zabbix数据库表结构的重要性

想理解zabbix的前端代码、做深入的二次开发，甚至的调优，那就不能不了解数据库的表结构了。

我们这里采用的zabbix1.8、mysql，所以简单的说下我们mysql这边的表结构，其他环境不保证正确。

  1. mysql> show tables;
  2. +-----------------------+
  3. | Tables_in_zabbix      |
  4. +-----------------------+
  5. | acknowledges          |
  6. | actions               |
  7. | alerts                |
  8. | application_template  |
  9. | applications          |
  10. | auditlog              |
  11. | auditlog_details      |
  12. | autoreg_host          |
  13. | conditions            |
  14. | config                |
  15. | dbversion             |
  16. | dchecks               |
  17. | dhosts                |
  18. | drules                |
  19. | dservices             |
  20. | escalations           |
  21. | events                |
  22. | expressions           |
  23. | functions             |
  24. | globalmacro           |
  25. | globalvars            |
  26. | graph_discovery       |
  27. | graph_theme           |
  28. | graphs                |
  29. | graphs_items          |
  30. | group_discovery       |
  31. | group_prototype       |
  32. | groups                |
  33. | history               |
  34. | history_log           |
  35. | history_str           |
  36. | history_text          |
  37. | history_uint          |
  38. | host_discovery        |
  39. | host_inventory        |
  40. | hostmacro             |
  41. | hosts                 |
  42. | hosts_groups          |
  43. | hosts_templates       |
  44. | housekeeper           |
  45. | httpstep              |
  46. | httpstepitem          |
  47. | httptest              |
  48. | httptestitem          |
  49. | icon_map              |
  50. | icon_mapping          |
  51. | ids                   |
  52. | images                |
  53. | interface             |
  54. | interface_discovery   |
  55. | item_condition        |
  56. | item_discovery        |
  57. | items                 |
  58. | items_applications    |
  59. | maintenances          |
  60. | maintenances_groups   |
  61. | maintenances_hosts    |
  62. | maintenances_windows  |
  63. | mappings              |
  64. | media                 |
  65. | media_type            |
  66. | opcommand             |
  67. | opcommand_grp         |
  68. | opcommand_hst         |
  69. | opconditions          |
  70. | operations            |
  71. | opgroup               |
  72. | opmessage             |
  73. | opmessage_grp         |
  74. | opmessage_usr         |
  75. | optemplate            |
  76. | profiles              |
  77. | proxy_autoreg_host    |
  78. | proxy_dhistory        |
  79. | proxy_history         |
  80. | regexps               |
  81. | rights                |
  82. | screens               |
  83. | screens_items         |
  84. | scripts               |
  85. | service_alarms        |
  86. | services              |
  87. | services_links        |
  88. | services_times        |
  89. | sessions              |
  90. | slides                |
  91. | slideshows            |
  92. | sysmap_element_url    |
  93. | sysmap_url            |
  94. | sysmaps               |
  95. | sysmaps_elements      |
  96. | sysmaps_link_triggers |
  97. | sysmaps_links         |
  98. | timeperiods           |
  99. | trends                |
  100. | trends_uint           |
  101. | trigger_depends       |
  102. | trigger_discovery     |
  103. | triggers              |
  104. | user_history          |
  105. | users                 |
  106. | users_groups          |
  107. | usrgrp                |
  108. | valuemaps             |
  109. +-----------------------+

actions

actions表记录了当触发器触发时，需要采用的动作。

  1. mysql> desc actions;
  2. +---------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
  3. | Field         | Type                | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
  4. +---------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
  5. | actionid      | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   | PRI | 0       |       |
  6. | name          | varchar(255)        | NO   |     |         |       |
  7. | eventsource   | int(11)             | NO   | MUL | 0       |       |
  8. | evaltype      | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  9. | status        | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  10. | esc_period    | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  11. | def_shortdata | varchar(255)        | NO   |     |         |       |
  12. | def_longdata  | blob                | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
  13. | recovery_msg  | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  14. | r_shortdata   | varchar(255)        | NO   |     |         |       |
  15. | r_longdata    | blob                | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
  16. +---------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

alerts

alerts 表保存了历史的告警事件，可以从这个表里面去做一些统计分析，例如某个部门、
某人、某类时间的告警统计，以及更深入的故障发生、恢复时间，看你想怎么用了。

