oracle数据库rman备份计划及恢复

1.rman完全恢复的前提条件：历史的datafile,controlfile和spfile备份，加上完整的archivelog和完好的redolog。

2.rman备份脚本：

　　a.RMAN 0级备份命令:

run{

allocate channel c1 type disk;

allocate channel c2 type disk;

allocate channel c3 type disk;

backup incremental level  tag  'level0'  format "E:\recovery_area\rfdb\rfdb\AUTOBACKUP\rman_dir\RFDB_level_0_%u_%s_%p"  as compressed backupset

database;

sql "alter system archive log current";

backup filesperset  format "E:\recovery_area\rfdb\rfdb\AUTOBACKUP\rman_dir\arch_%u_%s_%p_%c"

archivelog all delete input; #备份归档可选，可以单独定期备份

release channel c1;

release channel c2;

release channel c3;

}

rman_level_0

　　b.RMAN 1级备份命令:

run{

allocate channel c1 type disk;

allocate channel c2 type disk;

allocate channel c3 type disk;

backup incremental level  tag  'level1' format 'E:\recovery_area\rfdb\rfdb\AUTOBACKUP\rman_dir\RFDB_level_1_%u_%s_%p'   as compressed backupset

database;

sql 'alter system archive log current';

backup filesperset  format 'E:\recovery_area\rfdb\rfdb\AUTOBACKUP\rman_dir\arch_%u_%s_%p'

archivelog all delete input; #备份归档可选，可以单独定期备份

release channel c1;

release channel c2;

release channel c3;

}

rman_level_1

　　c.rman删除备份命令（在保留最近一天备份的情况下，删除其他备份）:

DELETE NOPROMPT OBSOLETE RECOVERY WINDOW OF  DAYS;

　　d.操作系统层面运行rman备份或删除命令(windows/linux)：

rman target sys/rf4rfvbgt56yhn@rfdb nocatalog CMDFILE 'D:\app\rman\rman_file\level_0.txt' log=E:\recovery_area\rfdb\rfdb\AUTOBACKUP\rman_dir\log\rman_level_0.log

export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2./db1

export ORACLE_SID=atest

export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

rman target sys/@atest nocatalog CMDFILE '/u01/rman/rman.sh' log=/u01/rman/rman.log

  * *   bash /u01/rman_file/run_rman_0.sh

  * *   bash /u01/rman_file/run_rman_0.sh

  * *   bash /u01/rman_file/run_rman_0.sh

  * * *  bash /u01/rman_file/run_delete.sh

  * * *  bash /u01/rman_file/run_rman_0.sh

　　e.rman参数设置：

RMAN> CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
RMAN> CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK;

RMAN> CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE disk TO ;

RMAN> CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE disk TO ;

3.rman恢复

a.拷贝datafile,controlfile和spfile的rman备份，以及完整的archivelog和完好的redolog文件到新的数据库。

b.切换至oracle用户，进入rman（先设置sid）：

export ORACLE_SID=rfdb

rlwrap  rman target /

c.启动一个伪实例：

RMAN> startup nomount

connected to target database (not started)

startup failed: ORA-: failure in processing system parameters

LRM-: could not open parameter file '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db1/dbs/initrfdb.ora'

starting Oracle instance without parameter file for retrieval of spfile

Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area     bytes

Fixed Size                      bytes

Variable Size                 bytes

Database Buffers              bytes

Redo Buffers                    bytes

d.在伪实例下恢复spfile文件（必须要指定rman的备份片）：

RMAN> restore spfile from "/u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/autobackup/2015_12_07/o1_mf_s_897845728_c6bnq1rq_.bkp";

Starting restore at -DEC-

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring spfile from AUTOBACKUP /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/autobackup/2015_12_07/o1_mf_s_897845728_c6bnq1rq_.bkp

channel ORA_DISK_1: SPFILE restore from AUTOBACKUP complete

Finished restore at -DEC-

e.关闭伪实例，用spfile文件启动至nomount状态：

RMAN> shutdown abort

Oracle instance shut down

RMAN> startup nomount

connected to target database (not started)

Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area     bytes

Fixed Size                      bytes

Variable Size                 bytes

Database Buffers              bytes

Redo Buffers                    bytes

f.恢复控制文件（必须要指定rman的备份片，备份片应该和spfile的恢复片是同一个）：

RMAN> restore controlfile from "/u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/autobackup/2015_12_07/o1_mf_s_897845728_c6bnq1rq_.bkp";

Starting restore at -DEC-

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID= device type=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file

channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: ::

output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ATEST/controlfile/o1_mf_c5fr9b0h_.ctl

output file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ATEST/controlfile/o1_mf_c5fr9b6n_.ctl

Finished restore at -DEC-

g.启动数据库至mount状态：

RMAN> alter database mount;

database mounted

released channel: ORA_DISK_1

h.把拷贝到新机器的备份文件注册到（刚恢复的）控制文件中（redolog不能被注册，所以最后有报错，没有关系）：

RMAN> catalog start with "/u01/ora_bak";

