Kubernetes 集群ca验证

创建集群时跳过ca验证

# vim /etc/kubernetes/apiserver

去除KUBE_ADMISSION_CONTROL中的 SecurityContextDeny,ServiceAccount 

#重启服务
systemctl restart kube-apiserver.service

创建集群时安装ca验证

在一个安全的内网环境中，kubernetes的各个组件需要与master之间可以通过apiserver的非安全端口进行连接，但如果对外，安全的做法需要启用https安全机制，这里采用CA签名的双向数字证书认证方式：

(1)为kube-apiserver生成一个数字证书，并用CA证书进行签名。
(2)为kube-apiserver进程配置证书相关的启动参数，包括CA证书（用于验证客户端证书的签名真伪、自己经过CA签名后的证书及私钥）。
(3)为每个访问Kubernetes API Server的客户端进程生成自己的数字证书，也都用CA证书进行签名，在相关程序的启动参数中增加CA证书、自己的证书等相关参数。

master端配置

使用OpenSSL工具在Master服务器上创建CA证书和私钥相关的文件

#openssl genrsa -out ca.key 2048
#openssl req -x509 -new -nodes -key ca.key -subj "/CN=192.168.132.148" -days 5000 -out ca.crt　　　　#masterip，这里/CN的值通常为域名
#openssl genrsa -out server.key 2048

#生成文件 ca.crt cat.key server.key

创建master_ssl.cnf文件，生成x509 v3版本证书

[req]
req_extensions = v3_req
distinguished_name = req_distinguished_name
[req_distinguished_name]
[ v3_req ]
basicConstraints = CA:FALSE
keyUsage = nonRepudiation, digitalSignature, keyEncipherment
subjectAltName = @alt_names
[alt_names]
DNS.1 = kubernetes
DNS.2 = kubernetes.default
DNS.3 = kubernetes.default.svc
DNS.4 = kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local
DNS.5 = k8s_master　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　#master hostname
IP.1 = 10.254.0.1　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 #master clusterip 可通过kubectl get service获取
IP.2 = 192.168.132.148　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　#master ip

基于Master_ssl.cnf生成server.csr和server.crt文件，生成时 -subj 参数中的“/CN”指定的名字应为master所在主机的主机名

openssl req -new -key server.key -subj "/CN=k8s_master" -config Master_ssl.cnf -out server.csr　　　　#/CN为master 主机名
openssl x509 -req -in server.csr -CA ca.crt -CAkey ca.key -CAcreateserial -days 5000 -extensions v3_req -extfile Master_ssl.cnf -out server.crt

#目前文件有如下，将他们复制到 /etc/kubernetes/ssl/下ca.crt ca.key ca.srl server.crt server.csr server.key

配置kube-apiserver的启动参数

[root@k8s_master kubernetes]# cat apiserver |grep -v '^#\|^$'
KUBE_API_ADDRESS="--advertise-address=192.168.132.148 --bind-address=192.168.132.148 --insecure-bind-address=192.168.132.148"
KUBELET_PORT="--kubelet-port=10250"
KUBE_ETCD_SERVERS="--etcd-servers=http://192.168.132.148:2379,http://192.168.132.136:2379,http://192.168.132.149:2379"
KUBE_SERVICE_ADDRESSES="--service-cluster-ip-range=10.254.0.0/16"
KUBE_ADMISSION_CONTROL="--admission-control=NamespaceLifecycle,NamespaceExists,LimitRanger,SecurityContextDeny,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota"
KUBE_API_ARGS="--insecure-port=0 --secure-port=443 --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.crt --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/server.key --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/server.crt"
#解释说明kube_api_args中红色字体可不写（根据需求配置端口等，以及下面的配置），其作用为关闭非安全端口 8080，同时设置安全端口443，默认为6443
--client-ca-file 　　　　#CA根证书文件
--tls-cert-file 　　　　　　#服务端证书文件
--tls-private-key-file 　　#服务端私钥文件
--secure-port=6443 　　　　　　#安全端口
--bind-address=192.168.1323.148 　　　　　　#HTTPS（安全）绑定的MasterIp地址
--advertise-address=192.168.132.148 　　　　#对外提供服务的IP
--insecure-bind-address=192.168.132.148 　　#非安全IP

