一、视图三部曲

https://www.cnblogs.com/wupeiqi/articles/7805382.html

使用混合（mixins）

之前得视图部分

  1. # urls.py
  2.  
  3. from django.conf.urls import url
  4. from django.contrib import admin
  5.  
  6. from app01 import views
  7.  
  8. urlpatterns = [
  9.     url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
  10.     url(r'^publishes/$', views.PublishView.as_view(),name="publish"),
  11.     url(r'^publishes/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.PublishDetailView.as_view(),name="detail_publish"),
  12.     url(r"^books/$", views.BookView.as_view(),name="books"),
  13.     url(r'^books/(?P<pk>\d+)/$',views.BookDetailView.as_view(),name="detail_book")
  14.  
  15. ]
  16.  
  17. ------------------------------------------------------
  18.  
  19. # views.py
  20.  
  21. from rest_framework.views import APIView, Response
  22. from app01.serializers import *
  23.  
  24. class PublishView(APIView):
  25.     def get(self, request):
  26.         publish_list = Publish.objects.all()
  27.         ret = PublishModelSerializers(publish_list, many=True)
  28.         return Response(ret.data)
  29.  
  30.     def post(self, request):
  31.         ps = PublishModelSerializers(data=request.data)
  32.         if ps.is_valid():
  33.             ps.save()
  34.             return Response(ps.data)
  35.         else:
  36.             return Response(ps.errors)
  37.  
  38. class PublishDetailView(APIView):
  39.     def get(self,request,pk):
  40.         publish = Publish.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
  41.         ps = PublishModelSerializers(publish)
  42.         return Response(ps.data)
  43.  
  44.     def put(self,request,pk):
  45.         publish = Publish.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
  46.         ps = PublishModelSerializers(publish,data=request.data)
  47.         if ps.is_valid():
  48.             ps.save()
  49.             return Response(ps.data)
  50.         else:
  51.             return Response(ps.errors)
  52.  
  53.     def delete(self,request,pk):
  54.         Publish.objects.filter(pk=pk).delete()
  55.         return Response()
  56.  
  57. class BookView(APIView):
  58.     def get(self, request):
  59.         book_list = Book.objects.all()
  60.         ret = BookModelSerializers(book_list, many=True,context={"request":request})
  61.         return Response(ret.data)
  62.  
  63.     def post(self, request):
  64.         bms = BookModelSerializers(data=request.data, many=False,context={"request":request})
  65.         if bms.is_valid():
  66.             bms.save()
  67.             return Response(bms.data)
  68.         else:
  69.             return Response(bms.errors)
  70.  
  71. class BookDetailView(APIView):
  72.     def get(self,request,pk):
  73.         book = Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
  74.         # 序列化
  75.         bms = BookModelSerializers(book,context={"request":request})
  76.         return Response(bms.data)
  77.  
  78.     def put(self,request,pk):
  79.         book = Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
  80.         bms = BookModelSerializers(book,data=request.data,context={"request":request})
  81.         if bms.is_valid():
  82.             bms.save()
  83.             return Response(bms.data)
  84.         else:
  85.             return Response(bms.errors)
  86.  
  87.     def delete(self,reqeust,pk):
  88.         Book.objects.filter(pk=pk).delete()
  89.         return Response()
  90.  
  91. ---------------------------------------------------
  92. # serializers.py
  93.  
  94. # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
  95. from .models import *
  96. from rest_framework import serializers
  97.  
  98. class PublishModelSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
  99.     class Meta:
  100.         model = Publish
  101.         fields = "__all__"
  102.  
  103. class BookModelSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
  104.     class Meta:
  105.         model = Book
  106.         fields = "__all__"
  1. from django.db import models
  2.  
  3. # Create your models here.
  4.  
  5. class Book(models.Model):
  6.     title = models.CharField(max_length=32)
  7.     price = models.IntegerField()
  8.     pub_date = models.DateField()
  9.     publish = models.ForeignKey("Publish")
  10.     authors = models.ManyToManyField("Author")
  11.  
  12.     def __str__(self):
  13.         return self.title
  14.  
  15. class Publish(models.Model):
  16.     name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
  17.     email = models.EmailField()
  18.  
  19.     def __str__(self):
  20.         return self.name
  21.  
  22. class Author(models.Model):
  23.     name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
  24.     age = models.IntegerField()
  25.  
  26.     def __str__(self):
  27.         return self.name

models.py

1. mixin类编写视图

from rest_framework import mixins, generics

mixins.ListModelMixin,   mixins.CreateModelMixin,

mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,   mixins.UpdateModelMixin,   mixins.DestroyModelMixin,

generics.GenericAPIView

  1.    url(r'^authors/$',views.AuthorView.as_view(),name="author"),
  2.    url(r'^authors/(?P<pk>\d+)',views.AuthorDetailView.as_view(),name="detail_author"),
  3.  
  4. -----------------------------------------
  5.  
  6. #########################   mixin类编写视图  ##############################
  7.  
  8. from rest_framework import mixins, generics
  9.  
  10. class AuthorView(mixins.ListModelMixin, mixins.CreateModelMixin, generics.GenericAPIView):
  11.     queryset = Author.objects.all()
  12.     serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializers
  13.  
  14.     def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
  15.         return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)
  16.  
  17.     def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
  18.         return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)
  19.  
  20. class AuthorDetailView(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin, mixins.UpdateModelMixin, mixins.DestroyModelMixin,
  21.                        generics.GenericAPIView):
  22.     queryset = Author.objects.all()
  23.     serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializers
  24.  
  25.     def get(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
  26.         return self.retrieve(request, *args, **kwargs)
  27.  
  28.     def put(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
  29.         return self.update(request, *args, **kwargs)
  30.  
  31.     def delete(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
  32.         return self.destroy(request, *args, **kwargs)
  33.  
  34. ------------------------------------------------
  35.  
  36. class AuthorModelSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
  37.     class Meta:
  38.         model = Author
  39.         fields = "__all__"

2. 使用通用的基于类的视图

from rest_framework import generics

generics.ListCreateAPIView

generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView

通过使用mixin类，我们使用更少的代码重写了这些视图，但我们还可以再进一步。REST框架提供了一组已经混合好（mixed-in）的通用视图，我们可以使用它来简化我们的views.py模块。

  1. #########################   使用通用得基于类得视图  ##############################
  2.  
  3. from rest_framework import generics
  4.  
  5. class AuthorView(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
  6.     queryset = Author.objects.all()
  7.     serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializers
  8.  
  9. class AuthorDetailView(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
  10.     queryset = Author.objects.all()
  11.     serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializers

