python爬虫学习(10) —— 专利检索DEMO

这是一个稍微复杂的demo，它的功能如下：

1. 输入专利号，下载对应的专利文档
2. 输入关键词，下载所有相关的专利文档

---

0. 模块准备

• 首先是requests，这个就不说了，爬虫利器
• 其次是安装tesseract-ocr，pytesseract 和 PIL 「用于识别验证码」

1. 模拟登陆

我们需要对 这个网站 专利检索及分析 进行分析，反复鼓捣之后发现，找不到下载链接？

tell my why? 原来是没有登陆。 果然，登陆之后能够找到下载按钮，并手动下载成功。

注意到，在登陆和下载的同时，还需要输入验证码。

这样，我们第一步要解决的问题，便是验证码识别与模拟登陆

• python验证码识别

• python利用pytesser模块实现图片文字识别

• ubuntu下使用：

apt-get install tesseract-ocr
pip install pytesseract
pip install PIL

2. 关键字检索请求

登陆之后，我们键入一个关键词，进行检索

浏览器会向上图所示的url发送post请求，form data中的searchExp是我们的关键词

那么，我们通过post请求，便可以得到检索结果了

3. 翻页

把鼠标放在下一页上，我们能看到，是调用js来实现页面跳转的。

进一步分析，实际上我们对上图的url进行post请求也能实现翻页。

注意到form data中的参数

"resultPagination.limit":"10",
"resultPagination.sumLimit":"10",
"resultPagination.start":cnt, #这次参数决定了当前页面从搜索到的第几个数据开始
"resultPagination.totalCount":total, #总的搜索数据数目
"searchCondition.searchType":"Sino_foreign",
"searchCondition.dbId":"",
"searchCondition.extendInfo['MODE']":"MODE_GENERAL",
"searchCondition.searchExp":keywords, #我们输入的关键词
"wee.bizlog.modulelevel":"0200101",
"searchCondition.executableSearchExp":executableSearchExp, #需要我们自己构造
"searchCondition.literatureSF":literatureSF, #需要我们自己构造
"searchCondition.strategy":"",
"searchCondition.searchKeywords":"",
"searchCondition.searchKeywords":keywords # 我们输入的关键词

所以我们需要翻页的时候向 showSearchResult-startWa.shtml 这个页面进行post请求即可，

注意每次更新resultPagination.start参数

4. 浏览文档

需要下载专利文献，我们需要跳转到另外一个页面，而这个页面，又是通过js跳转的。

注意这里跳转的同时，传入的参数即为专利号，我们把它们保存下了，后面的post请求需要用到

可以看到，通过js跳转到了一个新窗口showViewList

这里的viewQC.viewLiteraQCList[0].searchCondition.executableSearchExp:非常关键，

这正是之前将它们保存下来的原因。

'viewQC.viewLiteraQCList[0].srcCnName':cnName,
'viewQC.viewLiteraQCList[0].srcEnName':srcEnName,
'viewQC.viewLiteraQCList[0].searchStrategy':'',
'viewQC.viewLiteraQCList[0].searchCondition.executableSearchExp':condition,
'viewQC.viewLiteraQCList[0].searchCondition.sortFields':'-APD,+PD',
'viewQC.needSearch':'true',
'viewQC.type':'SEARCH',
'wee.bizlog.modulelevel':'0200604'

5. 下载文档

点击下载按钮，弹出一个新的界面，Nextwork中产生三个请求

第三个便是验证码对应的图片

手动输入验证码后，首先通过validateMask.shtml进行验证码校验，并返回一个加密过后的mask串

再向downloadLitera.do发送post请求，完成下载！其中的参数，需要在之前自行确定。

6. 初步代码

很多细节问题需要考虑，这份代码只能算初步代码：

#coding=utf-8
import requests, re
import Image
from pytesseract import *

def get_verification_code(url):
    src = s.get(url).content
    open('temp_pic',"wb").write(src)
    pic=Image.open(r'./temp_pic')
    return image_to_string(pic)

login_url = 'http://www.pss-system.gov.cn/sipopublicsearch/wee/platform/wee_security_check'
host_url = 'http://www.pss-system.gov.cn/sipopublicsearch/portal/index.shtml'
pic_url = 'http://www.pss-system.gov.cn/sipopublicsearch/portal/login-showPic.shtml'
pic_mask = 'http://www.pss-system.gov.cn/sipopublicsearch/search/validateCode-showPic.shtml?params=2595D550022F3AC2E5D76ED4CAFD4D8E'
search_url = 'http://www.pss-system.gov.cn/sipopublicsearch/search/smartSearch-executeSmartSearch.shtml'
show_page = 'http://www.pss-system.gov.cn/sipopublicsearch/search/showSearchResult-startWa.shtml'
show_list = 'http://www.pss-system.gov.cn/sipopublicsearch/search/search/showViewList.shtml'
mask_check_url = 'http://www.pss-system.gov.cn/sipopublicsearch/search/validateMask.shtml'
download_url = 'http://www.pss-system.gov.cn/sipopublicsearch/search/downloadLitera.do'

down_head = {
    'Accept':'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8',
    'Accept-Encoding':'gzip, deflate',
    'Accept-Language':'en-US,en;q=0.8',
    'Cache-Control':'max-age=0',
    'Connection':'keep-alive',
    'Content-Type':'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
    'Origin':'http://www.pss-system.gov.cn',
    'Referer':'http://www.pss-system.gov.cn/sipopublicsearch/search/search/showViewList.shtml',
    'Upgrade-Insecure-Requests':'1',
    'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/50.0.2661.75 Safari/537.36'
}

