爬取招聘网的招聘信息：

import json

import random

import time

import pymongo

import re

import pandas as pd

import requests

from lxml import etree

import datetime

# 设置cookie中可变的值

now = datetime.datetime.now()

timeStamp = int(now.timestamp()*)

geshi = "%Y%m%d%H%M%S"

time1 = datetime.datetime.strftime(now,geshi)

# 设置mongodb

client = pymongo.MongoClient('localhost')

# 设置数据库名

db = client['lagou']

# 指定集合名

data_name = 'lagouData'

detail = 'detailData'

# 常量

CITY = '广州'

# 查询的岗位名称

POSITON_NAME = '数据挖掘'

# 想要爬取的总页面数

PAGE_SUN =

# 每页返回的职位数量

PAGE_SIZE = 

# 匹配span[position()>]：表示p标签下从第三个span开始匹配所以

# //dd[@class='job_request']/p/span[position()>3]

# index_url = 'https://m.lagou.com/search.json?city={}&positionName={}&pageNo={}&pageSize=15'

# index页地址url

index_url = 'https://m.lagou.com/search.json?city={}&positionName={}&pageNo={}&pageSize={}'

# 详情页地址url

detail_url = 'https://m.lagou.com/jobs/{}.html'

# 浏览代理用户

user_agents = [

    "Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone 84; CPU iPhone OS 10_3_3 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/603.3.8 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/10.0 MQQBrowser/7.8.0 Mobile/14G60 Safari/8536.25 MttCustomUA/2 QBWebViewType/1 WKType/1",

    "Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 7.0; STF-AL10 Build/HUAWEISTF-AL10; wv) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Chrome/53.0.2785.49 Mobile MQQBrowser/6.2 TBS/043508 Safari/537.36 V1_AND_SQ_7.2.0_730_YYB_D QQ/7.2.0.3270 NetType/4G WebP/0.3.0 Pixel/1080",

    "Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone; CPU iPhone OS 10_3_3 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/603.3.8 (KHTML, like Gecko) Mobile/14G60 MicroMessenger/6.5.18 NetType/WIFI Language/en",

    "Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 5.1.1; vivo Xplay5A Build/LMY47V; wv) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Chrome/48.0.2564.116 Mobile Safari/537.36 T7/9.3 baiduboxapp/9.3.0.10 (Baidu; P1 5.1.1)",

    "Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 7.0; zh-cn; STF-AL00 Build/HUAWEISTF-AL00) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko)Version/4.0 Chrome/37.0.0.0 MQQBrowser/7.9 Mobile Safari/537.36",

    "Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 6.0; LEX626 Build/HEXCNFN5902606111S) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Chrome/35.0.1916.138 Mobile Safari/537.36 T7/7.4 baiduboxapp/8.3.1 (Baidu; P1 6.0)",

    "Mozilla/5.0 (iPhone 92; CPU iPhone OS 10_3_2 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/603.2.4 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/10.0 MQQBrowser/7.7.2 Mobile/14F89 Safari/8536.25 MttCustomUA/2 QBWebViewType/1 WKType/1",

    "Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; U; Android 7.0; zh-CN; ZUK Z2121 Build/NRD90M) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/4.0 Chrome/40.0.2214.89 UCBrowser/11.6.8.952 Mobile Safari/537.36"]

# index页面

def index_fn():

    user_agent=random.choice(user_agents)