3. viewsets.ModelViewSet

views.AuthorModelView.as_view({"get": "list", "post": "create"})

views.AuthorModelView.as_view({"get": "retrieve", "put": "update", "delete": "destroy"})

from rest_framework  import viewsets

viewsets.ModelViewSet

  1.     url(r'^authors/$', views.AuthorModelView.as_view({"get": "list", "post": "create"}), name="author"),
  2.     url(r'^authors/(?P<pk>\d+)',
  3.         views.AuthorModelView.as_view({"get": "retrieve", "put": "update", "delete": "destroy"}), name="detail_author"),
  4.  
  5. ---------------------------------------------------
  6.  
  7. #########################   viewsets.ModelViewSet  ##############################
  8.  
  9. from rest_framework import viewsets
  10.  
  11. class AuthorModelView(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
  12.     queryset = Author.objects.all()
  13.     serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializers
  14.  
  15. 　　# 可重写，覆盖！　　
    　　# def list(self,request,*args,**kwargs):pass

效果：

get  post  get  put  delete  都可访问！

  

  1. http://www.cnblogs.com/yuanchenqi/articles/8719520.html
  2. 视图三部曲
  3. 5中方法： 查（全部） 查（单条） 增 删 改
  4. 逻辑封装起来了
  5.  
  6. -----------------------------------
  7.  
  8. class AuthorModelView(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
  9.     queryset = Author.objects.all()
  10.     serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializers
  11.  
  12. (1):url(r'^authors/$', views.AuthorModelView.as_view({"get":"list","post":"create"}), name='author'),
  13. (2):url(r'^authors/$', ViewSetMixin.as_view({"get":"list","post":"create"}), name='author'),
  14. (3):url(r'^authors/$', ViewsetMixin.View, name='author'),
  15.  
  16. 一旦用户 get 方式 访问 authors：
  17. ViewsetMixin.View():
  18.     for method, action in actions.items(): # {"get":"list","post":"create"}
  19.         handler = getattr(self, action)    # self.list  self.create
  20.         setattr(self, method, handler)     # self.get = self.list  self.post = self.create
  21.  
  22.         # getattr(self,"get")  # self.list
  23.         # getattr(self,"post") # self.create
  24.  
  25.     return self.dispatch()
  26.  
  27. APIView.dispatch():
  28.     if request.method.lower() in self.http_method_names:
  29.         handler = getattr(self,request.method.lower())
  30.         response = handler(request,*args,**kwargs)  # self.list()
  31.  
  32.         return response
  33.  
  34. (ViewSetMixin)

小总结 - 笔记

二、认证组件

生成随机字符串

  1. import hashlib, time
  2.  
  3. def get_random_str(user):
  4.     """ 生成随机 字符串 """
  5.     ctime = str(time.time())
  6.  
  7.     md5 = hashlib.md5(bytes(user,encoding='utf-8'))
  8.     md5.update(bytes(ctime,encoding="utf-8"))
  9.  
  10.     return md5.hexdigest()

update_or_create

  1. #  update_or_create
  2. Token.objects.update_or_create(user=user,defaults={"token":random_str})

返回json

  1. # import json
  2. # from  django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
  3. # return HttpResponse(json.dumps(res,ensure_ascii=False))
  4.  
  5. # from django.http import JsonResponse
  6. # return JsonResponse(res)
  7.  
  8. return Response(res)

登录，生成随机token

  1. url(r'^login/$', views.LoginView.as_view(), name="login")
  2.  
  3. ---------------------------------------------
  4.  
  5. import hashlib, time
  6.  
  7. def get_random_str(user):
  8.     """ 生成随机 字符串 """
  9.     ctime = str(time.time())
  10.  
  11.     md5 = hashlib.md5(bytes(user,encoding='utf-8'))
  12.     md5.update(bytes(ctime,encoding="utf-8"))
  13.  
  14.     return md5.hexdigest()
  15.  
  16. class LoginView(APIView):
  17.     def post(self,request):
  18.         name = request.data.get("name")
  19.         pwd = request.data.get("pwd")
  20.  
  21.         user = User.objects.filter(name=name,pwd=pwd).first()
  22.         res = {"state_code":1000,"msg":None}
  23.         if user:
  24.             random_str = get_random_str(user.name)
  25.             #  update_or_create
  26.             Token.objects.update_or_create(user=user,defaults={"token":random_str})
  27.             res["token"] = random_str
  28.         else:
  29.             res["state_code"] = 1001 # 错误状态码
  30.             res["msg"] = "用户名或密码错误"
  31.  
  32.         # import json
  33.         # from  django.shortcuts import HttpResponse
  34.         # return HttpResponse(json.dumps(res,ensure_ascii=False))
  35.  
  36.         # from django.http import JsonResponse
  37.         # return JsonResponse(res)
  38.  
  39.         return Response(res)
  40.  
  41. --------------------------------------------------------
  42.  
  43. # models.py 
  44.  
  45. class User(models.Model):
  46.     name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
  47.     pwd = models.CharField(max_length=32)
  48.  
  49. class Token(models.Model):
  50.     user = models.OneToOneField("User")
  51.     token = models.CharField(max_length=128)
  52.  
  53.     def __str__(self):
  54.         return self.token

效果图：

 

登录验证 - 局部

authentication_classes = [TokenAuth]

from rest_framework import exceptions

from rest_framework.authentication import BaseAuthentication

def authenticate(self,request):

　　... ...

　　if not token_obj:

　　　　 raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed("验证失败")

　　return (token_obj.user.name, token_obj)

  1. from rest_framework import exceptions
  2.  
  3. # class TokenAuth(object):
  4. #     def authenticate(self,request):
  5. #         token = request.GET.get("token")
  6. #         token_obj = Token.objects.filter(token=token).first()
  7. #         if not token_obj:
  8. #             raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed("验证失败")
  9. #
  10. #         return (token_obj.user.name, token_obj)
  11. #
  12. #     def authenticate_header(self,request):
  13. #         pass
  14.  
  15. from rest_framework.authentication import BaseAuthentication
  16.  
  17. class TokenAuth(BaseAuthentication):
  18.     def authenticate(self,request):
  19.         token = request.GET.get("token")
  20.         token_obj = Token.objects.filter(token=token).first()
  21.         if not token_obj:
  22.             raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed("验证失败")
  23.  
  24.         return (token_obj.user.name, token_obj)
  25.  
  26. class BookView(APIView):
  27.     authentication_classes = [TokenAuth]
  29.     def get(self, request):
  30.         book_list = Book.objects.all()
  31.         ret = BookModelSerializers(book_list, many=True, context={"request": request})
  32.         return Response(ret.data)
  33.  
  34.     def post(self, request):
  35.         bms = BookModelSerializers(data=request.data, many=False, context={"request": request})
  36.         if bms.is_valid():
  37.             bms.save()
  38.             return Response(bms.data)
  39.         else:
  40.             return Response(bms.errors)

登录验证 - 全局

settings 配置

　　'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES': ['app01.utils.TokenAuth']

