, {'id': '26826398', 'name': '杀破狼·贪狼'}, {'id': '26816086', 'name': '银魂 真人版'},
     #  {'id': '26430107', 'name': '二十二'}, {'id': '26759539', 'name': '十万个冷笑话2'}, {'id': '26752106', 'name': '黑白迷宫'}, {'id': '26647876', 'name': '地球：神奇的一天'},
     #  {'id': '26969037', 'name': '赛尔号大电影6：圣者无敌'}, {'id': '25980443', 'name': '海边的曼彻斯特'}, {'id': '26760160', 'name': '破·局'},
     #  {'id': '27040349', 'name': '二次初恋'}, {'id': '22232939', 'name': '大耳朵图图之美食狂想曲'}, {'id': '25857966', 'name': '鲛珠传'}, {'id': '26698000', 'name': '心理罪'},
     # {'id': '26692823', 'name': '建军大业'}, {'id': '25823277', 'name': '三生三世十里桃花'}, {'id': '2999500', 'name': '七天'}, {'id': '27107261', 'name': '一路向爱'},
     # {'id': '25858758', 'name': '侠盗联盟'}, {'id': '26790961', 'name': '闪光少女'}, {'id': '26991769', 'name': '恐怖毕业照2'}, {'id': '25812712', 'name': '神偷奶爸3'},
     #  {'id': '27107265', 'name': '杜丽娘'}]
     for i in range(10):
         num = i + 1
         commentList_temp = getCommentsById(NowPlayingMovie_list[4]['id'], num)
         commentList.append(commentList_temp)
 
     #将列表中的数据转换为字符串
     comments = ''
     for k in range(len(commentList)):
         comments = comments + (str(commentList[k])).strip()
 
     #使用正则表达式去除标点符号
     pattern = re.compile(r'[\u4e00-\u9fa5]+')
     filterdata = re.findall(pattern, comments)
     cleaned_comments = ''.join(filterdata)
 
     #使用结巴分词进行中文分词
     segment = jieba.lcut(cleaned_comments)
     words_df=pd.DataFrame({'segment':segment})
 
     #去掉停用词
     stopwords=pd.read_csv("stopwords.txt",index_col=False,quoting=3,sep="\t",names=['stopword'], encoding='utf-8')#quoting=3全不引用
     words_df=words_df[~words_df.segment.isin(stopwords.stopword)]
 
     #统计词频
     words_stat=words_df.groupby(by=['segment'])['segment'].agg({"计数":numpy.size})
     words_stat=words_stat.reset_index().sort_values(by=["计数"],ascending=False)
 
     #用词云进行显示
     wordcloud=WordCloud(font_path="simhei.ttf",background_color="white",max_font_size=80)
     word_frequence = {x[0]:x[1] for x in words_stat.head(1000).values}
 
     #利用字典存放
     word_frequence_list = {}
     x_val = []
     y_val = []
     for key in word_frequence:
         word_frequence_list[str(key)] = word_frequence[key]
 
     wordcloud=wordcloud.generate_from_frequencies(word_frequence_list)
     print(word_frequence_list)
 
     # print('x=',x_val)
     # print('y=',y_val)
     # map = dict()
     # for i in range(len(y_val)):
     #     # key_word = KetWord(x_val[i],y_val[i])
     #     map[i] = KetWord(x_val[i],y_val[i])
     # for key in map:
     #     print('word=',map[key])
     # plt.plot(x_val,y_val)
     # plt.show()
     plt.imshow(wordcloud)
     #既然是IPython的内置magic函数，那么在Pycharm中是不会支持的。但是我们可以在matplotlib中的pyplot身上下功夫，pyplot不会不提供展示图像的功能。
     plt.colorbar()
     plt.show()
 
 #主函数
 main()