selenium爬虫使用

1. 网页的打开

from selenium import webdriver
import time
 
driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=r"C:\Users\qq302\Desktop\chromedriver.exe")
 
# 1.打开浏览器
driver.get('https://www.baidu.com/')

2.网页浏览器的关闭

from selenium import webdriver
import time
 
driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=r"C:\Users\qq302\Desktop\chromedriver.exe")
driver.get('https://www.baidu.com/')
time.sleep(5)
driver.close() # 关闭当前网页
driver.quit() # 关闭整个浏览器

3. 关于内容元素分析

from selenium import webdriver
import time
 
driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=r"C:\Users\qq302\Desktop\chromedriver.exe")
driver.get('https://www.baidu.com/')
# 使用id进行查找
inputTag = driver.find_element_by_id('kw')
# 使用class_name 进行查找
inputTag = driver.find_element_by_class_name('s_ipt')
# 使用xpath 进行查找
inputTag = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//input[@id='kw']")
# 使用css解析器进行查找
inputTag = driver.find_element_by_css_selector('.s_ipt')
# 我们也可以使用By进行元素的查找
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
 
inputTag = driver.find_element(By.ID, 'kw')
inputTag.send_keys('python')
 
# 如果需要进行文本分析的话
from lxml import etree
 
html = etree.HTML(driver.page_source)
print(html.xpath(''))

4. 操作表单元素

from selenium import webdriver
import time
 
# 第一种：send_keys() 发送文本
driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=r"C:\Users\qq302\Desktop\chromedriver.exe")
driver.get('https://www.baidu.com/')
inputTag = driver.find_element_by_id('kw')
inputTag.send_keys('python') # 向kw发送python
time.sleep(5)
inputTag.clear() # 进行输入的清除
 
# 第二种：进行点击操作
driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=r"C:\Users\qq302\Desktop\chromedriver.exe")
driver.get('https://www.baidu.com/')
inputTag = driver.find_element_by_id('kw')
inputTag.send_keys('python') # 向kw发送python
time.sleep(5)
inputTag.click() # 进行输入的清除
 
# 第三种进行下拉框的操作
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import Select
driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=r"C:\Users\qq302\Desktop\chromedriver.exe")
driver.get('https://www.baidu.com/')
SelectBn = Select(driver.find_element_by_class_name('pf'))
SelectBn.select_by_index(1)
SelectBn.deselect_all()

5.行为链模仿鼠标进行移动，点击，双击操作

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
import time
 
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import Select
driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=r"C:\Users\qq302\Desktop\chromedriver.exe")
driver.get('https://www.baidu.com/')
 
inputTag = driver.find_element_by_id('kw')
submitBn = driver.find_element_by_id('su')
 
actions = ActionChains(driver)
actions.move_to_element(inputTag) # 将鼠标进行移动
 
inputTag.send_keys('python') # 发送python文本
actions.click(submitBn) # 对百度一下进行点击
actions.perform() # 进行action操作
 
# click_and_hold(element) 右键点击且不松手
# context_click(element) # 右键点击
# double_click(element) # 进行双击操作

6. 对cookie进行操作，包括获取当前cookie，删除cookie

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
import time
 
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import Select
driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=r"C:\Users\qq302\Desktop\chromedriver.exe")
driver.get('https://www.baidu.com/')
 
for cookie in driver.get_cookies(): # 获得所有的cookie信息
    print(cookie)
 
driver.delete_cookie('BD_HOME') # 删除cookie
print(driver.get_cookie('BD_HOME')) # 获得当前的cookie值
driver.delete_all_cookies() # 删除所有的cookie值

7. 隐式等待和显示等待

# 隐式等待
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
import time
 
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import Select
driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=r"C:\Users\qq302\Desktop\chromedriver.exe")
driver.get('https://www.baidu.com/')
# 隐式等待
driver.implicitly_wait(10) # 最长等待10秒
driver.find_element_by_id('kw').send_keys('python')
driver.find_element_by_id('su').click()
 
# 显示等待, 如果在10秒内没有出现就爬出异常
# 显示等待
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
 
driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=r"C:\Users\qq302\Desktop\chromedriver.exe")
driver.get('https://www.baidu.com/')
try:
    WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(
        EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, 'kw'))
    )
finally:
    print('end')

8. 进行窗口的切换driver.switch_to.window(driver.window_handles[1])

from selenium import webdriver
 
driver_path = r'C:\Users\qq302\Desktop\chromedriver.exe'
driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=driver_path)
driver.get('https://www.baidu.com/')
 
driver.execute_script("window.open('https://www.douban.com/')") # 打开豆瓣的网址
driver.execute_script('window.scrollTo(0, 1000000)')# 进行窗口的刷新移动
print(driver.window_handles) # 打印文件句柄
driver.switch_to.window(driver.window_handles[1])  # 切换driver的窗口
print(driver.current_url)

9.使用免费的代理ip打开网页

# 9 设置代理Ip
from selenium import webdriver
 
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.add_argument('--proxy-server=http://61.189.242.243:55484')  # 61.189.242.243表示ip, 55484表示端口号
 
driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=r'C:\Users\qq302\Desktop\chromedriver.exe', options=options)
 
driver.get(r'http://httpbin.org/ip') # 使用代理ip打开网页

10.webdriverElement补充操作

# 10. WebElement元素补充操作
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.remote.webelement import WebElement
 
driver_path = r'C:\Users\qq302\Desktop\chromedriver.exe'
driver = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=driver_path)
driver.get('https://www.baidu.com/')
 
submitBn = driver.find_element_by_id('su')
print(submitBn.get_attribute('value')) # 获得当前的value属性
driver.save_screenshot('baidu.png') # 进行截图保存