  1. # settings.py
  2.  
  3. REST_FRAMEWORK = {
  4.     'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES': ['app01.utils.TokenAuth']
  5. }
  6.  
  7. -------------------------------------------
  8. # app01.utils
  9.  
  10. from .models import *
  11. from rest_framework import exceptions
  12. from rest_framework.authentication import BaseAuthentication
  13.  
  14. class TokenAuth(BaseAuthentication):
  15.     def authenticate(self,request):
  16.         token = request.GET.get("token")
  17.         token_obj = Token.objects.filter(token=token).first()
  18.         if not token_obj:
  19.             raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed("验证失败")
  20.  
  21.         return (token_obj.user.name, token_obj)
  22.  
  23. --------------------------------------------
  24. # views.py
  25.  
  26. class BookView(APIView):
  27.     def get(self, request):
  28.         book_list = Book.objects.all()
  29.         ret = BookModelSerializers(book_list, many=True, context={"request": request})
  30.         return Response(ret.data)
  31.  
  32.     def post(self, request):
  33.         bms = BookModelSerializers(data=request.data, many=False, context={"request": request})
  34.         if bms.is_valid():
  35.             bms.save()
  36.             return Response(bms.data)
  37.         else:
  38.             return Response(bms.errors)
  39.  
  40. -----------------------------------------
  1. class AuthorModelView(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
        authentication_classes = []   # 加上这个，前提是全局有认证；加上这个，就走自己得，不认证了，自己没有，才走全局配置得！
  2.  
  3.     queryset = Author.objects.all()
        serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializers

效果图:

     

三、权限组件

权限 - 局部

permission_classes = [SVIPPermission]

has_permission(self,request,view):pass   # 固定得写法，根据源码来写得！

authentication_classes = []                       # 登录页面 不需要验证，在全局配置得前提下

  1. class AuthorModelView(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
  2.     authentication_classes = [TokenAuth]
  3.     permission_classes = [SVIPPermission]
  4.  
  5.     queryset = Author.objects.all()
  6.     serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializers
  7.  
  8. ----------------------------------------------
  1. # app01.utils.SVIPPermission
  1. class SVIPPermission(object):
  2.     message = "只有超级用户才能访问"
  3.     def has_permission(self,request,view):
  4.         username = request.user
  5.         user_type = User.objects.filter(name=username).first().user_type
  6.         if user_type == 3:
  7.             return True
  8.         else:
  9.             return False
  10.  
  11. ----------------------------------------------
  12.  
  13. class LoginView(APIView):
  14.     authentication_classes = []
  15.     ...
  16.  
  17.     ...

权限 - 全局

settings配置：

　　'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': ['app01.utils.SVIPPermission']

  1. # settings.py
  2.  
  3. REST_FRAMEWORK = {
  4.     'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES': ['app01.utils.TokenAuth'],
  5.     'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': ['app01.utils.SVIPPermission']
  6. }

效果图：

四、频率组件

局部视图throttle

  1. class BookView(APIView):
  2.     # authentication_classes = [TokenAuth]
  3.     # permission_classes = [SVIPPermission]
  4.     throttle_classes = [VisitRateThrottle]
  5.  
  6.     。。。  。。。 
  7.  
  8. -----------------------------------------------
  9.  
  10. from rest_framework.throttling import BaseThrottle
  11.  
  12. VISIT_RECORD={}
  13. class VisitThrottle(BaseThrottle):
  14.  
  15.     def __init__(self):
  16.         self.history=None
  17.  
  18.     def allow_request(self,request,view):
  19.         remote_addr = request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR')
  20.         print(remote_addr)
  21.         import time
  22.         ctime=time.time()
  23.  
  24.         if remote_addr not in VISIT_RECORD:
  25.             VISIT_RECORD[remote_addr]=[ctime,]
  26.             return True
  27.  
  28.         history=VISIT_RECORD.get(remote_addr)
  29.         self.history=history
  30.  
  31.         while history and history[-1]<ctime-60:
  32.             history.pop()
  33.  
  34.         if len(history)<3:
  35.             history.insert(0,ctime)
  36.             return True
  37.         else:
  38.             return False
  39.  
  40.     def wait(self):
  41.         import time
  42.         ctime=time.time()
  43.         return 60-(ctime-self.history[-1])

全局视图throttle

  1. REST_FRAMEWORK = {
  2.     'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES': ['app01.utils.TokenAuth'],
  3.     'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': ['app01.utils.SVIPPermission'],
  4.     'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES': ['app01.utils.VisitThrottle'],
  5. }

内置throttle类

  1. REST_FRAMEWORK = {
  2.     'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES': ['app01.utils.TokenAuth'],
  3.     'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': ['app01.utils.SVIPPermission'],
  4.     'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES': ['app01.utils.VisitThrottle'],
  5.     "DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES": {
  6.         "visit_rate": "1/m",
  7.     }
  8. }
  9.  
  10. ------------------------------------
  11.  
  12. from rest_framework.throttling import SimpleRateThrottle
  13. class VisitThrottle(SimpleRateThrottle):
  14.  
  15.     scope="visit_rate"
  16.     def get_cache_key(self, request, view):
  17.  
  18.         return self.get_ident(request)

http://www.cnblogs.com/yuanchenqi/articles/8719520.html

五、解析器

  1. from rest_framework.parsers import JSONParser,FormParser,MultiPartParser,FileUploadParser
  2. """
  3. 默认得是 JSONParser FormParser MultiPartParser
  4. """
  5.  
  6. class BookView(APIView):
  7.  
  8.     parser_classes = [JSONParser,FormParser]
  9.  
  10.     ...

request类

　　django的request类和rest-framework的request类的源码解析

局部视图

  1. from rest_framework.parsers import JSONParser,FormParser
  2. class PublishViewSet(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
  3.     parser_classes = [FormParser,JSONParser]
  4.     queryset = Publish.objects.all()
  5.     serializer_class = PublshSerializers
  6.     def post(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
  7.         print("request.data",request.data)
  8.         return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)

全局视图

  1. REST_FRAMEWORK={
  2.     "DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES":["app01.service.auth.Authentication",],
  3.     "DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES":["app01.service.permissions.SVIPPermission",],
  4.     "DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES":["app01.service.throttles.VisitThrottle",],
  5.     "DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES":{
  6.         "visit_rate":"5/m",
  7.     },
  8.     "DEFAULT_PARSER_CLASSES":['rest_framework.parsers.FormParser',]
  9. }

六、url路由控制

url(r'',include(routers.urls)),

from rest_framework import routers

routers = routers.DefaultRouter()

routers.register("authors",views.AuthorModelView)