配置kube-controller-manager的启动参数

[root@k8s_master kubernetes]# cat controller-manager |grep -v '^#\|^$'
KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_ARGS="--master=https://192.168.132.148:6443 --address=127.0.0.1 --service-account-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/server.key --root-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.crt --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubeconfig"
KUBELET_ADDRESSES="--machines= 192.168.132.136,192.168.132.149" 

#注：红色字体部分可不写

配置kube-scheduler的启动参数

[root@k8s_master kubernetes]# cat scheduler |grep -v '^#\|^$'
KUBE_SCHEDULER_ARGS="--master=https://192.168.132.148:6443 --address=127.0.0.1 --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubeconfig"

#注：红色字体部分可不写

配置/etc/kubernetes/config

[root@k8s_master kubernetes]# cat config |grep -v '^#\|^$'
KUBE_LOGTOSTDERR="--logtostderr=true"
KUBE_LOG_LEVEL="--v=0"
KUBE_ALLOW_PRIV="--allow-privileged=true"
KUBE_MASTER="--master=https://192.168.132.148:6443"

生成集群管理员证书（kube-controller-manager的客户端证书、私钥和启动参数）

#cd /etc/kubernetes/ssl/

openssl genrsa -out cs_client.key 2048

openssl req -new -key cs_client.key -subj "/CN=k8s_master" -out cs_client.csr

openssl x509 -req -in cs_client.csr -CA ca.crt -CAkey ca.key -CAcreateserial -out cs_client.crt -days 5000

注：

在生成cs_client.crt时 -CA参数和-CAkey参数使用的是apiserver的ca.crt和ca.key文件（然后将这些文件复制到一个目录中/etc/kubernetes/ssl/）

创建/etc/kubernetes/kubeconfig

apiVersion: v1
kind: Config
users:
- name: controllermanager
  user:
    client-certificate: /etc/kubernetes/ssl/cs_client.crt
    client-key: /etc/kubernetes/ssl/cs_client.key
clusters:
- name: local
  cluster:
    certificate-authority: /etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.crt
contexts:
- context:
    cluster: local
    user: controllermanager
  name: my-context
current-context: my-context

重启kube-controller-manager、kube-scheduler、kube-apiserver服务

systemctl restart kube-scheduler kube-controller-manager

Node端配置

复制master主机下kube-apiserver的ca.crt和ca.key到各个Node 主机/etc/kubernetes/ssl下

生成kubelet_client.crt

在生成kubelet_client.crt时，-CA参数和-CAkey参数使用的是apiserver的ca.crt和ca.key文件。在生成kubelet_client.csr时，-subj参数中的“/CN”设置为本Node的IP地址。

openssl genrsa -out kubelet_client.key 2048
openssl req -new -key kubelet_client.key -subj "/CN=192.168.132.136" -out kubelet_client.csropenssl x509 -req -in kubelet_client.csr -CA ca.crt -CAkey ca.key -CAcreateserial -out kubelet_client.crt -days 5000

创建/etc/kubernetes/kubeconfig

apiVersion: v1
kind: Config
users:
- name: kubelet
  user:
    client-certificate: /etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubelet_client.crt
    client-key: /etc/kubernetes/ssl/kubelet_client.key
clusters:
- name: local
  cluster:
    certificate-authority: /etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.crt
contexts:
- context:
    cluster: local
    user: kubelet
  name: my-context
current-context: my-context

修改kubernetes的配置文件/etc/kubernetes/config

[root@k8s_node1 kubernetes]# cat /etc/kubernetes/config|grep -v '^#\|^$'
KUBE_LOGTOSTDERR="--logtostderr=true"
KUBE_LOG_LEVEL="--v=0"
KUBE_ALLOW_PRIV="--allow-privileged=false"
KUBE_MASTER="--master=https://192.168.132.148:6443"

