OpenGL学习--06--键盘与鼠标交互

1.tutorial06.cpp

// Include standard headers
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

// Include GLEW
#include <GL/glew.h>

// Include GLFW
#include <glfw3.h>
GLFWwindow* window;

// Include GLM
#include <glm/glm.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>
using namespace glm;

#include <common/shader.hpp>
#include <common/texture.hpp>
#include <common/controls.hpp>

int main( void )
{
    // Initialise GLFW
    if( !glfwInit() )
    {
        fprintf( stderr, "Failed to initialize GLFW\n" );
        getchar();
        return -1;
    }

    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_SAMPLES, 4);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, 3);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, 3);
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_FORWARD_COMPAT, GL_TRUE); // To make MacOS happy; should not be needed
    glfwWindowHint(GLFW_OPENGL_PROFILE, GLFW_OPENGL_CORE_PROFILE);

    // Open a window and create its OpenGL context
    window = glfwCreateWindow( 1024, 768, "Tutorial 0 - Keyboard and Mouse", NULL, NULL);
    if( window == NULL ){
        fprintf( stderr, "Failed to open GLFW window. If you have an Intel GPU, they are not 3.3 compatible. Try the 2.1 version of the tutorials.\n" );
        getchar();
        glfwTerminate();
        return -1;
    }
    glfwMakeContextCurrent(window);

    // Initialize GLEW
    glewExperimental = true; // Needed for core profile
    if (glewInit() != GLEW_OK) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to initialize GLEW\n");
        getchar();
        glfwTerminate();
        return -1;
    }

    // Ensure we can capture the escape key being pressed below
    glfwSetInputMode(window, GLFW_STICKY_KEYS, GL_TRUE);
    // Hide the mouse and enable unlimited mouvement
    glfwSetInputMode(window, GLFW_CURSOR, GLFW_CURSOR_DISABLED);

    // Set the mouse at the center of the screen
    glfwPollEvents();
    glfwSetCursorPos(window, 1024/2, 768/2);

    // Dark blue background
    glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.4f, 0.0f);

    // Enable depth test
    glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
    // Accept fragment if it closer to the camera than the former one
    glDepthFunc(GL_LESS); 

    // Cull triangles which normal is not towards the camera
    glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE);

    GLuint VertexArrayID;
    glGenVertexArrays(1, &VertexArrayID);
    glBindVertexArray(VertexArrayID);

    // Create and compile our GLSL program from the shaders
    GLuint programID = LoadShaders( "TransformVertexShader.vertexshader", "TextureFragmentShader.fragmentshader" );

    // Get a handle for our "MVP" uniform
    GLuint MatrixID = glGetUniformLocation(programID, "MVP");

    // Load the texture
    GLuint Texture = loadDDS("uvtemplate.DDS");

    // Get a handle for our "myTextureSampler" uniform
    GLuint TextureID  = glGetUniformLocation(programID, "myTextureSampler");

    // Our vertices. Tree consecutive floats give a 3D vertex; Three consecutive vertices give a triangle.
    // A cube has 6 faces with 2 triangles each, so this makes 6*2=12 triangles, and 12*3 vertices
    static const GLfloat g_vertex_buffer_data[] = {
        -1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f,
        -1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f,
        -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
         1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f,
        -1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f,
        -1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f,
         1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f,
        -1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f,
         1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f,
         1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f,
         1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f,
        -1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f,
        -1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f,
        -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
        -1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f,
         1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f,
        -1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f,
        -1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f,
        -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
        -1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f,
         1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f,
         1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
         1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f,
         1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f,
         1.0f,-1.0f,-1.0f,
         1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
         1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f,
         1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
         1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f,
        -1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f,
         1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
        -1.0f, 1.0f,-1.0f,
        -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
         1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
        -1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f,
         1.0f,-1.0f, 1.0f
    };