  1. # urls.py
  2.  
  3. from django.conf.urls import url,include
  4. from django.contrib import admin
  5.  
  6. from app01 import views
  7.  
  8. from rest_framework import routers
  9. routers = routers.DefaultRouter()
  10. routers.register("authors",views.AuthorModelView)
  11.  
  12. urlpatterns = [
  13.     url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
  14.     url(r'^publishes/$', views.PublishView.as_view(), name="publish"),
  15.     url(r'^publishes/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.PublishDetailView.as_view(), name="detail_publish"),
  16.     url(r"^books/$", views.BookView.as_view(), name="books"),
  17.     url(r'^books/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.BookDetailView.as_view(), name="detail_book"),
  18.  
  19.     # url(r'^authors/$',views.AuthorView.as_view(),name="author"),
  20.     # url(r'^authors/(?P<pk>\d+)',views.AuthorDetailView.as_view(),name="detail_author"),
  21.  
  22.     # url(r'^authors/$', views.AuthorModelView.as_view({"get": "list", "post": "create"}), name="author"),
  23.     # url(r'^authors/(?P<pk>\d+)',
  24.     #     views.AuthorModelView.as_view({"get": "retrieve", "put": "update", "delete": "destroy"}), name="detail_author"),
  25.  
  26.     url(r'',include(routers.urls)),
  27.  
  28.     url(r'^login/$', views.LoginView.as_view(), name="login")
  29.  
  30. ]
  31.  
  32. ------------------------------------------
  33.  
  34. # views.py
  35.  
  36. from rest_framework import viewsets
  37.  
  38. class AuthorModelView(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
  39.     queryset = Author.objects.all()
  40.     serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializers

效果图

  

七、分页

pnp = MyPageNumberPagination()

books_page = pnp.paginate_queryset(book_list,request,self)

  1.  
  1. from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination, LimitOffsetPagination
  2.  
  3. class MyPageNumberPagination(PageNumberPagination):
  4.     page_size = 2
  5.     page_query_param = "page"
  6.     page_size_query_param = "size"
  7.     max_page_size = 2   # 限制 size 得大小 不能超过多少！！
  8.  
  9. class MyLimitOffsetPagination(LimitOffsetPagination):
  10.     default_limit = 1
  11.  
  12. ---------------------------
  13.  
  14. class BookView(APIView):def get(self, request):
  15.  
  16.         book_list = Book.objects.all()
  17.  
  18.         pnp = MyPageNumberPagination()
  19.         # pnp = MyLimitOffsetPagination()
  20.  
  21.         books_page = pnp.paginate_queryset(book_list,request,self)
  22.  
  23.         # ret = BookModelSerializers(book_list, many=True, context={"request": request})
  24.         ret = BookModelSerializers(books_page, many=True)
  25.  
  26.         # return Response(ret.data)
    　　　　
  1. 　　　　 return pnp.get_paginated_response(ret.data)
  1. from rest_framework import viewsets
  2.  
  3. class AuthorModelView(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
  4.     queryset = Author.objects.all()
  5.     serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializers
  6.  
  7.     pagination_class = MyPageNumberPagination