  1. mysql> desc alerts;
  2. +-------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
  3. | Field       | Type                | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
  4. +-------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
  5. | alertid     | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   | PRI | 0       |       |
  6. | actionid    | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   | MUL | 0       |       |
  7. | eventid     | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   | MUL | 0       |       |
  8. | userid      | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   | MUL | 0       |       |
  9. | clock       | int(11)             | NO   | PRI | 0       |       |
  10. | mediatypeid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   | MUL | 0       |       |
  11. | sendto      | varchar(100)        | NO   |     |         |       |
  12. | subject     | varchar(255)        | NO   |     |         |       |
  13. | message     | blob                | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
  14. | status      | int(11)             | NO   | MUL | 0       |       |
  15. | retries     | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  16. | error       | varchar(128)        | NO   |     |         |       |
  17. | nextcheck   | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  18. | esc_step    | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  19. | alerttype   | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  20. +-------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

config

config表保存了全局的参数，前端包括后端也是，很多情况下会查询改表的参数的，例如用户的自定义主题、
登陆认证类型等，非常重要，

不过对我们做数据分析意义不大。

  1. mysql> desc config;
  2. +-------------------------+---------------------+------+-----+-----------------+-------+
  3. | Field                   | Type                | Null | Key | Default         | Extra |
  4. +-------------------------+---------------------+------+-----+-----------------+-------+
  5. | configid                | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   | PRI | 0               |       |
  6. | alert_history           | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0               |       |
  7. | event_history           | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0               |       |
  8. | refresh_unsupported     | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0               |       |
  9. | work_period             | varchar(100)        | NO   |     | 1-5,00:00-24:00 |       |
  10. | alert_usrgrpid          | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   |     | 0               |       |
  11. | event_ack_enable        | int(11)             | NO   |     | 1               |       |
  12. | event_expire            | int(11)             | NO   |     | 7               |       |
  13. | event_show_max          | int(11)             | NO   |     | 100             |       |
  14. | default_theme           | varchar(128)        | NO   |     | default.css     |       |
  15. | authentication_type     | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0               |       |
  16. | ldap_host               | varchar(255)        | NO   |     |                 |       |
  17. | ldap_port               | int(11)             | NO   |     | 389             |       |
  18. | ldap_base_dn            | varchar(255)        | NO   |     |                 |       |
  19. | ldap_bind_dn            | varchar(255)        | NO   |     |                 |       |
  20. | ldap_bind_password      | varchar(128)        | NO   |     |                 |       |
  21. | ldap_search_attribute   | varchar(128)        | NO   |     |                 |       |
  22. | dropdown_first_entry    | int(11)             | NO   |     | 1               |       |
  23. | dropdown_first_remember | int(11)             | NO   |     | 1               |       |
  24. | discovery_groupid       | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   |     | 0               |       |
  25. | max_in_table            | int(11)             | NO   |     | 50              |       |
  26. | search_limit            | int(11)             | NO   |     | 1000            |       |
  27. +-------------------------+---------------------+------+-----+-----------------+-------+

functions

function 表时非常重要的一个表了，记录了trigger中使用的表达式，例如max、last、nodata等函数。

但其实这个表说他重要时因为同时记录了trigger、itemid，那就可以做一些API的开发了，例如根据
IP 茶香改IP的所有trigger，我记得1.8的版本的API是无法实现我说的这个功能的，那只能利用
function表去自己查询了。

  1. mysql> desc functions ;
  2. +------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
  3. | Field      | Type                | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
  4. +------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
  5. | functionid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   | PRI | 0       |       |
  6. | itemid     | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   | MUL | 0       |       |
  7. | triggerid  | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   | MUL | 0       |       |
  8. | lastvalue  | varchar(255)        | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
  9. | function   | varchar(12)         | NO   |     |         |       |
  10. | parameter  | varchar(255)        | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  11. +------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