    // Two UV coordinatesfor each vertex. They were created withe Blender.
    static const GLfloat g_uv_buffer_data[] = {
        0.000059f, 0.000004f,
        0.000103f, 0.336048f,
        0.335973f, 0.335903f,
        1.000023f, 0.000013f,
        0.667979f, 0.335851f,
        0.999958f, 0.336064f,
        0.667979f, 0.335851f,
        0.336024f, 0.671877f,
        0.667969f, 0.671889f,
        1.000023f, 0.000013f,
        0.668104f, 0.000013f,
        0.667979f, 0.335851f,
        0.000059f, 0.000004f,
        0.335973f, 0.335903f,
        0.336098f, 0.000071f,
        0.667979f, 0.335851f,
        0.335973f, 0.335903f,
        0.336024f, 0.671877f,
        1.000004f, 0.671847f,
        0.999958f, 0.336064f,
        0.667979f, 0.335851f,
        0.668104f, 0.000013f,
        0.335973f, 0.335903f,
        0.667979f, 0.335851f,
        0.335973f, 0.335903f,
        0.668104f, 0.000013f,
        0.336098f, 0.000071f,
        0.000103f, 0.336048f,
        0.000004f, 0.671870f,
        0.336024f, 0.671877f,
        0.000103f, 0.336048f,
        0.336024f, 0.671877f,
        0.335973f, 0.335903f,
        0.667969f, 0.671889f,
        1.000004f, 0.671847f,
        0.667979f, 0.335851f
    };

    GLuint vertexbuffer;
    glGenBuffers(1, &vertexbuffer);
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertexbuffer);
    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(g_vertex_buffer_data), g_vertex_buffer_data, GL_STATIC_DRAW);

    GLuint uvbuffer;
    glGenBuffers(1, &uvbuffer);
    glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, uvbuffer);
    glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, sizeof(g_uv_buffer_data), g_uv_buffer_data, GL_STATIC_DRAW);

    do{

        // Clear the screen
        glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);

        // Use our shader
        glUseProgram(programID);

        // Compute the MVP matrix from keyboard and mouse input
        computeMatricesFromInputs();
        glm::mat4 ProjectionMatrix = getProjectionMatrix();
        glm::mat4 ViewMatrix = getViewMatrix();
        glm::mat4 ModelMatrix = glm::mat4(1.0);
        glm::mat4 MVP = ProjectionMatrix * ViewMatrix * ModelMatrix;

        // Send our transformation to the currently bound shader,
        // in the "MVP" uniform
        glUniformMatrix4fv(MatrixID, 1, GL_FALSE, &MVP[0][0]);

        // Bind our texture in Texture Unit 0
        glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, Texture);
        // Set our "myTextureSampler" sampler to user Texture Unit 0
        glUniform1i(TextureID, 0);

        // 1rst attribute buffer : vertices
        glEnableVertexAttribArray(0);
        glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertexbuffer);
        glVertexAttribPointer(
            0,                  // attribute. No particular reason for 0, but must match the layout in the shader.
            3,                  // size
            GL_FLOAT,           // type
            GL_FALSE,           // normalized?
            0,                  // stride
            (void*)0            // array buffer offset
        );

        // 2nd attribute buffer : UVs
        glEnableVertexAttribArray(1);
        glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, uvbuffer);
        glVertexAttribPointer(
            1,                                // attribute. No particular reason for 1, but must match the layout in the shader.
            2,                                // size : U+V => 2
            GL_FLOAT,                         // type
            GL_FALSE,                         // normalized?
            0,                                // stride
            (void*)0                          // array buffer offset
        );

        // Draw the triangle !
        glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 12*3); // 12*3 indices starting at 0 -> 12 triangles

        glDisableVertexAttribArray(0);
        glDisableVertexAttribArray(1);

        // Swap buffers
        glfwSwapBuffers(window);
        glfwPollEvents();

    } // Check if the ESC key was pressed or the window was closed
    while( glfwGetKey(window, GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE ) != GLFW_PRESS &&
           glfwWindowShouldClose(window) == 0 );

    // Cleanup VBO and shader
    glDeleteBuffers(1, &vertexbuffer);
    glDeleteBuffers(1, &uvbuffer);
    glDeleteProgram(programID);
    glDeleteTextures(1, &TextureID);
    glDeleteVertexArrays(1, &VertexArrayID);

    // Close OpenGL window and terminate GLFW
    glfwTerminate();

    return 0;
}

2. common/controls.cpp

// Include GLFW
#include <glfw3.h>
extern GLFWwindow* window; // The "extern" keyword here is to access the variable "window" declared in tutorialXXX.cpp. This is a hack to keep the tutorials simple. Please avoid this.