效果图

  1. day99
  2.  
  3. 1 CBV
  4.  
  5. 2 APIView
  6.  class BookView（APIView）：pass
  7.  url(r'^books/$', views.BookView.as_view(),name="books"),
  8.  url(r'^books/$', View类下的view,name="books"),
  9.  一旦访问books/:  view(request)======APIView类下的dispatch()====请求方式对应的示例方法()
  10.  
  11. 3 def dispatch()：
  12.       #一 初始化操作
  13.       # (1) 构建新的request:
  14.       self.request=self.initial_request()
  15.       # self.request._request
  16.       # self.request.GET
  17.       # self.request.data
  18.       # (2) 执行组件
  19.       # 认证，权限，频率
  20.       # 认证：request.user
  21.       self.initial(request, *args, **kwargs)
  22.                  ====   # 认证组件
  23.                         self.perform_authentication(request)
  24.                            ==== request.user
  25.                                      =====
  26.                                           for authenticator in self.authenticators:  # [TokenAuth(),]
  27.                                                     try:
  28.                                                         user_auth_tuple = authenticator.authenticate(self)
  29.                                                     except exceptions.APIException:
  30.                                                         self._not_authenticated()
  31.                                                         raise
  32.  
  33.                                                     if user_auth_tuple is not None:
  34.                                                         self._authenticator = authenticator
  35.                                                         self.user, self.auth = user_auth_tuple
  36.                                                         return
  37.  
  38.                         # 权限组件
  39.                         self.check_permissions(request)
  40.                            ===========
  41.                                  for permission in self.get_permissions():
  42.                                         if not permission.has_permission(request, self):
  43.                                             self.permission_denied(
  44.                                                 request, message=getattr(permission, 'message', None)
  45.                                             )
  46.  
  47.                         # 频率组件
  48.                         self.check_throttles(request)
  49.  
  50.                           =============
  51.                             for throttle in self.get_throttles():  # [VisitRateThrottle(),]
  52.                                     if not throttle.allow_request(request, self):
  53.                                         self.throttled(request, throttle.wait()) # 受限制
  54.  
  55.        # 分发
  56.             if request.method.lower() in self.http_method_names:
  57.                 handler = getattr(self,request.method.lower(),
  58.                                   self.http_method_not_allowed)
  59.  
  60.             response = handler(request, *args, **kwargs)
  61.  
  62.             return response
  63.  
  64. 4 序列化组件
  65.  
  66.     class PublishSerializers(serializers.Serializer):
  67.             name = serializers.CharField()
  68.             email = serializers.CharField()
  69.  
  70.     class PublishModelSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
  71.             class Meta:
  72.                 model=Publish
  73.                 fields="__all__"
  74.  
  75.     # queryset或者model对象-------------》json数据
  76.     ps=PublishSerializers(queryset,many=True)
  77.     ps.data # [{},{},{}]
  78.  
  79.     ps=PublishSerializers(model_obj,many=False)
  80.     ps.data # {}
  81.  
  82.     # json数据-------》记录
  83.     # 添加操作
  84.     ps=PublishSerializers(data=request.data)
  85.     if ps.is_valid():
  86.        ps.save()  # create
  87.  
  88.     # 更新操作
  89.  
  90.     ps=PublishSerializers(model_obj,data=request.data)
  91.     if ps.is_valid():
  92.        ps.save()  # update
  93.  
  94. 5 视图组件
  95.     # 版本1：
  96.           # Book表
  97.             class BookView(APIView):
  98.  
  99.                 def get(self,request):
  100.                     book_list=Book.objects.all()
  101.                     bs=BookModelSerializers(book_list,many=True,context={'request': request})
  102.                     return Response(bs.data)
  103.                 def post(self,request):
  104.                     # post请求的数据
  105.                     bs=BookModelSerializers(data=request.data)
  106.                     if bs.is_valid():
  107.                         print(bs.validated_data)
  108.                         bs.save()# create方法
  109.                         return Response(bs.data)
  110.                     else:
  111.                         return Response(bs.errors)
  112.  
  113.             class BookDetailView(APIView):
  114.  
  115.                 def get(self,request,id):
  116.  
  117.                     book=Book.objects.filter(pk=id).first()
  118.                     bs=BookModelSerializers(book,context={'request': request})
  119.                     return Response(bs.data)
  120.  
  121.                 def put(self,request,id):
  122.                     book=Book.objects.filter(pk=id).first()
  123.                     bs=BookModelSerializers(book,data=request.data)
  124.                     if bs.is_valid():
  125.                         bs.save()
  126.                         return Response(bs.data)
  127.                     else:
  128.                         return Response(bs.errors)
  129.  
  130.                 def delete(self,request,id):
  131.                     Book.objects.filter(pk=id).delete()
  132.  
  133.                     return Response()
  134.  
  135.     # 版本2：mixIn
  136.  
  137.         from rest_framework import mixins
  138.         from rest_framework import generics
  139.  
  140.         class AuthorView(mixins.ListModelMixin,mixins.CreateModelMixin,generics.GenericAPIView):
  141.             queryset=Author.objects.all()
  142.             serializer_class =AuthorModelSerializers
  143.  
  144.             def get(self,request, *args, **kwargs):
  145.                 return self.list(request, *args, **kwargs)
  146.             def post(self,request, *args, **kwargs):
  147.                 return self.create(request, *args, **kwargs)
  148.  
  149.         class AuthorDetailView(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,mixins.DestroyModelMixin,mixins.UpdateModelMixin,generics.GenericAPIView):
  150.             queryset = Author.objects.all()
  151.             serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializers
  152.  
  153.             def get(self,request,*args, **kwargs):
  154.                 return self.retrieve(request,*args, **kwargs)
  155.  
  156.             def delete(self,request,*args, **kwargs):
  157.                 return self.destroy(request,*args, **kwargs)
  158.  
  159.             def put(self,request,*args, **kwargs):
  160.                 return self.retrieve(request,*args, **kwargs)
  161.  
  162.     # 版本3：基于通用类
  163.         from rest_framework import mixins
  164.         from rest_framework import generics
  165.  
  166.         class AuthorView(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
  167.             queryset=Author.objects.all()
  168.             serializer_class =AuthorModelSerializers
  169.  
  170.         class AuthorDetailView(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
  171.             queryset = Author.objects.all()
  172.             serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializers
  173.  
  174.     # 版本4
  175.      class AuthorModelView(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
  176.             queryset = Author.objects.all()
  177.             serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializers
  178.  
  179.      url(r'^authors/$', views.AuthorModelView.as_view({"get":"list","post":"create"}),name="author"),
  180.      url(r'^authors/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.AuthorModelView.as_view({"get":"retrieve","put"
  181.  
  182.      流程：
  183.          url(r'^authors/$', views.AuthorModelView.as_view({"get":"list","post":"create"}),name="author"),
  184.          url(r'^authors/$', ViewSetMixin.as_view({"get":"list","post":"create"}),name="author"),
  185.          url(r'^authors/$', ViewSetMixin类下的view),
  186.          一旦访问 /authors/:
  187.               ViewSetMixin
  188.              def  view():
  189.                 for method, action in actions.items(): # {"get":"list","post":"create"}
  190.                     handler = getattr(self, action)    # self.list  self.create
  191.                     setattr(self, method, handler)
  192.  
  193.                 self.dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
  194.  
  195.             APIView类下的self.dispatch
  196.                   # 分发
  197.                     if request.method.lower() in self.http_method_names:
  198.                         handler = getattr(self,request.method.lower(),
  199.                                           self.http_method_not_allowed)
  200.  
  201.                     response = handler(request, *args, **kwargs) # self.list()
  202.  
  203.                     return response
  204.  
  205. 6 认证权限频率 组件
  206.  
  207.     request.META:
  208.         {'ALLUSERSPROFILE': 'C:\\ProgramData',
  209.         'APPDATA': 'C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Roaming',
  210.         'COMMONPROGRAMFILES': 'C:\\Program Files\\Common Files',
  211.         'COMMONPROGRAMFILES(X86)': 'C:\\Program Files (x86)\\Common Files',
  212.         'COMMONPROGRAMW6432': 'C:\\Program Files\\Common Files',
  213.         'COMPUTERNAME': 'PC201712041709',
  214.         'COMSPEC': 'C:\\Windows\\system32\\cmd.exe',
  215.         'DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE': 'restdemo.settings',
  216.         'FP_NO_HOST_CHECK': 'NO', 'HOMEDRIVE': 'C:',
  217.         'HOMEPATH': '\\Users\\Administrator',
  218.         'LOCALAPPDATA': 'C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Local',
  219.         'LOGONSERVER': '\\\\PC201712041709',
  220.         'NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS': '', 'OS': 'Windows_NT',
  221.         'PATH': 'C:\\Windows\\system32;C:\\Windows;C:\\Windows\\System32\\Wbem;C:\\Windows\\System32\\WindowsPowerShell\\v1.0\\;C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python36;C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python36\\Scripts;C:\\Python27;E:\\MySQL Server 5.6\\bin;C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python36\\Scripts\\;C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Local\\Programs\\Python\\Python36\\;C:\\Users\\Administrator\\AppData\\Local\\atom\\bin',
  222.         'PATHEXT': '.COM;.EXE;.BAT;.CMD;.VBS;.VBE;.JS;.JSE;.WSF;.WSH;.MSC',
  223.         'PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE': 'AMD64',
  224.         'PROCESSOR_IDENTIFIER': 'Intel64 Family 6 Model 60 Stepping 3, GenuineIntel',
  225.         'PROCESSOR_LEVEL': '', 'PROCESSOR_REVISION': '3c03',
  226.         'PROGRAMDATA': 'C:\\ProgramData',
  227.         'PROGRAMFILES': 'C:\\Program Files',
  228.         'PROGRAMFILES(X86)': 'C:\\Program Files (x86)',
  229.         'PROGRAMW6432': 'C:\\Program Files',
  230.         'PSMODULEPATH': 'C:\\Windows\\system32\\WindowsPowerShell\\v1.0\\Modules\\',
  231.         'PUBLIC': 'C:\\Users\\Public', 'PYCHARM_HOSTED': '', 'PYTHONIOENCODING': 'UTF-8',
  232.         'PYTHONPATH': 'C:\\Users\\Administrator\\PycharmProjects\\s9\\restdemo', 'PYTHONUNBUFFERED': '',
  233.         'SESSIONNAME': 'Console', 'SYSTEMDRIVE': 'C:', 'SYSTEMROOT': 'C:\\Windows',
  234.         'TEMP': 'C:\\Users\\ADMINI~1\\AppData\\Local\\Temp', 'TMP': 'C:\\Users\\ADMINI~1\\AppData\\Local\\Temp',
  235.         'USERDOMAIN': 'PC201712041709',
  236.         'USERNAME': 'Administrator',
  237.         'USERPROFILE': 'C:\\Users\\Administrator',
  238.         'WINDIR': 'C:\\Windows', 'WINDOWS_TRACING_FLAGS': '',
  239.         'WINDOWS_TRACING_LOGFILE': 'C:\\BVTBin\\Tests\\installpackage\\csilogfile.log',
  240.         'RUN_MAIN': 'true', 'SERVER_NAME': 'PC201712041709',
  241.         'GATEWAY_INTERFACE': 'CGI/1.1', 'SERVER_PORT': '',
  242.         'REMOTE_HOST': '',
  243.         'CONTENT_LENGTH': '',
  244.         'SCRIPT_NAME': '',
  245.         'SERVER_PROTOCOL': 'HTTP/1.1',
  246.         'SERVER_SOFTWARE': 'WSGIServer/0.2',
  247.         'REQUEST_METHOD': 'GET',
  248.         'PATH_INFO': '/authors/',
  249.         'QUERY_STRING': 'token=8204b8e3ac40bf59ae480d17c146b51a',
  250.         'REMOTE_ADDR': '127.0.0.1',
  251.         'CONTENT_TYPE': 'text/plain',
  252.         'HTTP_HOST': '127.0.0.1:8000',
  253.         'HTTP_CONNECTION': 'keep-alive',
  254.         'HTTP_USER_AGENT': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/63.0.3239.132 Safari/537.36',
  255.         'HTTP_UPGRADE_INSECURE_REQUESTS': '',
  256.         'HTTP_ACCEPT': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8',
  257.         'HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING': 'gzip, deflate, br', 'HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.9', 'HTTP_COOKIE': 'csrftoken=jtus3l4GJEc9TFXWYCWxkBIZprcOv7C1vFMIyOHs7Zkxt015FwVZ2KEEeDV6LOyN', 'wsgi.input': <_io.BufferedReader name=832>, 'wsgi.errors': <_io.TextIOWrapper name='<stderr>' mode='w' encoding='UTF-8'>, 'wsgi.version': (1, 0), 'wsgi.run_once': False, 'wsgi.url_scheme': 'http', 'wsgi.multithread': True, 'wsgi.multiprocess': False, 'wsgi.file_wrapper': <class 'wsgiref.util.FileWrapper'>}
  258.  
  259. 7 解析器-----数据解析器
  260.     from rest_framework.parsers import JSONParser,FormParser,MultiPartParser,FileUploadParser
  261.     parser_classes = [JSONParser,FormParser]
  262.  
  263. 8 路由控制
  264.     针对：
  265.          url(r'^authors/$', views.AuthorModelView.as_view({"get":"list","post":"create"}),name="author"),
  266.          url(r'^authors/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.AuthorModelView.as_view({"get":"retrieve","put":"update","delete":"destroy"}),name="detailauthor"),
  267.  
  268.          class AuthorModelView(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
  269.  
  270.                 queryset = Author.objects.all()
  271.                 serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializers
  272.  
  273.          url(r'^books/$', views.BookModelView.as_view({"get":"list","post":"create"}),name="author"),
  274.          url(r'^books/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.BookModelView.as_view({"get":"retrieve","put":"update","delete":"destroy"}),name="detailbook"),
  275.  
  276.          class AuthorModelView(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
  277.  
  278.                 queryset = Author.objects.all()
  279.                 serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializers
  280.  
  281. 9 分页
  282.  
  283. 10 响应器  Response