graphs

graphs 表包含了用户定义的图表信息，同样的玩法可以是根据IP去查询改IP下的所有图表，
不过似乎是有API的，我只是举例而已。

  1. mysql> desc graphs;
  2. +------------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
  3. | Field            | Type                | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
  4. +------------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
  5. | graphid          | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   | PRI | 0       |       |
  6. | name             | varchar(128)        | NO   | MUL |         |       |
  7. | width            | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  8. | height           | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  9. | yaxismin         | double(16,4)        | NO   |     | 0.0000  |       |
  10. | yaxismax         | double(16,4)        | NO   |     | 0.0000  |       |
  11. | templateid       | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  12. | show_work_period | int(11)             | NO   |     | 1       |       |
  13. | show_triggers    | int(11)             | NO   |     | 1       |       |
  14. | graphtype        | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  15. | show_legend      | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  16. | show_3d          | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  17. | percent_left     | double(16,4)        | NO   |     | 0.0000  |       |
  18. | percent_right    | double(16,4)        | NO   |     | 0.0000  |       |
  19. | ymin_type        | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  20. | ymax_type        | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  21. | ymin_itemid      | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  22. | ymax_itemid      | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  23. +------------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

graphs_items

graphs_items 保存了属于某个图表的所有的监控项信息。

  1. mysql> desc graphs_items;
  2. +-------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
  3. | Field       | Type                | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
  4. +-------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
  5. | gitemid     | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   | PRI | 0       |       |
  6. | graphid     | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   | MUL | 0       |       |
  7. | itemid      | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   | MUL | 0       |       |
  8. | drawtype    | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  9. | sortorder   | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  10. | color       | varchar(6)          | NO   |     | 009600  |       |
  11. | yaxisside   | int(11)             | NO   |     | 1       |       |
  12. | calc_fnc    | int(11)             | NO   |     | 2       |       |
  13. | type        | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  14. | periods_cnt | int(11)             | NO   |     | 5       |       |
  15. +-------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

groups

groups 没啥说的，都懂，就是保存了组名和组的ID 。

  1. mysql> desc groups ;
  2. +----------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
  3. | Field    | Type                | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
  4. +----------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
  5. | groupid  | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   | PRI | 0       |       |
  6. | name     | varchar(64)         | NO   | MUL |         |       |
  7. | internal | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  8. +----------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

history 、history_str、history_log 、history_uint_sync等

这部分表都差不多，唯一不同的是保存的数据类型，history_str保存的数据
类型就算str即字符类型的。这个是和采集时设置的数据类型一致的。

需要注意的时，因为history表有这么多的类型，那自己写报表系统等去查询
数据时，就需要判断下数据的采集类型，如果查错了表，那肯定时没有数据的。

  1. mysql> desc history;
  2. +--------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
  3. | Field  | Type                | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
  4. +--------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
  5. | itemid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   | PRI | 0       |       |
  6. | clock  | int(11)             | NO   | PRI | 0       |       |
  7. | value  | double(16,4)        | NO   |     | 0.0000  |       |
  8. +--------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
  9.  
  10. mysql> desc history_str;
  11. +--------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
  12. | Field  | Type                | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
  13. +--------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
  14. | itemid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   | MUL | 0       |       |
  15. | clock  | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  16. | value  | varchar(255)        | NO   |     |         |       |
  17. +--------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

接收item值时的时间值存放在两个字段内，大于1秒的部分存放找clock字段单位是秒(s)，小于一秒的部分存放在ns字段单位是纳秒(ns)。

两个字段相加的值才是接收item值时的时间值，一般不用关心小于1秒的部分。

trends、trends_uint

trends 也是保存了历史数据用的，和history不同的时，trends表仅仅保存了
小时平均的值，即你可以理解为是history表的数据压缩。所以trends表也有
很多的类型，对应history。

