Zabbix Server参数文件详解
Zabbix的配置文件一般有三种:
- zabbix_server.conf:zabbix server的配置文件
- zabbix_proxy.conf:zabbix proxy的配置文件
- zabbix_agentd.conf:zabbix agentd的配置文件
Zabbix安装完成后,服务端默认的配置文件存在安装文件夹中的etc目录中,假设编译的参数是“--prefix=/usr/local/zabbix”,那么服务端的配置文件则保存在“/usr/loca/zabbix/etc/”目录下。zabbix_server.conf参数除了保证服务正常运行外,还会影响服务器的性能。如果参数设定不合理可能会导致zabbix添加主机不正常、代理端数据无法正常收集或是zabbix服务器性能严重下降,经常报告CPU占用过高或是IO占用过高等问题。本文说明了zabbix server的配置文件中的通用参数和大部分高级参数的具体用法,内容如下:
- ############ GENERAL PARAMETERS #################
- ### Option: ListenPort
- # Listen port for trapper.
- //该参数用于指定服务端的监听端口,用于监听Proxy或Agent的连接请求。
- #
- # Mandatory: no
- # Range: 1024-32767
- # Default:
- # ListenPort=10051
- ### Option: SourceIP
- # Source IP address for outgoing connections.
- //该参数用于指定服务端的IP地址。
- #
- # Mandatory: no
- # Default:
- # SourceIP=
- ### Option: LogType
- # Specifies where log messages are written to://zabbix的日志类型
- # system - syslog //写入到系统日志
- # file - file specified with LogFile parameter //写入到指定文件
- # console - standard output //写入到标准输出
- #
- # Mandatory: no
- # Default:
- # LogType=file
- ### Option: LogFile
- # Log file name for LogType 'file' parameter.
- //日志文件的存储路径
- #
- # Mandatory: no
- # Default:
- # LogFile=
- LogFile=/tmp/zabbix_server.log
- ### Option: LogFileSize
- # Maximum size of log file in MB.
- # 0 - disable automatic log rotation.
- //指定日志文件的大小,单位MB。0表示禁用日志轮转
- #
- # Mandatory: no
- # Range: 0-1024
- # Default:
- # LogFileSize=1
- ### Option: DebugLevel
- # Specifies debug level: //指定debug级别
- # 0 - basic information about starting and stopping of Zabbix processes //关于进程启动和停止的基本信息
- # 1 - critical information //关键信息
- # 2 - error information //错误信息
- # 3 - warnings //警告
- # 4 - for debugging (produces lots of information) //调试信息
- # 5 - extended debugging (produces even more information)
- #
- # Mandatory: no
- # Range: 0-5
- # Default:
- # DebugLevel=3
- ### Option: PidFile
- # Name of PID file.
- //pid文件名
- #
- # Mandatory: no
- # Default:
- # PidFile=/tmp/zabbix_server.pid
- ### Option: DBHost
- # Database host name.
- # If set to localhost, socket is used for MySQL.
- # If set to empty string, socket is used for PostgreSQL.
- //数据库主机名,如果设置为localhost,mysql必须用socket来连接,否则用ip来连接。若该参数为空,默认连接PostgreSQL
- #
- # Mandatory: no
- # Default:
- # DBHost=localhost
- ### Option: DBName
- # Database name.
- # For SQLite3 path to database file must be provided. DBUser and DBPassword are ignored.
- //数据库名。对SQLite3来说,必须提供数据文件的路径,DBUser和DBPassword参数可忽略
- #
- # Mandatory: yes
- # Default:
- # DBName=
- ### Option: DBSchema
- # Schema name. Used for IBM DB2 and PostgreSQL.
- //模式名。用于DB2或PostgreSQL数据库
- #
- # Mandatory: no
- # Default:
- # DBSchema=
- ### Option: DBUser
- # Database user. Ignored for SQLite.