总结 - 笔记

  1. REST_FRAMEWORK = {
  2.     # 'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES': ['app01.utils.TokenAuth'],
  3.     # 'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': ['app01.utils.SVIPPermission'],
  4.     # 'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES': ['app01.utils.VisitThrottle'],
  5.     # "DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES": {
  6.     #     "visit_rate": "1/m",
  7.     # }
  8.     # "PAGE_SIZE":2
  9. }

settings.py

  1. from django.conf.urls import url,include
  2. from django.contrib import admin
  3.  
  4. from app01 import views
  5.  
  6. from rest_framework import routers
  7. routers = routers.DefaultRouter()
  8. routers.register("authors",views.AuthorModelView)
  9.  
  10. urlpatterns = [
  11.     url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
  12.     url(r'^publishes/$', views.PublishView.as_view(), name="publish"),
  13.     url(r'^publishes/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.PublishDetailView.as_view(), name="detail_publish"),
  14.     url(r"^books/$", views.BookView.as_view(), name="books"),
  15.     url(r'^books/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.BookDetailView.as_view(), name="detail_book"),
  16.  
  17.     # url(r'^authors/$',views.AuthorView.as_view(),name="author"),
  18.     # url(r'^authors/(?P<pk>\d+)',views.AuthorDetailView.as_view(),name="detail_author"),
  19.  
  20.     # url(r'^authors/$', views.AuthorModelView.as_view({"get": "list", "post": "create"}), name="author"),
  21.     # url(r'^authors/(?P<pk>\d+)',
  22.     #     views.AuthorModelView.as_view({"get": "retrieve", "put": "update", "delete": "destroy"}), name="detail_author"),
  23.  
  24.     url(r'',include(routers.urls)),
  25.  
  26.     url(r'^login/$', views.LoginView.as_view(), name="login")
  27.  
  28. ]

urls.py

  1. from .models import *
  2. from rest_framework import exceptions
  3. from rest_framework.authentication import BaseAuthentication
  4.  
  5. class TokenAuth(BaseAuthentication):
  6.     def authenticate(self,request):
  7.         token = request.GET.get("token")
  8.         token_obj = Token.objects.filter(token=token).first()
  9.         if not token_obj:
  10.             raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed("验证失败")
  11.  
  12.         return (token_obj.user.name, token_obj)
  13.  
  14. class SVIPPermission(object):
  15.     message = "只有超级用户才能访问"
  16.     def has_permission(self,request,view):
  17.         username = request.user
  18.         user_type = User.objects.filter(name=username).first().user_type
  19.         if user_type == 3:
  20.             return True
  21.         else:
  22.             return False
  23.  
  24. # from rest_framework.throttling import BaseThrottle
  25. #
  26. # VISIT_RECORD={}
  27. # class VisitThrottle(BaseThrottle):
  28. #
  29. #     def __init__(self):
  30. #         self.history=None
  31. #
  32. #     def allow_request(self,request,view):
  33. #         remote_addr = request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR')
  34. #         print(remote_addr)
  35. #         import time
  36. #         ctime=time.time()
  37. #
  38. #         if remote_addr not in VISIT_RECORD:
  39. #             VISIT_RECORD[remote_addr]=[ctime,]
  40. #             return True
  41. #
  42. #         history=VISIT_RECORD.get(remote_addr)
  43. #         self.history=history
  44. #
  45. #         while history and history[-1]<ctime-60:
  46. #             history.pop()
  47. #
  48. #         if len(history)<3:
  49. #             history.insert(0,ctime)
  50. #             return True
  51. #         else:
  52. #             return False
  53. #
  54. #     def wait(self):
  55. #         import time
  56. #         ctime=time.time()
  57. #         return 60-(ctime-self.history[-1])
  58.  
  59. from rest_framework.throttling import SimpleRateThrottle
  60. class VisitThrottle(SimpleRateThrottle):
  61.  
  62.     scope="visit_rate"
  63.     def get_cache_key(self, request, view):
  64.  
  65.         return self.get_ident(request)

