我的Maven POM配置

刚刚把项目从Ant转到Maven，费了好多劲，主要是对Maven边用边学。问题主要集中在项目结构上不太一样，在程序的访问上也有区别，调试和打包等也和原来不太一样。终于折腾完一个可以正常运行的POM配置，记录一下，将遇到的问题也注释在了配置中，便于查阅。

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.garfield.gserver</groupId>
    <artifactId>GServer</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
 
    <dependencies>
 
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.0-beta9</version>
        </dependency>
 
        <!--
        ERROR Root contains an invalid element or attribute "AppenderRef"
        This is an error for 2.0-beta8, it is not present on 2.0-beta9
         -->
 
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>
            <version>2.0-beta9</version>
        </dependency>
 
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
            <version>1.7.7</version>
        </dependency>
 
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j-jcl</artifactId>
            <version>2.0-rc1</version>
        </dependency>
 
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j-slf4j-impl</artifactId>
            <version>2.0-rc1</version>
        </dependency>
 
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
            <version>3.1</version>
        </dependency>
 
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
            <version>4.3.5.Final</version>
        </dependency>
 
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
            <version>4.0.3.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
 
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>4.0.3.RELEASE</version>
 
        </dependency>
 
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
            <version>4.0.3.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
 
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
            <version>4.0.3.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
 
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
            <version>4.0.3.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
 
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
            <version>4.0.3.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
 
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>4.0.3.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
 
        <!-- json-lib是需要区分jdk版本的，pom.xml中的配置应加上<classifier>标签，如用jdk15： -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>net.sf.json-lib</groupId>
            <artifactId>json-lib</artifactId>
            <version>2.4</version>
            <classifier>jdk15</classifier>
        </dependency>
 
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.11</version>
        </dependency>
 
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.microsoft.sqlserver</groupId>
            <artifactId>sqljdbc4</artifactId>
            <version>4.0</version>
        </dependency>
 
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.mchange</groupId>
            <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
            <version>0.9.5-pre8</version>
        </dependency>
 
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-codec</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-codec</artifactId>
            <version>1.9</version>
        </dependency>
 
        <!-- maven打包编译的异常 ：sun.misc.BASE64Decoder 是 Sun 的专用 API，可能会在未来版本中删除的解决方法 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.codehaus.plexus</groupId>
            <artifactId>plexus-compiler-javac</artifactId>
            <version>1.8.1</version>
        </dependency>
 
        <!-- maven工程 仓库没有的jar使用方法 <dependency> <groupId>cryptix</groupId> <artifactId>cryptix-jce-api</artifactId>
            <version>1.0</version> <scope>system</scope> <systemPath>${project.basedir}/src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/lib/cryptix-jce-api.jar</systemPath>
            </dependency> -->
 
        <!-- <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId> <artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>
            <version>2.0-rc1</version> </dependency> -->
 
    </dependencies>
 
    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    </properties>
 
    <build>
        <defaultGoal>compile</defaultGoal>
 
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.1</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.7</source>
                    <target>1.7</target>
                    <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>  <!-- “编码 GBK 的不可映射字符”问题的解决 -->
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
 
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <includes>
                        <!--不写匹配默认规则,TestSuit结尾，test开头的方法  -->
                        <include>**/*TestSuit.java</include>   <!-- 两个星号**用来匹配任意路径，一个星号*用来获取除路径风格符外的0个或多个字符 -->
                    </includes>
                    <excludes>
                        <exclude>**/CollectionBillTestCase.java</exclude>
                        <exclude>**/PaymentBillTestCase.java</exclude>
                    </excludes>
                    <skip>false</skip>  <!-- 略过单元测试 -->
                    <testFailureIgnore>true</testFailureIgnore> <!-- 当Maven 遇到一个测试失败，它默认的行为是停止当前的构建。 如果你希望继续构建项目，即使 Surefire 插件遇到了失败的单元测试，你就需要设置 Surefire 的testFailureIgnore 这个配置属性为 true -->
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
 
            <!-- 把依赖的jar包拷到lib目录下 -->
 
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <id>copy-dependencies</id>
                        <phase>package</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>copy-dependencies</goal>
                        </goals>
                        <configuration>
                            <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/lib</outputDirectory>
                            <overWriteReleases>false</overWriteReleases>
                            <overWriteSnapshots>false</overWriteSnapshots>
                            <overWriteIfNewer>true</overWriteIfNewer>
                        </configuration>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
 