// Include GLM
#include <glm/glm.hpp>
#include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>
using namespace glm;

#include "controls.hpp"

glm::mat4 ViewMatrix;
glm::mat4 ProjectionMatrix;

glm::mat4 getViewMatrix(){
    return ViewMatrix;
}
glm::mat4 getProjectionMatrix(){
    return ProjectionMatrix;
}

// Initial position : on +Z
glm::vec3 position = glm::vec3( 0, 0, 5 );
// Initial horizontal angle : toward -Z
float horizontalAngle = 3.14f;
// Initial vertical angle : none
float verticalAngle = 0.0f;
// Initial Field of View
float initialFoV = 45.0f;

float speed = 3.0f; // 3 units / second
float mouseSpeed = 0.005f;

void computeMatricesFromInputs(){

    // glfwGetTime is called only once, the first time this function is called
    static double lastTime = glfwGetTime();

    // Compute time difference between current and last frame
    double currentTime = glfwGetTime();
    float deltaTime = float(currentTime - lastTime);

    // Get mouse position
    double xpos, ypos;
    glfwGetCursorPos(window, &xpos, &ypos);

    // Reset mouse position for next frame
    glfwSetCursorPos(window, 1024/2, 768/2);

    // Compute new orientation
    horizontalAngle += mouseSpeed * float(1024/2 - xpos );
    verticalAngle   += mouseSpeed * float( 768/2 - ypos );

    // Direction : Spherical coordinates to Cartesian coordinates conversion
    glm::vec3 direction(
        cos(verticalAngle) * sin(horizontalAngle),
        sin(verticalAngle),
        cos(verticalAngle) * cos(horizontalAngle)
    );

    // Right vector
    glm::vec3 right = glm::vec3(
        sin(horizontalAngle - 3.14f/2.0f),
        0,
        cos(horizontalAngle - 3.14f/2.0f)
    );

    // Up vector
    glm::vec3 up = glm::cross( right, direction );

    // Move forward
    if (glfwGetKey( window, GLFW_KEY_UP ) == GLFW_PRESS){
        position += direction * deltaTime * speed;
    }
    // Move backward
    if (glfwGetKey( window, GLFW_KEY_DOWN ) == GLFW_PRESS){
        position -= direction * deltaTime * speed;
    }
    // Strafe right
    if (glfwGetKey( window, GLFW_KEY_RIGHT ) == GLFW_PRESS){
        position += right * deltaTime * speed;
    }
    // Strafe left
    if (glfwGetKey( window, GLFW_KEY_LEFT ) == GLFW_PRESS){
        position -= right * deltaTime * speed;
    }

    float FoV = initialFoV;// - 5 * glfwGetMouseWheel(); // Now GLFW 3 requires setting up a callback for this. It's a bit too complicated for this beginner's tutorial, so it's disabled instead.

    // Projection matrix : 45?Field of View, 4:3 ratio, display range : 0.1 unit <-> 100 units
    ProjectionMatrix = glm::perspective(FoV, 4.0f / 3.0f, 0.1f, 100.0f);
    // Camera matrix
    ViewMatrix       = glm::lookAt(
                                position,           // Camera is here
                                position+direction, // and looks here : at the same position, plus "direction"
                                up                  // Head is up (set to 0,-1,0 to look upside-down)
                           );

    // For the next frame, the "last time" will be "now"
    lastTime = currentTime;
}

3.common/controls.hpp

#ifndef CONTROLS_HPP
#define CONTROLS_HPP

void computeMatricesFromInputs();
glm::mat4 getViewMatrix();
glm::mat4 getProjectionMatrix();

#endif

4. common/texture.cpp

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#include <GL/glew.h>

#include <glfw3.h>

GLuint loadBMP_custom(const char * imagepath){

    printf("Reading image %s\n", imagepath);

    // Data read from the header of the BMP file
    unsigned char header[54];
    unsigned int dataPos;
    unsigned int imageSize;
    unsigned int width, height;
    // Actual RGB data
    unsigned char * data;

    // Open the file
    FILE * file = fopen(imagepath,"rb");
    if (!file)                                {printf("%s could not be opened. Are you in the right directory ? Don't forget to read the FAQ !\n", imagepath); getchar(); return 0;}

    // Read the header, i.e. the 54 first bytes

    // If less than 54 bytes are read, problem
    if ( fread(header, 1, 54, file)!=54 ){
        printf("Not a correct BMP file\n");
        return 0;
    }
    // A BMP files always begins with "BM"
    if ( header[0]!='B' || header[1]!='M' ){
        printf("Not a correct BMP file\n");
        return 0;
    }
    // Make sure this is a 24bpp file
    if ( *(int*)&(header[0x1E])!=0  )         {printf("Not a correct BMP file\n");    return 0;}
    if ( *(int*)&(header[0x1C])!=24 )         {printf("Not a correct BMP file\n");    return 0;}