utils.py

  1. from django.shortcuts import render, HttpResponse
  2.  
  3. from django.views import View
  4. from .models import *
  5. import json
  6. from rest_framework import serializers
  7. from rest_framework.views import APIView
  8. from rest_framework.response import Response
  9.  
  10. # 为queryset，model 对象 做序列化得
  11. # class PublishSerializers(serializers.Serializer):
  12. #     name = serializers.CharField()
  13. #     email = serializers.CharField()
  14.  
  15. class PublishModelSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
  16.     class Meta:
  17.         model = Publish
  18.         fields = "__all__"
  19.  
  20. class BookModelSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
  21.     class Meta:
  22.         model = Book
  23.         fields = "__all__"
  24.  
  25.     # 显示超链接
  26.     publish = serializers.HyperlinkedIdentityField(
  27.         view_name='detailpublish', # 别名 含正则表达式
  28.         lookup_field= 'publish_id',
  29.         lookup_url_kwarg='pk'
  30.  
  31.     )
  32.  
  33.     # publish = serializers.CharField(source="publish.pk")
  34.     # publish = serializers.CharField()
  35.     # authors = serializers.CharField(source="authors.all")
  36.     # authors = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
  37.     # def get_authors(self,obj):
  38.     #     temp = []
  39.     #     for obj in obj.authors.all():
  40.     #         temp.append(obj.name)
  41.     #     return temp
  42.  
  43.     # def create(self, validated_data):
  44.     #     print('--->',validated_data)
  45.     #     book = Book.objects.create(title=validated_data["title"],price=validated_data['price'],
  46.     #                         pub_date=validated_data['pub_date'],publish_id=validated_data['publish']['pk'])
  47.     #     book.authors.add(*validated_data['authors'])
  48.     #
  49.     #     return book
  50.  
  51. class AuthorModelSerializers(serializers.ModelSerializer):
  52.     class Meta:
  53.         model = Author
  54.         fields = "__all__"

serializer.py

  1. from django.db import models
  2.  
  3. # Create your models here.
  4.  
  5. class User(models.Model):
  6.     name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
  7.     pwd = models.CharField(max_length=32)
  8.  
  9.     type_choices = ((1,"普通用户"),(2,"VIP"),(3,"SVIP"))
  10.     user_type = models.IntegerField(choices=type_choices,default=1)
  11.  
  12. class Token(models.Model):
  13.     user = models.OneToOneField("User")
  14.     token = models.CharField(max_length=128)
  15.  
  16.     def __str__(self):
  17.         return self.token
  18.  
  19. class Book(models.Model):
  20.     title = models.CharField(max_length=32)
  21.     price = models.IntegerField()
  22.     pub_date = models.DateField()
  23.     publish = models.ForeignKey("Publish")
  24.     authors = models.ManyToManyField("Author")
  25.  
  26.     def __str__(self):
  27.         return self.title
  28.  
  29. class Publish(models.Model):
  30.     name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
  31.     email = models.EmailField()
  32.  
  33.     def __str__(self):
  34.         return self.name
  35.  
  36. class Author(models.Model):
  37.     name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
  38.     age = models.IntegerField()
  39.  
  40.     def __str__(self):
  41.         return self.name

