关于python调用zabbix api接口

因公司业务需要，引进了自动化运维，所用到的监控平台为zbbix3.2，最近正在学习python，计划使用python调用zabbix api接口去做些事情，如生成报表，我想最基本的是要取得zabbix中的数据，这是第一步，今天先体验了一把，已经成功获取得到部分数据，所以记录下来。

操作系统：win10

zabbix版本：3.2

python版本：2.7.14

IDE：PyCharm 2017.2.3

Build #PY-172.3968.37, built on September 1, 2017
         Licensed to smile

JRE: 1.8.0_152-release-915-b11 amd64
         JVM: OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM by JetBrains s.r.o

1. user.login方法获取zabbix server的认证密钥。官方地址：https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/3.4/zh/manual/api/reference/user/login

python实现方法：

#!/usr/bin/env python2.7
#coding=utf-8
import json
import urllib2
# based url and required header
url = "http://192.168.0.217/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php"
header = {"Content-Type":"application/json"}
# auth user and password
data = json.dumps(
{
   "jsonrpc": "2.0",
   "method": "user.login",
   "params": {
   "user": "Admin",
   "password": "zabbix"
},
"id": 0
})
# create request object
request = urllib2.Request(url,data)
for key in header:
   request.add_header(key,header[key])
# auth and get authid
try:
   result = urllib2.urlopen(request)
except urllib2.URLError as e:
   print "Auth Failed, Please Check Your Name AndPassword:",e.reason
else:
   response = json.loads(result.read())
   result.close()
   print"Auth Successful. The Auth ID Is:",response['result']

输出结果：

2.hostgroup.get方法获取所有主机组ID。把第一步获得的认证密钥填写到“auth”中，每次获取数据时都需要认证。此处是获取zabbix server上的所有主机组名称与ID号。
官方地址：https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/3.4/zh/manual/api/reference/hostgroup/get

python实现方法：

#!/usr/bin/env python2.7
#coding=utf-8
import json
import urllib2
# based url and required header
url = "http://192.168.0.217/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php"
header = {"Content-Type":"application/json"}
# request json
data = json.dumps(
{
   "jsonrpc":"2.0",
   "method":"hostgroup.get",
   "params":{
       "output":["groupid","name"],
   },
   "auth":"4c38be0e3cda326c63e4f4be8f73a056", # theauth id is what auth script returns, remeber it is string
   "id":1,
})
# create request object
request = urllib2.Request(url,data)
for key in header:
   request.add_header(key,header[key])
# get host list
try:
   result = urllib2.urlopen(request)
except urllib2.URLError as e:
   if hasattr(e, 'reason'):
       print 'We failed to reach a server.'
       print 'Reason: ', e.reason
   elif hasattr(e, 'code'):
       print 'The server could not fulfill the request.'
       print 'Error code: ', e.code
else:
   response = json.loads(result.read())
   result.close()
   print "Number Of Hosts: ", len(response['result'])
   #print response
   for group in response['result']:
       print "Group ID:",group['groupid'],"\tGroupName:",group['name']

输出结果：

3.host.get方法获取单个主机组下所有的主机ID。把第二点中获取到的主机组id，填入到下面代码“groupids”中，即可获得该主机组下所有的主机id。
官方地址：https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/3.4/zh/manual/api/reference/host/get

python实现方法：

#!/usr/bin/env python2.7
#coding=utf-8
import json
import urllib2
# based url and required header
url = "http://192.168.0.217/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php"
header = {"Content-Type":"application/json"}
# request json
data = json.dumps(
{
   "jsonrpc":"2.0",
   "method":"host.get",
   "params":{
       "output":["hostid","name"],
       "groupids":"",
   },
   "auth":"4c38be0e3cda326c63e4f4be8f73a056", # theauth id is what auth script returns, remeber it is string
   "id":1,
})
# create request object
request = urllib2.Request(url,data)
for key in header:
   request.add_header(key,header[key])
# get host list
try:
   result = urllib2.urlopen(request)
except urllib2.URLError as e:
   if hasattr(e, 'reason'):
       print 'We failed to reach a server.'
       print 'Reason: ', e.reason
   elif hasattr(e, 'code'):
       print 'The server could not fulfill the request.'
       print 'Error code: ', e.code
else:
   response = json.loads(result.read())
   result.close()
   print "Number Of Hosts: ", len(response['result'])
   for host in response['result']:
       print "Host ID:",host['hostid'],"HostName:",host['name']

输出结果：

4.itemsid.get方法获取单个主机下所有的监控项ID。根据第三点中获取到的所有主机id与名称，找到你想要获取的主机id，填写到下面代码“hostids”中，获取它下面的所有监控项。
官方地址：https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/3.4/zh/manual/api/reference/item/get

python实现方法：

#!/usr/bin/env python2.7
#coding=utf-8
import json
import urllib2
# based url and required header
url = "http://192.168.0.217/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php"
header = {"Content-Type":"application/json"}
# request json
data = json.dumps(
{
   "jsonrpc":"2.0",
   "method":"item.get",
   "params":{
       "output":["itemids","key_"],
       "hostids":"",
   },
   "auth":"4c38be0e3cda326c63e4f4be8f73a056", # theauth id is what auth script returns, remeber it is string
   "id":1,
})
# create request object
request = urllib2.Request(url,data)
for key in header:
   request.add_header(key,header[key])
# get host list
try:
   result = urllib2.urlopen(request)
except urllib2.URLError as e:
   if hasattr(e, 'reason'):
       print 'We failed to reach a server.'
       print 'Reason: ', e.reason
   elif hasattr(e, 'code'):
       print 'The server could not fulfill the request.'
       print 'Error code: ', e.code
else:
   response = json.loads(result.read())
   result.close()
   print "Number Of Hosts: ", len(response['result'])
   for host in response['result']:
       print host
       #print "Host ID:",host['hostid'],"HostName:",host['name']

输出结果：

5.history.get方法获取单个监控项的历史数据。根据第4点获取到的所有items id的值，找到想要监控的那项，填写到下面代码“itemids”中，获取它的历史数据。
官方地址：https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/3.4/zh/manual/api/reference/history/get

python实现方法：

#!/usr/bin/env python2.7
#coding=utf-8
import json
import urllib2
# based url and required header
url = "http://192.168.0.217/zabbix/api_jsonrpc.php"
header = {"Content-Type":"application/json"}
# request json
data = json.dumps(
{
   "jsonrpc":"2.0",
   "method":"history.get",
   "params":{
       "output":"extend",
       "history":3,
       "itemids":"",
       "limit":10
   },
   "auth":"4c38be0e3cda326c63e4f4be8f73a056", # theauth id is what auth script returns, remeber it is string
   "id":1,
})
# create request object
request = urllib2.Request(url,data)
for key in header:
   request.add_header(key,header[key])
# get host list
try:
   result = urllib2.urlopen(request)
except urllib2.URLError as e:
   if hasattr(e, 'reason'):
       print 'We failed to reach a server.'
       print 'Reason: ', e.reason
   elif hasattr(e, 'code'):
       print 'The server could not fulfill the request.'
       print 'Error code: ', e.code
else:
   response = json.loads(result.read())
   result.close()
   print "Number Of Hosts: ", len(response['result'])
   for host in response['result']:
       print host
       #print "Host ID:",host['hostid'],"HostName:",host['name']

输出结果：