Starting implicit crosscheck backup at -DEC-

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID= device type=DISK

Crosschecked  objects

Finished implicit crosscheck backup at -DEC-

Starting implicit crosscheck copy at -DEC-

using channel ORA_DISK_1

Finished implicit crosscheck copy at -DEC-

searching for all files in the recovery area

cataloging files...

cataloging done

List of Cataloged Files

=======================

File Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ATEST/backupset/2015_12_09/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20151209T161546_c6hrslnq_.bkp

File Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ATEST/autobackup/2015_12_09/o1_mf_s_898014415_c6hsghgm_.bkp

File Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ATEST/autobackup/2015_12_09/o1_mf_s_898013812_c6hrvo18_.bkp

searching for all files that match the pattern /u01/ora_bak

List of Files Unknown to the Database

=====================================

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/O1_MF_S_895896351_C4KSF2YN_.BKP

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_11_896812716.dbf

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_23_896812716.dbf

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_19_896812716.dbf

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_33_896812716.dbf

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_8_896812716.dbf

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_9_896812716.dbf

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_17_896812716.dbf

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_21_896812716.dbf

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_20_896812716.dbf

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_12_896812716.dbf

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_6_896812716.dbf

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_14_896812716.dbf

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_26_896812716.dbf

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_24_896812716.dbf

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_30_896812716.dbf

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_16_896812716.dbf

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_22_896812716.dbf

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_7_896812716.dbf

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_27_896812716.dbf

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_31_896812716.dbf

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_25_896812716.dbf

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_29_896812716.dbf

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_28_896812716.dbf

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_13_896812716.dbf

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_18_896812716.dbf

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_10_896812716.dbf

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_15_896812716.dbf

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_32_896812716.dbf

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/controlfile/o1_mf_c5fr9b6n_.ctl

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/onlinelog_f/o1_mf_2_c5fr9h1f_.log

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/onlinelog_f/o1_mf_3_c5fr9kfo_.log

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/onlinelog_f/o1_mf_1_c5fr9ds4_.log

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/onlinelog/o1_mf_3_c5fr9k9d_.log

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/onlinelog/o1_mf_2_c5fr9gy5_.log

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_c5fr9dmk_.log

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/backupset/2015_12_07/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20151207T173421_c6bnnxsl_.bkp

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/autobackup/2015_12_07/o1_mf_s_897845728_c6bnq1rq_.bkp

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/O1_MF_S_895896118_C4KS5S1R_.BKP

Do you really want to catalog the above files (enter YES or NO)? yes

cataloging files...

cataloging done

List of Cataloged Files

=======================

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_11_896812716.dbf

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_23_896812716.dbf

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_19_896812716.dbf

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_33_896812716.dbf

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_8_896812716.dbf

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_9_896812716.dbf

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_17_896812716.dbf

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_21_896812716.dbf

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_20_896812716.dbf

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_12_896812716.dbf

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_6_896812716.dbf

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_14_896812716.dbf

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_26_896812716.dbf

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_24_896812716.dbf

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_30_896812716.dbf

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_16_896812716.dbf

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_22_896812716.dbf

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_7_896812716.dbf

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_27_896812716.dbf

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_31_896812716.dbf

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_25_896812716.dbf

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_29_896812716.dbf

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_28_896812716.dbf

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_13_896812716.dbf

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_18_896812716.dbf

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_10_896812716.dbf

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_15_896812716.dbf

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_32_896812716.dbf

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/backupset/2015_12_07/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20151207T173421_c6bnnxsl_.bkp

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/autobackup/2015_12_07/o1_mf_s_897845728_c6bnq1rq_.bkp

List of Files Which Where Not Cataloged

=======================================

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/O1_MF_S_895896351_C4KSF2YN_.BKP

  RMAN-: Reason: Foreign database file DBID:   Database Name: RFDB

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/controlfile/o1_mf_c5fr9b6n_.ctl

  RMAN-: Reason: Error while cataloging. See alert.log.

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/onlinelog_f/o1_mf_2_c5fr9h1f_.log

  RMAN-: Reason: catalog is not supported for this file type

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/onlinelog_f/o1_mf_3_c5fr9kfo_.log

  RMAN-: Reason: catalog is not supported for this file type

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/onlinelog_f/o1_mf_1_c5fr9ds4_.log

  RMAN-: Reason: catalog is not supported for this file type

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/onlinelog/o1_mf_3_c5fr9k9d_.log

  RMAN-: Reason: catalog is not supported for this file type

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/onlinelog/o1_mf_2_c5fr9gy5_.log

  RMAN-: Reason: catalog is not supported for this file type

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_c5fr9dmk_.log

  RMAN-: Reason: catalog is not supported for this file type

File Name: /u01/ora_bak/O1_MF_S_895896118_C4KS5S1R_.BKP

  RMAN-: Reason: Foreign database file DBID:   Database Name: RFDB

i.开始restore数据文件：

RMAN> restore database;