- //连接数据库的用户名,SQLite忽略该参数
- #
- # Mandatory: no
- # Default:
- # DBUser=
- ### Option: DBPassword
- # Database password. Ignored for SQLite.
- # Comment this line if no password is used.
- //连接数据库的密码,SQLite忽略该参数
- #
- # Mandatory: no
- # Default:
- # DBPassword=
- ### Option: DBSocket
- # Path to MySQL socket.
- //socket文件的路径
- #
- # Mandatory: no
- # Default:
- # DBSocket=/tmp/mysql.sock
- ### Option: DBPort
- # Database port when not using local socket. Ignored for SQLite.
- //数据库监听端口,SQLite忽略该参数
- #
- # Mandatory: no
- # Range: 1024-65535
- # Default (for MySQL):
- # DBPort=3306
- ############ ADVANCED PARAMETERS ################
- ### Option: StartPollers
- # Number of pre-forked instances of pollers.
- //系统初始化时,预分配子进程数量。数量越多,则服务端吞吐能力越强,对系统资源消耗越大。
- #
- # Mandatory: no
- # Range: 0-1000
- # Default:
- # StartPollers=5
- ### Option: StartIPMIPollers
- # Number of pre-forked instances of IPMI pollers.
- //系统初始化时,预分配的使用ipmi协议获取主机硬件状态的进程数量。
- #
- # Mandatory: no
- # Range: 0-1000
- # Default:
- # StartIPMIPollers=0
- ### Option: StartPollersUnreachable
- # Number of pre-forked instances of pollers for unreachable hosts (including IPMI and Java).
- # At least one poller for unreachable hosts must be running if regular, IPMI or Java pollers
- # are started.
- //系统初始化时,预分配用于探测某些不可达主机的(含IPMI、JAVA)的进程数量;若使用场景中含有代理端,建议保持默认;若Agent较多,可视具体情况调整。
- #
- # Mandatory: no
- # Range: 0-1000
- # Default:
- # StartPollersUnreachable=1
- ### Option: StartTrappers
- # Number of pre-forked instances of trappers.
- # Trappers accept incoming connections from Zabbix sender, active agents and active proxies.
- # At least one trapper process must be running to display server availability and view queue
- # in the frontend.
- //系统初始化时,预分配的用于接收zabbix sender提交来数据的进程。
- #
- # Mandatory: no
- # Range: 0-1000
- # Default:
- # StartTrappers=5
- ### Option: StartPingers
- # Number of pre-forked instances of ICMP pingers.
- //系统初始化时,预分配的icmp ping进程的数量。若单台代理所管理机器超过500台,建议加大此数值
- #
- # Mandatory: no
- # Range: 0-1000
- # Default:
- # StartPingers=1
- ### Option: StartDiscoverers
- # Number of pre-forked instances of discoverers.
- //系统初始化时,预分配的自动发现主机的线程数量。若单台代理所管理机器超过500台,可以考虑加大此数值(仅适用于AGENT场景)
- #
- # Mandatory: no
- # Range: 0-250
- # Default:
- # StartDiscoverers=1
- ### Option: StartHTTPPollers
- # Number of pre-forked instances of HTTP pollers.
- //系统预分配的用于设置WEB监控进程数,可视具体情况增加或减少此数值。
- #
- # Mandatory: no
- # Range: 0-1000
- # Default:
- # StartHTTPPollers=1
- ### Option: StartTimers
- # Number of pre-forked instances of timers.
- # Timers process time-based trigger functions and maintenance periods.
- # Only the first timer process handles the maintenance periods.
- //各实例计时器数量
- #
- # Mandatory: no
- # Range: 1-1000
- # Default:
- # StartTimers=1
- ### Option: StartEscalators
- # Number of pre-forked instances of escalators.
- #
- # Mandatory: no
- # Range: 0-100
- # Default:
- # StartEscalators=1
- ### Option: StartVMwareCollectors
- # Number of pre-forked vmware collector instances.