修改/etc/kubernetes/kubelet

[root@k8s_node1 kubernetes]# cat /etc/kubernetes/kubelet|grep -v '^#\|^$'
KUBELET_ADDRESS="--address=192.168.132.136"
KUBELET_HOSTNAME="--hostname-override=192.168.132.136"
KUBELET_API_SERVER="--api-servers=https://192.168.132.148:6443"
KUBELET_POD_INFRA_CONTAINER="--pod-infra-container-image=registry.access.redhat.com/rhel7/pod-infrastructure:latest"
KUBELET_ARGS="--api-servers=https://192.168.132.148:6443 --cluster_dns=10.254.10.2  --cluster_domain=cluster.local --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubeconfig"

注：红色字体部分可不写，根据实际情况配置

设置kube-proxy服务的启动参数

[root@k8s_node1 kubernetes]# cat /etc/kubernetes/proxy|grep -v '^#\|^$'
KUBE_PROXY_ARGS="--master=https://192.168.132.148:6443 --kubeconfig=/etc/kubernetes/kubeconfig"

重启kube-proxy、kubelet服务

systemctl restart  kubelet
systemctl restart  kube-proxy

验证

删除master下etcd中的旧数据

#master执行
etcdctl rm --recursive registry

重启master上的服务

#systemctl daemon-reload
#systemctl restart etcd kube-apiserver kube-scheduler kube-controller-manager