models.py

  1. from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
  2.  
  3. # Create your views here.
  4.  
  5. from django.views import View
  6. from .models import *
  7. import json
  8. from rest_framework import serializers
  9. from rest_framework.views import APIView
  10. from rest_framework.response import Response
  11.  
  12. from app01.serializer import *
  13.  
  14. class PublishView(APIView):
  15.     def get(self, request):
  16.         publish_list = Publish.objects.all()
  17.         ret = PublishModelSerializers(publish_list, many=True)
  18.         return Response(ret.data)
  19.  
  20.     def post(self, request):
  21.         ps = PublishModelSerializers(data=request.data)
  22.         if ps.is_valid():
  23.             ps.save()
  24.             return Response(ps.data)
  25.         else:
  26.             return Response(ps.errors)
  27.  
  28. class PublishDetailView(APIView):
  29.     def get(self, request, pk):
  30.         publish = Publish.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
  31.         ps = PublishModelSerializers(publish)
  32.         return Response(ps.data)
  33.  
  34.     def put(self, request, pk):
  35.         publish = Publish.objects.filter(pk=pk).first()
  36.         ps = PublishModelSerializers(publish, data=request.data)
  37.         if ps.is_valid():
  38.             ps.save()
  39.             return Response(ps.data)
  40.         else:
  41.             return Response(ps.errors)
  42.  
  43.     def delete(self, request, pk):
  44.         Publish.objects.filter(pk=pk).delete()
  45.         return Response()
  46.  
  47. from rest_framework.parsers import JSONParser,FormParser,MultiPartParser,FileUploadParser
  48. """
  49. 默认得是 JSONParser FormParser  MultiPartParser
  50. """
  51. # Book
  52. from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination,LimitOffsetPagination
  53. class MyPageNumberPagination(PageNumberPagination):
  54.     page_size = 1
  55.     page_query_param = "page"
  56.     page_size_query_param = "size"
  57.     max_page_size = 2  # 限制 size 得大小 不能超过多少！！
  58. # # http://127.0.0.1:8000/books/?page=2&size=2
  59.  
  60. class MyLimitOffsetPagination(LimitOffsetPagination):
  61.     default_limit = 1
  62.     # limit_query_param =
  63. # http://127.0.0.1:8000/books/?limit=2&offset=2
  64.  
  65. # 偏移
  66.  
  67. class BookView(APIView):
  68.     # authentication_classes = [TokenAuth]
  69.  
  70.     parser_classes = [JSONParser,FormParser]
  71.  
  72.     def get(self,request):
  73.  
  74.         print("user:--->", request.user)
  75.         print(request.auth)
  76.  
  77.         book_list = Book.objects.all()
  78.  
  79.         # 分页 page_size 配置 setting 全局得 单独怎么设置？  写个类
  80.         # from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination
  81.  
  82.         # pnp = PageNumberPagination()
  83.         # pnp = MyPageNumberPagination()
  84.         pnp = MyLimitOffsetPagination()
  85.  
  86.         books_page = pnp.paginate_queryset(book_list,request,self)
  87.  
  88.         # bs = BookModelSerializers(book_list,many=True,context={'request': request})
  89.         bs = BookModelSerializers(books_page,many=True,context={'request': request})
  90.  
  91.         # return HttpResponse(bs.data)
  92.         return Response(bs.data)
  93.  
  94.     def post(self,request):
  95.  
  96.         print('data:--->', request.data,type(request.data))
  97.  
  98.         # post 请求的数据
  99.         bs = BookModelSerializers(data=request.data,context={'request': request})
  100.         if bs.is_valid():
  101.             bs.save()  # create 方法
  102.             print(bs.validated_data)
  103.             return Response(bs.data)
  104.         else:
  105.             return Response(bs.errors)
  106.  
  107. class BookDetailView(APIView):
  108.     def get(self,request,id):
  109.         book = Book.objects.filter(pk=id).first()
  110.         # 序列化
  111.         bs = BookModelSerializers(book)
  112.         return Response(bs.data)
  113.  
  114.     def put(self,request,id):
  115.  
  116.         book = Book.objects.filter(pk=id).first()
  117.         bs = BookModelSerializers(book,data=request.data)
  118.         if bs.is_valid():
  119.             bs.save()
  120.             return Response(bs.data)
  121.         else:
  122.             return Response(bs.errors)
  123.  
  124.     def delete(self,request,id):
  125.         Book.objects.filter(pk=id).delete()
  126.         return Response()
  127.  
  128. # Author
  129. # 逻辑复用
  130. # 三种方法
  131.  
  132. #########################   mixin类编写视图  ##############################
  133.  
  134. # from rest_framework import mixins, generics
  135. #
  136. # class AuthorView(mixins.ListModelMixin,mixins.CreateModelMixin,generics.GenericAPIView):
  137. #     queryset = Author.objects.all()
  138. #     serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializers
  139. #
  140. #     def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
  141. #         return self.list(request,*args,**kwargs)
  142. #
  143. #     def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
  144. #         return self.create(self, request, *args, **kwargs)
  145. #
  146. #
  147. # class AuthorDetailView(mixins.RetrieveModelMixin,mixins.DestroyModelMixin,mixins.UpdateModelMixin,generics.GenericAPIView):
  148. #     queryset = Author.objects.all()
  149. #     serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializers
  150. #
  151. #     def get(self,request,pk,*args,**kwargs):
  152. #         return self.retrieve(request,pk,*args,**kwargs)
  153. #
  154. #     def delete(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
  155. #         return self.destroy(request,*args,**kwargs)
  156. #
  157. #     def put(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
  158. #         return self.update(request,*args,**kwargs)
  159.  
  160. #########################   使用得通用得基于类得视图  ##############################
  161.  
  162. # from rest_framework import mixins, generics
  163. #
  164. # class AuthorView(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
  165. #     queryset = Author.objects.all()
  166. #     serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializers
  167. #
  168. #
  169. # class AuthorDetailView(generics.RetrieveUpdateDestroyAPIView):
  170. #     queryset = Author.objects.all()
  171. #     serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializers
  172.  
  173. #########################   viewsets.ModelViewSet  ##############################
  174. # url 需要是一趟线 走一个视图类
  175. # url 中 利用参数 来指定 什么方式 用什么方法 执行
  176. from .utils import TokenAuth,SVIPPermission
  177. from rest_framework import viewsets
  178.  
  179. class VisitRateThrottle(object):
  180.     def allow_request(self,request,view):
  181.         # 要求访问站点得频率不能超过每分钟20次
  182.         if 1:
  183.             # 每次来 存下来 比对一下，间隔多久 超过一分钟
  184.             # IP, 请求首行(request.method request.path)
  185.             #  请求头（request.meta） 请求体(request.body)
  186.             print("meta:----->",request.META)
  187.             print(request.META.get("REMOTE_ADDR"))  # 客户端得ip 这里面 你要保存什么  ip 时间 记录下来；
  188.                                                       # 频率 限制 实现 功能！！！
  189.  
  190.             return True
  191.         else:
  192.             return False
  193.  
  194. from rest_framework.response import Response
  195.  
  196. class AuthorModelView(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
  197.  
  198.     # authentication_classes = [TokenAuth,]
  199.     # permission_classes = [SVIPPermission,]  取配全局八
  200.     # throttle_classes = [VisitRateThrottle]
  201.  
  202.     queryset = Author.objects.all()
  203.     serializer_class = AuthorModelSerializers
  204.  
  205.     pagination_class = MyPageNumberPagination
  206.  
  207. # 完美!  ok
  208.  
  209. # 类得继承 ， 表示形式 需求 展示 数据 ，覆盖方法 单独写 类得继承 可重写 覆盖
  210. #
  211. #     def list(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
  212. #         pass
  213.  
  214. # ------------------------------------------------------
  215.  
  216. def get_random_str(user):
  217.     import hashlib,time
  218.     ctime=str(time.time())
  219.  
  220.     md5=hashlib.md5(bytes(user,encoding="utf8"))
  221.     md5.update(bytes(ctime,encoding="utf8"))
  222.  
  223.     return md5.hexdigest()
  224.  
  225. class LoginView(APIView):
  226.     authentication_classes = []
  227.     def post(self,request):
  228.         name = request.data.get("name")
  229.         pwd = request.data.get("pwd")
  230.         user = User.objects.filter(name=name,pwd=pwd).first()
  231.         res = {"state_code":1000,"msg":None}
  232.         if user:
  233.             random_str = get_random_str(user.name)
  234.             token = Token.objects.update_or_create(user=user,defaults={"token":random_str})
  235.             res['token'] = random_str
  236.         else:
  237.             res["status_code"] = 1001 # 错误状态码
  238.             res['msg'] = "用户名或密码错误"
  239.  
  240.         import json
  241.         return Response(json.dumps(res,ensure_ascii=False))

views.py

八、渲染器、版本

配置：

1.添加配置

  1. REST_FRAMEWORK = {
  2.     'DEFAULT_RENDERER_CLASSES':['rest_framework.renderers.JSONRenderer','rest_framework.renderers.BrowsableAPIRenderer'],
  3.     'DEFAULT_VERSIONING_CLASS': 'rest_framework.versioning.URLPathVersioning',
  4.     'ALLOWED_VERSIONS': ['v1', 'v2'],  # 允许的版本
  5.     'VERSION_PARAM': 'version',  # 参数
  6.     'DEFAULT_VERSION': 'v1',  # 默认版本
  7. }

2.设置路由：

luffycity/urls.py

  1. from django.conf.urls import url,include
  2. from django.contrib import admin
  3.  
  4. urlpatterns = [
  5.     # url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
  6.     url(r'^api/(?P<version>\w+)/', include('api.urls')),
  7. ]

api/urls.py

  1. from django.conf.urls import url
  2. from api.views import course
  3.  
  4. urlpatterns = [
  5.     url(r'^course/$', course.CourseView.as_view()),
  6. ]

3.获取版本

  1. request.version 获取版本

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