- //用于监控VMWARE Esxi主机实例的进程数量,为0则不启用,若要监控ESXI主机,此值最少为1 ;视监控ESXI数量设置对应数值
- #
- # Mandatory: no
- # Range: 0-250
- # Default:
- # StartVMwareCollectors=0
- ### Option: VMwareFrequency
- # How often Zabbix will connect to VMware service to obtain a new data.
- //Zabbix连接WMware service获取新数据的频率
- #
- # Mandatory: no
- # Range: 10-86400
- # Default:
- # VMwareFrequency=60
- ### Option: VMwarePerfFrequency
- # How often Zabbix will connect to VMware service to obtain performance data.
- #
- # Mandatory: no
- # Range: 10-86400
- # Default:
- # VMwarePerfFrequency=60
- ### Option: VMwareCacheSize
- # Size of VMware cache, in bytes.
- # Shared memory size for storing VMware data.
- # Only used if VMware collectors are started.
- //用于缓存VMware数据的共享内存
- #
- # Mandatory: no
- # Range: 256K-2G
- # Default:
- # VMwareCacheSize=8M
- ### Option: VMwareTimeout
- # Specifies how many seconds vmware collector waits for response from VMware service.
- #
- # Mandatory: no
- # Range: 1-300
- # Default:
- # VMwareTimeout=10
- ### Option: SNMPTrapperFile
- # Temporary file used for passing data from SNMP trap daemon to the server.
- # Must be the same as in zabbix_trap_receiver.pl or SNMPTT configuration file.
- #
- # Mandatory: no
- # Default:
- # SNMPTrapperFile=/tmp/zabbix_traps.tmp
- ### Option: StartSNMPTrapper
- # If 1, SNMP trapper process is started.
- //是否启用snmptrapper功能 ,默认不启用=0,启用=1
- #
- # Mandatory: no
- # Range: 0-1
- # Default:
- # StartSNMPTrapper=0
- ### Option: ListenIP
- # List of comma delimited IP addresses that the trapper should listen on.
- # Trapper will listen on all network interfaces if this parameter is missing.
- #
- # Mandatory: no
- # Default:
- # ListenIP=0.0.0.0
- # ListenIP=127.0.0.1
- ### Option: HousekeepingFrequency
- # How often Zabbix will perform housekeeping procedure (in hours).
- # Housekeeping is removing outdated information from the database.
- # To prevent Housekeeper from being overloaded, no more than 4 times HousekeepingFrequency
- # hours of outdated information are deleted in one housekeeping cycle, for each item.
- # To lower load on server startup housekeeping is postponed for 30 minutes after server start.
- # With HousekeepingFrequency=0 the housekeeper can be only executed using the runtime control option.
- # In this case the period of outdated information deleted in one housekeeping cycle is 4 times the
- # period since the last housekeeping cycle, but not less than 4 hours and not greater than 4 days.
- //多少小时清理一次数据库的 history, alert, and alarms数据
- #
- # Mandatory: no
- # Range: 0-24
- # Default:
- # HousekeepingFrequency=1
- ### Option: MaxHousekeeperDelete
- # The table "housekeeper" contains "tasks" for housekeeping procedure in the format:
- # [housekeeperid], [tablename], [field], [value].
- # No more than 'MaxHousekeeperDelete' rows (corresponding to [tablename], [field], [value])
- # will be deleted per one task in one housekeeping cycle.
- # SQLite3 does not use this parameter, deletes all corresponding rows without a limit.
- # If set to 0 then no limit is used at all. In this case you must know what you are doing!
- //housekeeping一次删除的数据不能大于MaxHousekeeperDelete
- #
- # Mandatory: no
- # Range: 0-1000000
- # Default:
- # MaxHousekeeperDelete=5000
- ### Option: SenderFrequency
- # How often Zabbix will try to send unsent alerts (in seconds).
- //指定间隔多少秒后,再尝试发送为发送的报警
- #
- # Mandatory: no
- # Range: 5-3600
- # Default:
- # SenderFrequency=30
- ### Option: CacheSize
- # Size of configuration cache, in bytes.