Starting restore at -DEC-

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile  to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ATEST/datafile/o1_mf_system_c5fr6s3v_.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile  to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ATEST/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_c5fr6s6d_.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile  to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ATEST/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_c5fr6s7n_.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile  to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ATEST/datafile/o1_mf_users_c5fr6s88_.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ATEST/backupset/2015_12_09/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20151209T161546_c6hrslnq_.bkp

channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ATEST/backupset/2015_12_09/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20151209T161546_c6hrslnq_.bkp tag=TAG20151209T161546

channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece

channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: ::

Finished restore at -DEC-

j.开始recover数据（在此之前，需要先拷贝redolog到控制文件默认的路径下）：

redolog默认路径：

SQL> select member from v$logfile;

MEMBER

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ATEST/onlinelog/o1_mf_3_c5fr9k9d_.log

/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ATEST/onlinelog/o1_mf_3_c5fr9kfo_.log

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ATEST/onlinelog/o1_mf_2_c5fr9gy5_.log

/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ATEST/onlinelog/o1_mf_2_c5fr9h1f_.log

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ATEST/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_c5fr9dmk_.log

/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ATEST/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_c5fr9ds4_.log

 rows selected.

开始recover数据库：

RMAN> recover database;

Starting recover at -DEC-

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID= device type=DISK

starting media recovery

archived log for thread  with sequence  is already on disk as file /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_15_896812716.dbf

archived log for thread  with sequence  is already on disk as file /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_16_896812716.dbf

archived log for thread  with sequence  is already on disk as file /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_17_896812716.dbf

archived log for thread  with sequence  is already on disk as file /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_18_896812716.dbf

archived log for thread  with sequence  is already on disk as file /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_19_896812716.dbf

archived log for thread  with sequence  is already on disk as file /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_20_896812716.dbf

archived log for thread  with sequence  is already on disk as file /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_21_896812716.dbf

archived log for thread  with sequence  is already on disk as file /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_22_896812716.dbf

archived log for thread  with sequence  is already on disk as file /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_23_896812716.dbf

archived log for thread  with sequence  is already on disk as file /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_24_896812716.dbf

archived log for thread  with sequence  is already on disk as file /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_25_896812716.dbf

archived log for thread  with sequence  is already on disk as file /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_26_896812716.dbf

archived log for thread  with sequence  is already on disk as file /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_27_896812716.dbf

archived log for thread  with sequence  is already on disk as file /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_28_896812716.dbf

archived log for thread  with sequence  is already on disk as file /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_29_896812716.dbf

archived log for thread  with sequence  is already on disk as file /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_30_896812716.dbf

archived log for thread  with sequence  is already on disk as file /u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_31_896812716.dbf

archived log for thread  with sequence  is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ATEST/onlinelog/o1_mf_2_c5fr9gy5_.log

archived log for thread  with sequence  is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ATEST/onlinelog/o1_mf_3_c5fr9k9d_.log

archived log for thread  with sequence  is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ATEST/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_c5fr9dmk_.log

archived log file name=/u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_15_896812716.dbf thread= sequence=

archived log file name=/u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_16_896812716.dbf thread= sequence=

archived log file name=/u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_17_896812716.dbf thread= sequence=

archived log file name=/u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_18_896812716.dbf thread= sequence=

archived log file name=/u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_19_896812716.dbf thread= sequence=

archived log file name=/u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_20_896812716.dbf thread= sequence=

archived log file name=/u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_21_896812716.dbf thread= sequence=

archived log file name=/u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_22_896812716.dbf thread= sequence=

archived log file name=/u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_23_896812716.dbf thread= sequence=

archived log file name=/u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_24_896812716.dbf thread= sequence=

archived log file name=/u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_25_896812716.dbf thread= sequence=

archived log file name=/u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_26_896812716.dbf thread= sequence=

archived log file name=/u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_27_896812716.dbf thread= sequence=

archived log file name=/u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_28_896812716.dbf thread= sequence=

archived log file name=/u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_29_896812716.dbf thread= sequence=

archived log file name=/u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_30_896812716.dbf thread= sequence=

archived log file name=/u01/ora_bak/ora_bak/arch/1_31_896812716.dbf thread= sequence=

archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ATEST/onlinelog/o1_mf_2_c5fr9gy5_.log thread= sequence=

archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ATEST/onlinelog/o1_mf_3_c5fr9k9d_.log thread= sequence=

archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ATEST/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_c5fr9dmk_.log thread= sequence=

media recovery complete, elapsed time: ::

Finished recover at -DEC-

k.以resetlogs打开数据库（在此之前，先删除原来的redolog，因为数据库会重新创建一组redolog）：

删除原来的redo：

rm -rf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ATEST/onlinelog/*

以resetlogs打开数据库：

RMAN> alter database open resetlogs;

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

database opened

至此，数据库恢复全部完成！

---恢复内容结束---

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