            <!-- 把配置文件拷到和jar包同一个路径下 -->
            <!-- 以utf-8编码拷贝配置文件，拷贝过程中是可以做变量替换的，也就是说你的配置文件可以是个模板，里面的${}所包含的内容是可以拷贝过程中替换的 -->
            <!--
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.4</version>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <id>copy-resources</id>
                        <phase>package</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>copy-resources</goal>
                        </goals>
                        <configuration>
                            <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
                            <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}</outputDirectory>
                            <resources>
                                <resource>
                                    <directory>src/main/resources/</directory>
                                    <filtering>true</filtering>
                                </resource>
                            </resources>
                        </configuration>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
             -->
            <!-- 打jar包时需要把配置文件给排除在外 -->
            <!--
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.4</version>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <phase>package</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>jar</goal>
                        </goals>
                        <configuration>
                            <archive>
                                <manifest>
                                    <addClasspath>true</addClasspath>
                                    <classpathPrefix>lib/</classpathPrefix>
                                    <mainClass>com.garfield.gui.Main</mainClass>
                                </manifest>
                            </archive>
                            <classifier>lib</classifier>
                        </configuration>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
              -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.4</version>
                <configuration>
                    <archive>
                        <manifest>
                            <addClasspath>true</addClasspath>  <!-- 在jar包中增加依赖jar路径说明 -->
                            <classpathPrefix>lib/</classpathPrefix>
                            <mainClass>com.garfield.gui.Main</mainClass>
                        </manifest>
 
                        <!-- 用maven在MANIFEST.MF资料中的Class-Path中增加当前目录(.)  -->
                        <manifestEntries>
                           <Class-Path>.</Class-Path>
                        </manifestEntries>
 
                    </archive>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
 
            <!--
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.2</version>
                <configuration>
                  <descriptors>
                    <descriptor>/assembly.xml</descriptor>
                  </descriptors>
                </configuration>
                <executions>
                  <execution>
                    <id>make-assembly</id>
                    <phase>package</phase>
                    <goals>
                      <goal>single</goal>
                    </goals>
                  </execution>
                </executions>
              </plugin>
             -->
        </plugins>
 
        <!-- POM文件报错maven-dependency-plugin (goals "copy-dependencies", "unpack") is not supported by m2e.，
        在</build>标签前添加如下内容  -->
 
        <pluginManagement>
            <plugins>
                <plugin>
                    <groupId>org.eclipse.m2e</groupId>
                    <artifactId>lifecycle-mapping</artifactId>
                    <version>1.0.0</version>
                    <configuration>
                        <lifecycleMappingMetadata>
                            <pluginExecutions>
                                <pluginExecution>
                                    <pluginExecutionFilter>
                                        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                                        <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
                                        <versionRange>[2.0,)</versionRange>
                                        <goals>
                                            <goal>copy-dependencies</goal>
                                            <goal>unpack</goal>
                                        </goals>
                                    </pluginExecutionFilter>
                                    <action>
                                        <ignore />
                                    </action>
                                </pluginExecution>
                            </pluginExecutions>
                        </lifecycleMappingMetadata>
                    </configuration>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </pluginManagement>
 
        <resources>
            <!--打包进XML等文件，排除java及版本控制文件  -->
            <resource>
                 <directory>src/main/java</directory>
                <excludes>
                     <exclude>**/*.java</exclude>
                     <exclude>**/.svn/*</exclude>
                 </excludes>
             </resource>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.*</include>
                    <include>**/*.*</include>
                </includes>
            </resource>
        </resources>
    </build>
 
</project>

如果使用assembly编译，则用到下面的assembly.xml:

<assembly>
    <id>bin</id>
    <formats>
        <format>zip</format>
    </formats>
 
    <includeBaseDirectory>true</includeBaseDirectory>
 
    <dependencySets>
        <dependencySet>
            <outputDirectory>lib</outputDirectory>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependencySet>
    </dependencySets>
 
    <fileSets>
        <fileSet>
            <outputDirectory>/</outputDirectory>
            <includes>
                <include>README.txt</include>
            </includes>
        </fileSet>
        <fileSet>
            <directory>src/main/java</directory>
            <outputDirectory>/</outputDirectory>
            <includes>
                <include>hibernate.cfg.xml</include>
                <include>jserver.properties</include>
                <include>log4j.properties</include>
                <include>log4j2.xml</include>
            </includes>
        </fileSet>
    </fileSets>
</assembly>