重启node上的服务

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker kubelet kube-proxy

验证

[root@k8s_master kubernetes]# curl https://192.168.132.148:6443/api/v1/nodes --cert /etc/kubernetes/ssl/cs_client.crt --key /etc/kubernetes/ssl/cs_client.key --cacert /etc/kubernetes/ssl/ca.crt
{
  "kind": "NodeList",
  "apiVersion": "v1",
  "metadata": {
    "selfLink": "/api/v1/nodes",
    "
  },
  "items": [
    {
      "metadata": {
        "name": "192.168.132.136",
        "selfLink": "/api/v1/nodes/192.168.132.136",
        "uid": "f740f219-2b4a-11e8-bc10-000c29c38a0c",
        ",
        "creationTimestamp": "2018-03-19T07:56:01Z",
        "labels": {
          "beta.kubernetes.io/arch": "amd64",
          "beta.kubernetes.io/os": "linux",
          "kubernetes.io/hostname": "192.168.132.136"
        },
        "annotations": {
          "volumes.kubernetes.io/controller-managed-attach-detach": "true"
        }
      },
      "spec": {
        "externalID": "192.168.132.136"
      },
      "status": {
        "capacity": {
          ",
          ",
          "memory": "999920Ki",
          "
        },
        "allocatable": {
          ",
          ",
          "memory": "999920Ki",
          "
        },
        "conditions": [
          {
            "type": "OutOfDisk",
            "status": "False",
            "lastHeartbeatTime": "2018-03-19T09:10:42Z",
            "lastTransitionTime": "2018-03-19T07:56:01Z",
            "reason": "KubeletHasSufficientDisk",
            "message": "kubelet has sufficient disk space available"
          },
          {
            "type": "MemoryPressure",
            "status": "False",
            "lastHeartbeatTime": "2018-03-19T09:10:42Z",
            "lastTransitionTime": "2018-03-19T07:56:01Z",
            "reason": "KubeletHasSufficientMemory",
            "message": "kubelet has sufficient memory available"
          },
          {
            "type": "DiskPressure",
            "status": "False",
            "lastHeartbeatTime": "2018-03-19T09:10:42Z",
            "lastTransitionTime": "2018-03-19T07:56:01Z",
            "reason": "KubeletHasNoDiskPressure",
            "message": "kubelet has no disk pressure"
          },
          {
            "type": "Ready",
            "status": "True",
            "lastHeartbeatTime": "2018-03-19T09:10:42Z",
            "lastTransitionTime": "2018-03-19T07:56:01Z",
            "reason": "KubeletReady",
            "message": "kubelet is posting ready status"
          }
        ],
        "addresses": [
          {
            "type": "LegacyHostIP",
            "address": "192.168.132.136"
          },
          {
            "type": "InternalIP",
            "address": "192.168.132.136"
          },
          {
            "type": "Hostname",
            "address": "192.168.132.136"
          }
        ],
        "daemonEndpoints": {
          "kubeletEndpoint": {
            "Port": 10250
          }
        },
        "nodeInfo": {
          "machineID": "b3c5e7f95f9b4da99bcf0744f38f5eee",
          "systemUUID": "87164D56-73D6-32A7-28F1-66EE23C27F10",
          "bootID": "29849630-efce-4aa4-b690-ff45726b17a2",
          "kernelVersion": "3.10.0-514.26.2.el7.x86_64",
          "osImage": "CentOS Linux 7 (Core)",
          "containerRuntimeVersion": "docker://1.12.6",
          "kubeletVersion": "v1.5.2",
          "kubeProxyVersion": "v1.5.2",
          "operatingSystem": "linux",
          "architecture": "amd64"
        },
        "images": [
          {
            "names": [
              "index.tenxcloud.com/yexianwolail/gb-frontend@sha256:0be2894d43915ba057e5f892d7e0dac75dfa3765874dbc99ccd78ad26e6213de",
              "index.tenxcloud.com/yexianwolail/gb-frontend:v4"
            ],
            "sizeBytes": 512107183
          },
          {
            "names": [
              "index.tenxcloud.com/google_containers/redis@sha256:f066bcf26497fbc55b9bf0769cb13a35c0afa2aa42e737cc46b7fb04b23a2f25",
              "index.tenxcloud.com/google_containers/redis:e2e"
            ],
            "sizeBytes": 418929769
          },
          {
            "names": [
              "finance/centos6.8-base@sha256:1cb78ded75775ad289cf43c67141b39676bf3571cb20cd6a80e105c6497ae0e4",
              "finance/centos6.8-base:latest"
            ],
            "sizeBytes": 332467242
          },
          {
            "names": [
              "registry.access.redhat.com/rhel7/pod-infrastructure@sha256:01f829e96ba98a7ef5481359de7ea684c2fe41f2d28963e6c87370334a5256c4",
              "registry.access.redhat.com/rhel7/pod-infrastructure:latest"