值的注意的trends和history表这两类表数据量都非常大，我们一天大概就要有
40G 的数据。

所以注意定是去做压缩、删除。

  1. mysql> desc trends;
  2. +-----------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
  3. | Field     | Type                | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
  4. +-----------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
  5. | itemid    | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   | PRI | 0       |       |
  6. | clock     | int(11)             | NO   | PRI | 0       |       |
  7. | num       | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  8. | value_min | double(16,4)        | NO   |     | 0.0000  |       |
  9. | value_avg | double(16,4)        | NO   |     | 0.0000  |       |
  10. | value_max | double(16,4)        | NO   |     | 0.0000  |       |
  11. +-----------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
  12.  
  13. mysql> desc trends_uint;
  14. +-----------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
  15. | Field     | Type                | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
  16. +-----------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
  17. | itemid    | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   | PRI | 0       |       |
  18. | clock     | int(11)             | NO   | PRI | 0       |       |
  19. | num       | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  20. | value_min | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  21. | value_avg | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  22. | value_max | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  23. +-----------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

hosts

hosts 非常重要，保存了每个agent、proxy等的IP 、hostid、状态、IPMI等信息，
几乎是记录了一台设备的所有的信息。

当然hostid是当中非常非常重要的信息，其他的表一般都时关联hostid的。

  1. mysql> desc hosts;
  2. +--------------------+---------------------+------+-----+-----------+-------+
  3. | Field              | Type                | Null | Key | Default   | Extra |
  4. +--------------------+---------------------+------+-----+-----------+-------+
  5. | hostid             | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   | PRI | 0         |       |
  6. | proxy_hostid       | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   | MUL | 0         |       |
  7. | host               | varchar(64)         | NO   | MUL |           |       |
  8. | dns                | varchar(64)         | NO   |     |           |       |
  9. | useip              | int(11)             | NO   |     | 1         |       |
  10. | ip                 | varchar(39)         | NO   |     | 127.0.0.1 |       |
  11. | port               | int(11)             | NO   |     | 10050     |       |
  12. | status             | int(11)             | NO   | MUL | 0         |       |
  13. | disable_until      | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0         |       |
  14. | error              | varchar(128)        | NO   |     |           |       |
  15. | available          | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0         |       |
  16. | errors_from        | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0         |       |
  17. | lastaccess         | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0         |       |
  18. | inbytes            | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   |     | 0         |       |
  19. | outbytes           | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   |     | 0         |       |
  20. | useipmi            | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0         |       |
  21. | ipmi_port          | int(11)             | NO   |     | 623       |       |
  22. | ipmi_authtype      | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0         |       |
  23. | ipmi_privilege     | int(11)             | NO   |     | 2         |       |
  24. | ipmi_username      | varchar(16)         | NO   |     |           |       |
  25. | ipmi_password      | varchar(20)         | NO   |     |           |       |
  26. | ipmi_disable_until | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0         |       |
  27. | ipmi_available     | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0         |       |
  28. | snmp_disable_until | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0         |       |
  29. | snmp_available     | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0         |       |
  30. | maintenanceid      | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   |     | 0         |       |
  31. | maintenance_status | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0         |       |
  32. | maintenance_type   | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0         |       |
  33. | maintenance_from   | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0         |       |
  34. | ipmi_ip            | varchar(64)         | NO   |     | 127.0.0.1 |       |
  35. | ipmi_errors_from   | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0         |       |
  36. | snmp_errors_from   | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0         |       |
  37. | ipmi_error         | varchar(128)        | NO   |     |           |       |
  38. | snmp_error         | varchar(128)        | NO   |     |           |       |
  39. +--------------------+---------------------+------+-----+-----------+-------+

其实1.0的版本中，是没有这么多的字段的，好像只有hostid、host、status、disable_until
等几个字段，但1.8已经如此丰富了。

hosts_groups

hosts_groups 保存了host（主机）与host groups（主机组）的关联关系。

这部分信息可以在我们自己做一些批量查询，例如查询关联到某个主机组的所有
设备的IP 、存活状态等，进一步去查询该批量设备的load、IO、mem等统计信息。

我之前做的一个简单的报表就是例如了这部分的信息去查询某个业务线下所有设备
的一周统计信息，当然了是在同一个主机组或者模版组才可以的。

  1. mysql> desc hosts_groups ;
  2. +-------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
  3. | Field       | Type                | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
  4. +-------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
  5. | hostgroupid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   | PRI | 0       |       |
  6. | hostid      | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   | MUL | 0       |       |
  7. | groupid     | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   | MUL | 0       |       |
  8. +-------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