- # Shared memory size for storing host, item and trigger data.
- //分配多少共享内存用于存储配置信息,HOST,ITEM,TRIGGER数据,视监控主机数量和监控项调整,建议调整到32M或者更大,2.2.3版本之前最大支持2G,目前最大支持8G,一般用不了多少。
- #
- # Mandatory: no
- # Range: 128K-8G
- # Default:
- # CacheSize=8M
- ### Option: CacheUpdateFrequency
- # How often Zabbix will perform update of configuration cache, in seconds.
- //更新系统CACHE频率,若管理页面操作不频繁,可以考虑加大参数值
- #
- # Mandatory: no
- # Range: 1-3600
- # Default:
- # CacheUpdateFrequency=60
- ### Option: StartDBSyncers
- # Number of pre-forked instances of DB Syncers.
- //将采集数据从CACHE同步到数据库线程数量,视数据库服务器I/O繁忙情况,和数据库写能力调整。数值越大,写能力越强。对数据库服务器I/O压力越大。
- #
- # Mandatory: no
- # Range: 1-100
- # Default:
- # StartDBSyncers=4
- ### Option: HistoryCacheSize
- # Size of history cache, in bytes.
- # Shared memory size for storing history data.
- //设置划分多少共享内存用于存储采集的历史数据,此数值越大,数据库读压力越小
- #
- # Mandatory: no
- # Range: 128K-2G
- # Default:
- # HistoryCacheSize=16M
- ### Option: HistoryIndexCacheSize
- # Size of history index cache, in bytes.
- # Shared memory size for indexing history cache.
- //历史数据索引缓存
- #
- # Mandatory: no
- # Range: 128K-2G
- # Default:
- # HistoryIndexCacheSize=4M
- ### Option: TrendCacheSize
- # Size of trend cache, in bytes.
- # Shared memory size for storing trends data.
- //用于设置划分多少共享内存用于存储计算出来的趋势数据,此参数值从一定程度上可影响数据库读压力
- #
- # Mandatory: no
- # Range: 128K-2G
- # Default:
- # TrendCacheSize=4M
- ### Option: ValueCacheSize
- # Size of history value cache, in bytes.
- # Shared memory size for caching item history data requests.
- # Setting to 0 disables value cache.
- //0表示禁用,history value缓存大小,当缓存超标了,将会每隔5分钟往server日志里面记录。
- #
- # Mandatory: no
- # Range: 0,128K-64G
- # Default:
- # ValueCacheSize=8M
- ### Option: Timeout
- # Specifies how long we wait for agent, SNMP device or external check (in seconds).
//与AGNET、SNMP设备和其它外部设备通信超时设置,单位为秒;若采集数据不完整或网络繁忙,或从管理页面发现客户端状态变化频繁,可以考虑加大此数值。注意若此数值加大,应该考虑参数StartPollers 是否有相应加大的必要。- #
- # Mandatory: no
- # Range: 1-30
- # Default:
- # Timeout=3
- ### Option: TrapperTimeout
- # Specifies how many seconds trapper may spend processing new data.
- //启用trapper功能,用于进程等待超时设置。
- #
- # Mandatory: no
- # Range: 1-300
- # Default:
- # TrapperTimeout=300
- ### Option: UnreachablePeriod
- # After how many seconds of unreachability treat a host as unavailable.
- //当Agent端处于不可用状态下,间隔多少秒后,尝试重新连接。建议根据具体情况设置。注意,若此数值过小,若Agent端业务系统繁忙时,有可能造成报警误报
- #
- # Mandatory: no
- # Range: 1-3600
- # Default:
- # UnreachablePeriod=45
- ### Option: UnavailableDelay
- # How often host is checked for availability during the unavailability period, in seconds.