            ],
            "sizeBytes": 208587465
          },
          {
            "names": [
              "docker.io/bestwu/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64@sha256:d820c9a0a0a7cd7d0c9d3630a2db0fc33d190db31f3e0797d4df9dc4a6a41c6b",
              "docker.io/bestwu/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.6.3"
            ],
            "sizeBytes": 138972432
          },
          {
            "names": [
              "ubuntu@sha256:84c334414e2bfdcae99509a6add166bbb4fa4041dc3fa6af08046a66fed3005f",
              "ubuntu:latest"
            ],
            "sizeBytes": 119509665
          },
          {
            "names": [
              "daocloud.io/megvii/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64@sha256:6e0218eeb940f0fc9ca68972bda2b9569921fed1ef793ba78e30900cc7ab9396",
              "daocloud.io/megvii/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.8.0"
            ],
            "sizeBytes": 119155776
          },
          {
            "names": [
              "index.tenxcloud.com/yexianwolail/gb-redisslave@sha256:9f13d46b2e4cac290aa9757f83dff26e0fa06802f898abec43ca22076966440a",
              "index.tenxcloud.com/yexianwolail/gb-redisslave:v1"
            ],
            "sizeBytes": 109462535
          },
          {
            "names": [
              "docker.io/nginx@sha256:004ac1d5e791e705f12a17c80d7bb1e8f7f01aa7dca7deee6e65a03465392072",
              "docker.io/nginx:latest"
            ],
            "sizeBytes": 108275923
          },
          {
            "names": [
              "swarm@sha256:1a05498cfafa8ec767b0d87d11d3b4aeab54e9c99449fead2b3df82d2744d345",
              "swarm:latest"
            ],
            "sizeBytes": 15771951
          },
          {
            "names": [
              "index.tenxcloud.com/google_containers/busybox@sha256:4bdd623e848417d96127e16037743f0cd8b528c026e9175e22a84f639eca58ff",
              "index.tenxcloud.com/google_containers/busybox:1.24"
            ],
            "sizeBytes": 1113554
          }
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "metadata": {
        "name": "192.168.132.149",
        "selfLink": "/api/v1/nodes/192.168.132.149",
        "uid": "7321176a-2b49-11e8-bc10-000c29c38a0c",
        ",
        "creationTimestamp": "2018-03-19T07:45:09Z",
        "labels": {
          "beta.kubernetes.io/arch": "amd64",
          "beta.kubernetes.io/os": "linux",
          "kubernetes.io/hostname": "192.168.132.149"
        },
        "annotations": {
          "volumes.kubernetes.io/controller-managed-attach-detach": "true"
        }
      },
      "spec": {
        "externalID": "192.168.132.149"
      },
      "status": {
        "capacity": {
          ",
          ",
          "memory": "999920Ki",
          "
        },
        "allocatable": {
          ",
          ",
          "memory": "999920Ki",
          "
        },
        "conditions": [
          {
            "type": "OutOfDisk",
            "status": "False",
            "lastHeartbeatTime": "2018-03-19T09:10:44Z",
            "lastTransitionTime": "2018-03-19T07:45:09Z",
            "reason": "KubeletHasSufficientDisk",
            "message": "kubelet has sufficient disk space available"
          },
          {
            "type": "MemoryPressure",
            "status": "False",
            "lastHeartbeatTime": "2018-03-19T09:10:44Z",
            "lastTransitionTime": "2018-03-19T07:45:09Z",
            "reason": "KubeletHasSufficientMemory",
            "message": "kubelet has sufficient memory available"
          },
          {
            "type": "DiskPressure",
            "status": "False",
            "lastHeartbeatTime": "2018-03-19T09:10:44Z",
            "lastTransitionTime": "2018-03-19T07:45:09Z",
            "reason": "KubeletHasNoDiskPressure",
            "message": "kubelet has no disk pressure"
          },
          {
            "type": "Ready",
            "status": "True",
            "lastHeartbeatTime": "2018-03-19T09:10:44Z",
            "lastTransitionTime": "2018-03-19T07:45:19Z",
            "reason": "KubeletReady",
            "message": "kubelet is posting ready status"
          }
        ],
        "addresses": [
          {
            "type": "LegacyHostIP",
            "address": "192.168.132.149"
          },
          {
            "type": "InternalIP",
            "address": "192.168.132.149"
          },
          {
            "type": "Hostname",
            "address": "192.168.132.149"
          }
        ],
        "daemonEndpoints": {
          "kubeletEndpoint": {