items

items 表保存了采集项的信息。

  1. mysql> desc items ;
  2. +-----------------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
  3. | Field                 | Type                | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
  4. +-----------------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
  5. | itemid                | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   | PRI | 0       |       |
  6. | type                  | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  7. | snmp_community        | varchar(64)         | NO   |     |         |       |
  8. | snmp_oid              | varchar(255)        | NO   |     |         |       |
  9. | snmp_port             | int(11)             | NO   |     | 161     |       |
  10. | hostid                | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   | MUL | 0       |       |
  11. | description           | varchar(255)        | NO   |     |         |       |
  12. | key_                  | varchar(255)        | NO   |     |         |       |
  13. | delay                 | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  14. | history               | int(11)             | NO   |     | 90      |       |
  15. | trends                | int(11)             | NO   |     | 365     |       |
  16. | lastvalue             | varchar(255)        | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
  17. | lastclock             | int(11)             | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
  18. | prevvalue             | varchar(255)        | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
  19. | status                | int(11)             | NO   | MUL | 0       |       |
  20. | value_type            | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  21. | trapper_hosts         | varchar(255)        | NO   |     |         |       |
  22. | units                 | varchar(10)         | NO   |     |         |       |
  23. | multiplier            | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  24. | delta                 | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  25. | prevorgvalue          | varchar(255)        | YES  |     | NULL    |       |
  26. | snmpv3_securityname   | varchar(64)         | NO   |     |         |       |
  27. | snmpv3_securitylevel  | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  28. | snmpv3_authpassphrase | varchar(64)         | NO   |     |         |       |
  29. | snmpv3_privpassphrase | varchar(64)         | NO   |     |         |       |
  30. | formula               | varchar(255)        | NO   |     | 1       |       |
  31. | error                 | varchar(128)        | NO   |     |         |       |
  32. | lastlogsize           | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  33. | logtimefmt            | varchar(64)         | NO   |     |         |       |
  34. | templateid            | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   | MUL | 0       |       |
  35. | valuemapid            | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  36. | delay_flex            | varchar(255)        | NO   |     |         |       |
  37. | params                | text                | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
  38. | ipmi_sensor           | varchar(128)        | NO   |     |         |       |
  39. | data_type             | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  40. | authtype              | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  41. | username              | varchar(64)         | NO   |     |         |       |
  42. | password              | varchar(64)         | NO   |     |         |       |
  43. | publickey             | varchar(64)         | NO   |     |         |       |
  44. | privatekey            | varchar(64)         | NO   |     |         |       |
  45. | mtime                 | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  46. +-----------------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

media

media 保存了某个用户的media配置项，即对应的告警方式。

  1. mysql> desc media;
  2. +-------------+---------------------+------+-----+-----------------+-------+
  3. | Field       | Type                | Null | Key | Default         | Extra |
  4. +-------------+---------------------+------+-----+-----------------+-------+
  5. | mediaid     | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   | PRI | 0               |       |
  6. | userid      | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   | MUL | 0               |       |
  7. | mediatypeid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   | MUL | 0               |       |
  8. | sendto      | varchar(100)        | NO   |     |                 |       |
  9. | active      | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0               |       |
  10. | severity    | int(11)             | NO   |     | 63              |       |
  11. | period      | varchar(100)        | NO   |     | 1-7,00:00-23:59 |       |
  12. +-------------+---------------------+------+-----+-----------------+-------+

media_type

media_type 表与media 表不同的是media_type 记录了某个告警方式对应的脚步等的存放路径。

  1. mysql> desc media_type;
  2. +-------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
  3. | Field       | Type                | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
  4. +-------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
  5. | mediatypeid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   | PRI | 0       |       |
  6. | type        | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  7. | description | varchar(100)        | NO   |     |         |       |
  8. | smtp_server | varchar(255)        | NO   |     |         |       |
  9. | smtp_helo   | varchar(255)        | NO   |     |         |       |
  10. | smtp_email  | varchar(255)        | NO   |     |         |       |
  11. | exec_path   | varchar(255)        | NO   |     |         |       |
  12. | gsm_modem   | varchar(255)        | NO   |     |         |       |
  13. | username    | varchar(255)        | NO   |     |         |       |
  14. | passwd      | varchar(255)        | NO   |     |         |       |
  15. +-------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