//当Agent端处于不可用状态下,间隔多少秒后,进行状态检查。若出现可正常采集数据,但管理页面AGENT状态不正常、或在网络,端口等均通畅情况下,AGENT状态仍不正常,可以考虑加大此数值- #
- # Mandatory: no
- # Range: 1-3600
- # Default:
- # UnavailableDelay=60
- ### Option: UnreachableDelay
- # How often host is checked for availability during the unreachability period, in seconds.
- //当Agent端处于不可达状态下,延迟多少秒后,进行重新尝试,建议保持默认,在AGENT接入调试阶段,可考虑减少此数值
- #
- # Mandatory: no
- # Range: 1-3600
- # Default:
- # UnreachableDelay=15
- ### Option: AlertScriptsPath
- # Full path to location of custom alert scripts.
- # Default depends on compilation options.
- //自定义告警脚本存放全路径
- #
- # Mandatory: no
- # Default:
- # AlertScriptsPath=${datadir}/zabbix/alertscripts
- ### Option: LogSlowQueries
- # How long a database query may take before being logged (in milliseconds).
- # Only works if DebugLevel set to 3, 4 or 5.
- # 0 - don't log slow queries.
- //用于服务端数据库慢查询功能,单位是毫秒。若有服务端数据库监控慢查询的需求,可以视具体情况调整此数。
- #
- # Mandatory: no
- # Range: 1-3600000
- # Default:
- # LogSlowQueries=0
- ### Option: TmpDir
- # Temporary directory.
- //指定临时目录路径
- #
- # Mandatory: no
- # Default:
- # TmpDir=/tmp
- ### Option: StartProxyPollers
- # Number of pre-forked instances of pollers for passive proxies.
- //启用多少子进程与代理端通信,若代理端较多可考虑加大此数值
- #
- # Mandatory: no
- # Range: 0-250
- # Default:
- # StartProxyPollers=1
- ### Option: ProxyConfigFrequency
- # How often Zabbix Server sends configuration data to a Zabbix Proxy in seconds.
- # This parameter is used only for proxies in the passive mode.
- //Zabbix服务端将配置文件数据同步到代理端的频率,仅适用于代理端为被动模式情况
- #
- # Mandatory: no
- # Range: 1-3600*24*7
- # Default:
- # ProxyConfigFrequency=3600
- ### Option: ProxyDataFrequency
- # How often Zabbix Server requests history data from a Zabbix Proxy in seconds.
- # This parameter is used only for proxies in the passive mode.
- //Zabbix服务端请求代理端采集的数据的频率,仅适用代理端为被动模式情况
- #
- # Mandatory: no
- # Range: 1-3600
- # Default:
- # ProxyDataFrequency=1
- ### Option: AllowRoot
- # Allow the server to run as 'root'. If disabled and the server is started by 'root', the server
- # will try to switch to the user specified by the User configuration option instead.
- # Has no effect if started under a regular user.
- # 0 - do not allow
- # 1 - allow
- //是否允许以root身份运行服务端
- #
- # Mandatory: no
- # Default:
- # AllowRoot=0
- ### Option: User
- # Drop privileges to a specific, existing user on the system.
- # Only has effect if run as 'root' and AllowRoot is disabled.
- //启动zabbix server的用户,在配置禁止root启动,并且当前shell用户是root得情况下有效。如果当前用户是abc,那么zabbix server的运行用户是abc
- #
- # Mandatory: no
- # Default:
- # User=zabbix
- ### Option: Include
- # You may include individual files or all files in a directory in the configuration file.
- # Installing Zabbix will create include directory in /usr/local/etc, unless modified during the compile time.
- //某些情况下,软件的参数配置文件很长,为了方便管理,将配置文件切割成N个配置文件,但为了主配置参数文件的简洁,便会启用INCLUDE参数,以方便程序读取指定目录下的所有配置文件
- #
- # Mandatory: no
- # Default:
- # Include=
- # Include=/usr/local/etc/zabbix_server.general.conf
- # Include=/usr/local/etc/zabbix_server.conf.d/
- # Include=/usr/local/etc/zabbix_server.conf.d/*.conf
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