    headers = {

        "Accept": "application/json",

        "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate, br",

        "Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9",

        "Connection": "keep-alive",

        "Host": "m.lagou.com",

        #

        "Cookie": "_ga=GA1.2.841469794.1541152606; user_trace_token=20181102175657-a2701865-de85-11e8-8368-525400f775ce; LGUID=20181102175657-a2701fbd-de85-11e8-8368-525400f775ce; index_location_city=%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E; _gid=GA1.2.311675459.1542615716; _ga=GA1.3.841469794.1541152606; Hm_lvt_4233e74dff0ae5bd0a3d81c6ccf756e6=1542634073,1542634080,1542634122,1542634128; JSESSIONID=ABAAABAAAGCABCC1B87E5C12282CECED77A736D4CD7FA8A; X_HTTP_TOKEN=aae2d9e96d6a68f72d98ab409a933460; sensorsdata2015jssdkcross=%7B%22distinct_id%22%3A%221672c5c65c01c7-0e8e56366a6cce-3a3a5c0e-2073600-1672c5c65c3bf%22%2C%22%24device_id%22%3A%221672c5c65c01c7-0e8e56366a6cce-3a3a5c0e-2073600-1672c5c65c3bf%22%7D; sajssdk_2015_cross_new_user=1; _gat=1; LGSID=20181119231628-167f7db1-ec0e-11e8-a76a-525400f775ce; PRE_UTM=; PRE_HOST=; PRE_SITE=https%3A%2F%2Fm.lagou.com%2Fsearch.html; PRE_LAND=https%3A%2F%2Fm.lagou.com%2Fjobs%2F5219979.html; Hm_lpvt_4233e74dff0ae5bd0a3d81c6ccf756e6={timeStamp}; LGRID={time}-1c458fde-ec0e-11e8-895f-5254005c3644".format(

            timeStamp=timeStamp, time=time1),

        "Referer": "https://m.lagou.com/search.html",

        "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/70.0.3538.102 Safari/537.36",

        "X-Requested-With": "XMLHttpRequest",

    }

    for i in range(PAGE_SIZE):

        proxies = {'HTTP': '171.37.164.78:8123'}

        response = requests.get(index_url.format(CITY, POSITON_NAME, i, PAGE_SIZE), headers=headers,proxies=proxies).content.decode()

        content = json.loads(response)

        # print('content', content)

        if content:

            try:

                result = content['content']['data']['page']['result']

                for item in result:

                    # print(type(item),item)

                    # print(item['positionId'])

                    data = {

                        'positionId': item['positionId'],

                        'positionName': item['positionName'],

                        'city': item['city'],

                        'createTime':item['createTime'],

                        'companyId': item['companyId'],

                        'companyLogo': item['companyLogo'],

                        'companyName': item['companyName'],

                        'companyFullName': item['companyFullName'],

                    }

                    time.sleep(0.5)

                    # db['lagouData'].insert(data)

                    yield data

            except Exception as e:

                print('爬取index页出错', e)

        else:

            time.sleep()

            print('重新加载')

            # except Exception as e:

            #     print('爬取index页出错', e)

# 详情页：

def detail_d(positionId):

    # 随机获取代理对象

    user_agent = random.choice(user_agents)

    headers = {

        "Accept": "application/json",

        "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate, br",

        "Accept-Language": "zh-CN,zh;q=0.9",

        "Connection": "keep-alive",

        "Host": "m.lagou.com",

        #

        "Cookie": "_ga=GA1.2.841469794.1541152606; user_trace_token=20181102175657-a2701865-de85-11e8-8368-525400f775ce; LGUID=20181102175657-a2701fbd-de85-11e8-8368-525400f775ce; index_location_city=%E5%B9%BF%E5%B7%9E; _gid=GA1.2.311675459.1542615716; _ga=GA1.3.841469794.1541152606; Hm_lvt_4233e74dff0ae5bd0a3d81c6ccf756e6=1542634073,1542634080,1542634122,1542634128; JSESSIONID=ABAAABAAAGCABCC1B87E5C12282CECED77A736D4CD7FA8A; X_HTTP_TOKEN=aae2d9e96d6a68f72d98ab409a933460; sensorsdata2015jssdkcross=%7B%22distinct_id%22%3A%221672c5c65c01c7-0e8e56366a6cce-3a3a5c0e-2073600-1672c5c65c3bf%22%2C%22%24device_id%22%3A%221672c5c65c01c7-0e8e56366a6cce-3a3a5c0e-2073600-1672c5c65c3bf%22%7D; sajssdk_2015_cross_new_user=1; _gat=1; LGSID=20181119231628-167f7db1-ec0e-11e8-a76a-525400f775ce; PRE_UTM=; PRE_HOST=; PRE_SITE=https%3A%2F%2Fm.lagou.com%2Fsearch.html; PRE_LAND=https%3A%2F%2Fm.lagou.com%2Fjobs%2F5219979.html; Hm_lpvt_4233e74dff0ae5bd0a3d81c6ccf756e6={timeStamp}; LGRID={time}-1c458fde-ec0e-11e8-895f-5254005c3644".format(

            timeStamp=timeStamp, time=time1),

        "Referer": "https://m.lagou.com/search.html",

        "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/70.0.3538.102 Safari/537.36",