media 与media_type 通过mediatypeid 键关联。

profiles

profiles 表保存了用户的一些配置项。

  1. mysql> desc profiles ;
  2. +-----------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
  3. | Field     | Type                | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
  4. +-----------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
  5. | profileid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   | PRI | 0       |       |
  6. | userid    | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   | MUL | 0       |       |
  7. | idx       | varchar(96)         | NO   |     |         |       |
  8. | idx2      | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  9. | value_id  | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  10. | value_int | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  11. | value_str | varchar(255)        | NO   |     |         |       |
  12. | source    | varchar(96)         | NO   |     |         |       |
  13. | type      | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  14. +-----------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

rights

rights 表保存了用户组的权限信息，zabbix的权限一直也是我理不太清的地方，
其实这个表里面有详细的记录。

  1. mysql> desc rights;
  2. +------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
  3. | Field      | Type                | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
  4. +------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
  5. | rightid    | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   | PRI | 0       |       |
  6. | groupid    | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   | MUL | 0       |       |
  7. | permission | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  8. | id         | bigint(20) unsigned | YES  | MUL | NULL    |       |
  9. +------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

screens

screens 表保存了用户定义的图片。

  1. mysql> desc graphs;
  2. +------------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
  3. | Field            | Type                | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
  4. +------------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
  5. | graphid          | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   | PRI | 0       |       |
  6. | name             | varchar(128)        | NO   | MUL |         |       |
  7. | width            | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  8. | height           | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  9. | yaxismin         | double(16,4)        | NO   |     | 0.0000  |       |
  10. | yaxismax         | double(16,4)        | NO   |     | 0.0000  |       |
  11. | templateid       | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  12. | show_work_period | int(11)             | NO   |     | 1       |       |
  13. | show_triggers    | int(11)             | NO   |     | 1       |       |
  14. | graphtype        | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  15. | show_legend      | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  16. | show_3d          | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  17. | percent_left     | double(16,4)        | NO   |     | 0.0000  |       |
  18. | percent_right    | double(16,4)        | NO   |     | 0.0000  |       |
  19. | ymin_type        | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  20. | ymax_type        | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  21. | ymin_itemid      | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  22. | ymax_itemid      | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  23. +------------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

screens_items

同graphs_items。

  1. mysql> desc screens_items;
  2. +--------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
  3. | Field        | Type                | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
  4. +--------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
  5. | screenitemid | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   | PRI | 0       |       |
  6. | screenid     | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  7. | resourcetype | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  8. | resourceid   | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  9. | width        | int(11)             | NO   |     | 320     |       |
  10. | height       | int(11)             | NO   |     | 200     |       |
  11. | x            | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  12. | y            | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  13. | colspan      | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  14. | rowspan      | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  15. | elements     | int(11)             | NO   |     | 25      |       |
  16. | valign       | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  17. | halign       | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  18. | style        | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  19. | url          | varchar(255)        | NO   |     |         |       |
  20. | dynamic      | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  21. +--------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

sessions

sessions 表很重要，保存了每个用户的sessions,在登陆、注销的时候均会操作
该张表的。

做cas等统一认证时，需要了解下该表和相关的登陆、验证流程。有兴趣的看我
前面的文章吧。

  1. mysql> desc sessions;
  2. +------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
  3. | Field      | Type                | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
  4. +------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
  5. | sessionid  | varchar(32)         | NO   | PRI |         |       |
  6. | userid     | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   | MUL | 0       |       |
  7. | lastaccess | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  8. | status     | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  9. +------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

triggers

triggers 顾名思义保存了trigger的所有信息。

  1. mysql> desc triggers;
  2. +-------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
  3. | Field       | Type                | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
  4. +-------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
  5. | triggerid   | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   | PRI | 0       |       |
  6. | expression  | varchar(255)        | NO   |     |         |       |
  7. | description | varchar(255)        | NO   |     |         |       |
  8. | url         | varchar(255)        | NO   |     |         |       |
  9. | status      | int(11)             | NO   | MUL | 0       |       |
  10. | value       | int(11)             | NO   | MUL | 0       |       |
  11. | priority    | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  12. | lastchange  | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  13. | dep_level   | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  14. | comments    | blob                | NO   |     | NULL    |       |
  15. | error       | varchar(128)        | NO   |     |         |       |
  16. | templateid  | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  17. | type        | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0       |       |
  18. +-------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