            "Port": 10250
          }
        },
        "nodeInfo": {
          "machineID": "0e3f05a02b4046c2a29f626cd4af4e5f",
          "systemUUID": "0B514D56-1364-0109-7339-5D0772899205",
          "bootID": "320c4977-903b-4b46-a295-9cb601ae9e44",
          "kernelVersion": "3.10.0-514.26.2.el7.x86_64",
          "osImage": "CentOS Linux 7 (Core)",
          "containerRuntimeVersion": "docker://1.12.6",
          "kubeletVersion": "v1.5.2",
          "kubeProxyVersion": "v1.5.2",
          "operatingSystem": "linux",
          "architecture": "amd64"
        },
        "images": [
          {
            "names": [
              "index.tenxcloud.com/yexianwolail/gb-frontend@sha256:0be2894d43915ba057e5f892d7e0dac75dfa3765874dbc99ccd78ad26e6213de",
              "index.tenxcloud.com/yexianwolail/gb-frontend:v4"
            ],
            "sizeBytes": 512107183
          },
          {
            "names": [
              "finance/centos6.8-base@sha256:1cb78ded75775ad289cf43c67141b39676bf3571cb20cd6a80e105c6497ae0e4",
              "finance/centos6.8-base:latest"
            ],
            "sizeBytes": 332467242
          },
          {
            "names": [
              "registry.access.redhat.com/rhel7/pod-infrastructure@sha256:01f829e96ba98a7ef5481359de7ea684c2fe41f2d28963e6c87370334a5256c4",
              "registry.access.redhat.com/rhel7/pod-infrastructure:latest"
            ],
            "sizeBytes": 208587465
          },
          {
            "names": [
              "docker.io/bestwu/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64@sha256:d820c9a0a0a7cd7d0c9d3630a2db0fc33d190db31f3e0797d4df9dc4a6a41c6b",
              "docker.io/bestwu/kubernetes-dashboard-amd64:v1.6.3"
            ],
            "sizeBytes": 138972432
          },
          {
            "names": [
              "ubuntu@sha256:84c334414e2bfdcae99509a6add166bbb4fa4041dc3fa6af08046a66fed3005f",
              "ubuntu:latest"
            ],
            "sizeBytes": 119509665
          },
          {
            "names": [
              "index.tenxcloud.com/yexianwolail/gb-redisslave@sha256:9f13d46b2e4cac290aa9757f83dff26e0fa06802f898abec43ca22076966440a",
              "index.tenxcloud.com/yexianwolail/gb-redisslave:v1"
            ],
            "sizeBytes": 109462535
          },
          {
            "names": [
              "docker.io/nginx@sha256:004ac1d5e791e705f12a17c80d7bb1e8f7f01aa7dca7deee6e65a03465392072",
              "docker.io/nginx:latest"
            ],
            "sizeBytes": 108275923
          },
          {
            "names": [
              "index.tenxcloud.com/google_containers/skydns@sha256:a317df077c678e684790c22902ff4040393cc172abe245d4b478bac6dbdd8052",
              "index.tenxcloud.com/google_containers/skydns:2015-10-13-8c72f8c"
            ],
            "sizeBytes": 40547562
          },
          {
            "names": [
              "index.tenxcloud.com/google_containers/etcd-amd64@sha256:94573e18def7a39c277a3b088b4d5332c3f68492bb73ac66f7f93c12cdd1356c",
              "index.tenxcloud.com/google_containers/etcd-amd64:2.2.1"
            ],
            "sizeBytes": 28192476
          },
          {
            "names": [
              "index.tenxcloud.com/google_containers/kube2sky@sha256:edafbc690dd3c95ea321a83ace5dac4750095920f8a565cef37dd8438ee509c4",
              "index.tenxcloud.com/google_containers/kube2sky:1.14"
            ],
            "sizeBytes": 27804037
          },
          {
            "names": [
              "swarm@sha256:1a05498cfafa8ec767b0d87d11d3b4aeab54e9c99449fead2b3df82d2744d345",
              "swarm:latest"
            ],
            "sizeBytes": 15771951
          },
          {
            "names": [
              "index.tenxcloud.com/google_containers/exechealthz@sha256:512fad89cb2e76b24f12884bab4117a85733ebe033f18f8da34b617fbfa03708",
              "index.tenxcloud.com/google_containers/exechealthz:1.0"
            ],
            "sizeBytes": 7095869
          },
          {
            "names": [
              "index.tenxcloud.com/google_containers/busybox@sha256:4bdd623e848417d96127e16037743f0cd8b528c026e9175e22a84f639eca58ff",
              "index.tenxcloud.com/google_containers/busybox:1.24"
            ],
            "sizeBytes": 1113554
          }
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}

执行kubectl get nodes 报错：

报错信息如下：
The connection to the server localhost:8080 was refused - did you specify the right host or port?

用如下命令代替

kubectl -s 192.168.132.148:8080 get nodes

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