        "X-Requested-With": "XMLHttpRequest",

    }

    response = requests.get(detail_url.format(positionId), headers=headers).content.decode()

    xml = etree.HTML(response)

    title = xml.xpath('''//div[@class='postitle']/h2/text()''')

    job_details = xml.xpath('''//div[@class='detail']/div[1]//span/span/text()''')

    job_detail = str(job_details).replace(r'\n', '').replace(' ', '')

    work_detial = xml.xpath('''//div[@class='content']//p/text()''')

    company_img = xml.xpath('''//div[@class='content']//p/text()''')

    company_infors = xml.xpath(

        '''//div[@class='company activeable']/div/div/h2/text()|//div[@class='dleft']/p/text()''')

    company_infor = str(company_infors).strip().replace(r'\n', '').replace(' ', '')

    detail_datas = {

        'title': title,

        'job_detail': job_detail,

        'work_detial': work_detial,

        'company_img': company_img,

        'company_infor': company_infor

    }

    return detail_datas

# 保存到mongodb

def save_to_mongodb(data, detail_datas, positionId):

    # if db[data_name].update({'positionId': positionId}, {'$set': data}, True):

    #     print('update to Mongo', data['positionId'])

    db['lagouData'].insert(data)

    db['detailDta'].insert(detail_datas)

    print('成功存入mongodb')

# 保存为csv文件

def save_to_csv():

    item_list = []

    for item in index_fn():

        item_list.append(item)

        print('', item)

    # print('详情列', item_list)

    # item_list是一个列表，里面装很多字典类似{'positionId': , 'positionName': '数据挖掘工程师', 'city': '广州',...

    datas = pd.DataFrame(item_list, columns=["positionId", "positionName", "city", "createTime", "salary", "companyId",

                                             "companyLogo", "companyName", "companyFullName"])

    datas.to_csv('./static/lagou.csv')

    print('保存为csv文件成功')

def run():

    # 保存为csv文件

    # proxies=get_ip()

    # for i in proxies:

    data = index_fn()

    save_to_csv()

    for item in data:

        print('data', item)

        positionId = item['positionId']

        print(positionId)

        # 调用详情页函数

        detail_datas = detail_d(positionId)

        # 保存详情页和主页的数据到mongodb

        save_to_mongodb(data, detail_datas, positionId)

if __name__ == '__main__':

    run()

预防反爬虫措施：

1.用户代理变换设置

2.不同ip代理的设置

3.设置用户cookie变化的信息

列举一下获取网络免费ip代理，并验证其是否可用的代码：

import requests

import re

import telnetlib

from lxml import etree

import time

def get_ip():

    headers = {

        "User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/70.0.3538.110 Safari/537.36",

    }

    url = "http://www.xicidaili.com/nn/"

    res = requests.get(url,headers=headers)

    content = res.content.decode()

    # 调用lxml中的etree库便于用xpath获取html中的文本

    xml = etree.HTML(content)

    # 以下为xpath语法

    # //tr[@class='odd']//td[2]//text()  ip

    # //tr[@class='odd']//td[3]//text() port 端口

    # //tr[@class='odd']//td[6]//text()  type 类型

    ip_list = xml.xpath("//tr[@class='odd']//td[2]//text()")

    port_list = xml.xpath("//tr[@class='odd']//td[3]//text()")

    type_list = xml.xpath("//tr[@class='odd']//td[6]//text()")

    if len(ip_list) != :

        for ip,port,type in zip(ip_list,port_list,type_list):

            proxies = {

                type:"{}:{}".format(ip,port)

            }

            try:

                telnetlib.Telnet(ip, port=port, timeout=)

            except Exception:

                print("不能使用该{}".format(proxies))

            else:

                print('可以使用该{}'.format(proxies))

                yield proxies

        get_ip()

    else:

        time.sleep()

        get_ip()

    # content= res.content.decode()

    # print(content)

# if __name__ == '__main__':

#     ip = get_ip()

    # print(ip)

    # for i in ip:

    #     pass

        # yield i

        # print('getip,getip',i)

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