s = requests.session()
cookies = dict(cookies_are='working')
s.get(host_url)

vcode = get_verification_code(pic_url)
login_data = {
    'j_validation_code':vcode,
    'j_loginsuccess_url':'http://www.pss-system.gov.cn/sipopublicsearch/portal/index.shtml',
    'j_username':'emhhbmdzYW4xMjM=',
    'j_password':'emhhbmdzYW4xMjM='
}

s.post(login_url,data=login_data,cookies=cookies)
print "login!!\n-------------------"

keywords = raw_input("please input keywords: ")
cnt = 0

search_data = {
    'searchCondition.searchExp':keywords,
    'searchCondition.dbId':'VDB',
    'searchCondition.searchType':'Sino_foreign',
    'wee.bizlog.modulelevel':'0200101'
}

result = s.post(search_url,data=search_data,cookies=cookies).content
total = int(re.search(r' 共.*?页 (.*?)条数据',result,re.S).group(1))
print "total:",total
all_result = re.findall('javascript:viewLitera_search\(\'.*?\',\'(.*?)\',\'single\'\)',result,re.S)

executableSearchExp = "VDB:(TBI=" + "'" + keywords + "')"
literatureSF = "复合文本=(" + keywords + ")"

while cnt <= total:
    cnt += 10
    for cur in all_result:
        real_id = cur
        if 'CN' in cur :
            real_id = cur[:14] + '.' + cur[14:]

        condition = r"VDB:(ID='" + real_id + r"')"
        cnName = '检索式:复合文本=' + '(' + keywords + ')'
        srcEnName = 'SearchStatement:复合文本=' + '(' + keywords + ')'

        print real_id

        data_cur = {
            'viewQC.viewLiteraQCList[0].srcCnName':cnName,
            'viewQC.viewLiteraQCList[0].srcEnName':srcEnName,
            'viewQC.viewLiteraQCList[0].searchStrategy':'',
            'viewQC.viewLiteraQCList[0].searchCondition.executableSearchExp':condition,
            'viewQC.viewLiteraQCList[0].searchCondition.sortFields':'-APD,+PD',
            'viewQC.needSearch':'true',
            'viewQC.type':'SEARCH',
            'wee.bizlog.modulelevel':'0200604'
        }

        show = s.post(show_list,data = data_cur,cookies=cookies).content

        tmp = re.search('literaList\[0\] = \{(.*?)\};',show,re.S)
        if tmp == None:
            break;

        idlist = re.findall('"(.*?)"',tmp.group(1).replace(' ',''),re.S)

        # 解析验证码
        vcode = get_verification_code(pic_mask)
        print vcode

        # 获取加密后的mask
        mask_data = {
            '':'',
            'wee.bizlog.modulelevel':'02016',
            'mask':vcode
        }
        kao = s.post(mask_check_url,data=mask_data,cookies=cookies).content
        #{"downloadCount":2,"downloadItems":null,"mask":"1a75026a-5138-4460-a35e-5ef60258d1d0","pass":true,"sid":null}
        mask_jm = re.search(r'"mask":"(.*?)"',kao,re.S).group(1)
        #print mask_jm

        data_down = {
            'wee.bizlog.modulelevel':'02016',
            'checkItems':'abstractCheck',
            '__checkbox_checkItems':'abstractCheck',
            'checkItems':'TIVIEW',
            'checkItems':'APO',
            'checkItems':'APD',
            'checkItems':'PN',
            'checkItems':'PD',
            'checkItems':'ICST',
            'checkItems':'PAVIEW',
            'checkItems':'INVIEW',
            'checkItems':'PR',
            'checkItems':'ABVIEW',
            'checkItems':'ABSIMG',
            'idList[0].id':idlist[0],
            'idList[0].pn':idlist[3],
            'idList[0].an':idlist[2],
            'idList[0].lang':idlist[4],
            'checkItems':'fullTextCheck',
            '__checkbox_checkItems':'fullTextCheck',
            'checkItems':'fullImageCheck',
            '__checkbox_checkItems':'fullImageCheck',
            'mask':mask_jm
        }

        down_page = s.post(download_url,data=data_down,headers=down_head,cookies=cookies).content

        open( cur + ".zip" ,"wb").write(down_page)

    kao_data = {
        "resultPagination.limit":"10",
        "resultPagination.sumLimit":"10",
        "resultPagination.start":cnt,
        "resultPagination.totalCount":total,
        "searchCondition.searchType":"Sino_foreign",
        "searchCondition.dbId":"",
        "searchCondition.extendInfo['MODE']":"MODE_GENERAL",
        "searchCondition.searchExp":keywords,
        "wee.bizlog.modulelevel":"0200101",
        "searchCondition.executableSearchExp":executableSearchExp,
        "searchCondition.literatureSF":literatureSF,
        "searchCondition.strategy":"",
        "searchCondition.searchKeywords":"",
        "searchCondition.searchKeywords":keywords
    }
    result = s.post(show_page,data=kao_data,cookies=cookies).content
    print "next page"
    all_result = re.findall('javascript:viewLitera_search\(\'.*?\',\'(.*?)\',\'single\'\)',result,re.S)

7. 效果展示

8. TODO

可能会继续更新 code