trigger_depends

trigger_depends 保存了trigger的依赖关系。

  1. mysql> desc trigger_depends;
  2. +----------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
  3. | Field          | Type                | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
  4. +----------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
  5. | triggerdepid   | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   | PRI | 0       |       |
  6. | triggerid_down | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   | MUL | 0       |       |
  7. | triggerid_up   | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   | MUL | 0       |       |
  8. +----------------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+

users

不需要解释了,值的一提的部分用户配置会在该表中，例如auotlogin、autologout、
url、theme等信息。

  1. mysql> desc users;
  2. +----------------+---------------------+------+-----+-------------+-------+
  3. | Field          | Type                | Null | Key | Default     | Extra |
  4. +----------------+---------------------+------+-----+-------------+-------+
  5. | userid         | bigint(20) unsigned | NO   | PRI | 0           |       |
  6. | alias          | varchar(100)        | NO   | MUL |             |       |
  7. | name           | varchar(100)        | NO   |     |             |       |
  8. | surname        | varchar(100)        | NO   |     |             |       |
  9. | passwd         | char(32)            | NO   |     |             |       |
  10. | url            | varchar(255)        | NO   |     |             |       |
  11. | autologin      | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0           |       |
  12. | autologout     | int(11)             | NO   |     | 900         |       |
  13. | lang           | varchar(5)          | NO   |     | en_gb       |       |
  14. | refresh        | int(11)             | NO   |     | 30          |       |
  15. | type           | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0           |       |
  16. | theme          | varchar(128)        | NO   |     | default.css |       |
  17. | attempt_failed | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0           |       |
  18. | attempt_ip     | varchar(39)         | NO   |     |             |       |
  19. | attempt_clock  | int(11)             | NO   |     | 0           |       |
  20. | rows_per_page  | int(11)             | NO   |     | 50          |       |
  21. +----------------+---------------------+------+-----+-------------+-------+

转载：http://www.furion.info/623.html

使用python获取表中TCP连接数，生成Execl文件

  1. #/usr/bin/env python
  2. # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
  3.  
  4. import MySQLdb
  5. import xlsxwriter
  6. import time
  7.  
  8. host_list = ['192.168.0.1',
  9.                 '192.168.0.2',
  10.                 '192.168.0.3',
  11.                ]
  12.  
  13. def sql_login(ip):
  14.     conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='地址', port=3306, user='账号', passwd='密码', db='库名')
  15.     cur = conn.cursor()
  16.     sql_context = "select itemid, FROM_UNIXTIME(clock, '%Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%S'), value  " \
  17.                   "from  history_uint where itemid = (select itemid from items where items.key_ = 'tcpconn' " \
  18.                   "and items.hostid = (select hostid from hosts where host = '" + ip + \
  19.                   "')) and clock >= UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2016-04-22 18:00:00') and clock < UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2016-04-24 00:00:00')"
  20.     reCount = cur.execute(sql_context)
  21.     nRet = cur.fetchall()
  22.     cur.close()
  23.     conn.close()
  24.  
  25.     print reCount
  26.     #print nRet
  27.     perfix = time.strftime('%y%m%d%H%M%S')
  28.     xfilename = "./data/" + ip + "_conn_" + perfix + ".xlsx"
  29.     workbook = xlsxwriter.Workbook(xfilename)
  30.     worksheet1 = workbook.add_worksheet()
  31.     worksheet1.write('A1', u'主机地址')
  32.     worksheet1.write('B1', u'时间')
  33.     worksheet1.write('C1', u'TCP连接数')
  34.     row = 1
  35.     for i in nRet:
  36.         print i[0], i[1], i[2]
  37.         worksheet1.write(row, 0, ip)
  38.         worksheet1.write(row, 1, i[1])
  39.         worksheet1.write(row, 2, i[2])
  40.         row += 1
  41.         if row == reCount:
  42.             break
  43.     workbook.close()
  44.  
  45. def run():
  46.     for ip in host_list:
  47.         sql_login(ip)
  48.  
  49. if __name__ == '__main__':
  50.  
  51.     run()

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