    // Read the information about the image
    dataPos    = *(int*)&(header[0x0A]);
    imageSize  = *(int*)&(header[0x22]);
    width      = *(int*)&(header[0x12]);
    height     = *(int*)&(header[0x16]);

    // Some BMP files are misformatted, guess missing information
    if (imageSize==0)    imageSize=width*height*3; // 3 : one byte for each Red, Green and Blue component
    if (dataPos==0)      dataPos=54; // The BMP header is done that way

    // Create a buffer
    data = new unsigned char [imageSize];

    // Read the actual data from the file into the buffer
    fread(data,1,imageSize,file);

    // Everything is in memory now, the file wan be closed
    fclose (file);

    // Create one OpenGL texture
    GLuint textureID;
    glGenTextures(1, &textureID);

    // "Bind" the newly created texture : all future texture functions will modify this texture
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureID);

    // Give the image to OpenGL
    glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0,GL_RGB, width, height, 0, GL_BGR, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, data);

    // OpenGL has now copied the data. Free our own version
    delete [] data;

    // Poor filtering, or ...
    //glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_NEAREST);
    //glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_NEAREST); 

    // ... nice trilinear filtering.
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_LINEAR);
    glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);

    // Return the ID of the texture we just created
    return textureID;
}

// Since GLFW 3, glfwLoadTexture2D() has been removed. You have to use another texture loading library,
// or do it yourself (just like loadBMP_custom and loadDDS)
//GLuint loadTGA_glfw(const char * imagepath){
//
//    // Create one OpenGL texture
//    GLuint textureID;
//    glGenTextures(1, &textureID);
//
//    // "Bind" the newly created texture : all future texture functions will modify this texture
//    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureID);
//
//    // Read the file, call glTexImage2D with the right parameters
//    glfwLoadTexture2D(imagepath, 0);
//
//    // Nice trilinear filtering.
//    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_REPEAT);
//    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_REPEAT);
//    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
//    glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_LINEAR);
//    glGenerateMipmap(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
//
//    // Return the ID of the texture we just created
//    return textureID;
//}

#define FOURCC_DXT1 0x31545844 // Equivalent to "DXT1" in ASCII
#define FOURCC_DXT3 0x33545844 // Equivalent to "DXT3" in ASCII
#define FOURCC_DXT5 0x35545844 // Equivalent to "DXT5" in ASCII

GLuint loadDDS(const char * imagepath){

    unsigned char header[124];

    FILE *fp; 

    /* try to open the file */
    fp = fopen(imagepath, "rb");
    if (fp == NULL){
        printf("%s could not be opened. Are you in the right directory ? Don't forget to read the FAQ !\n", imagepath); getchar();
        return 0;
    }

    /* verify the type of file */
    char filecode[4];
    fread(filecode, 1, 4, fp);
    if (strncmp(filecode, "DDS ", 4) != 0) {
        fclose(fp);
        return 0;
    }

    /* get the surface desc */
    fread(&header, 124, 1, fp); 

    unsigned int height      = *(unsigned int*)&(header[8 ]);
    unsigned int width         = *(unsigned int*)&(header[12]);
    unsigned int linearSize     = *(unsigned int*)&(header[16]);
    unsigned int mipMapCount = *(unsigned int*)&(header[24]);
    unsigned int fourCC      = *(unsigned int*)&(header[80]);

    unsigned char * buffer;
    unsigned int bufsize;
    /* how big is it going to be including all mipmaps? */
    bufsize = mipMapCount > 1 ? linearSize * 2 : linearSize;
    buffer = (unsigned char*)malloc(bufsize * sizeof(unsigned char));
    fread(buffer, 1, bufsize, fp);
    /* close the file pointer */
    fclose(fp);

    unsigned int components  = (fourCC == FOURCC_DXT1) ? 3 : 4;
    unsigned int format;
    switch(fourCC)
    {
    case FOURCC_DXT1:
        format = GL_COMPRESSED_RGBA_S3TC_DXT1_EXT;
        break;
    case FOURCC_DXT3:
        format = GL_COMPRESSED_RGBA_S3TC_DXT3_EXT;
        break;
    case FOURCC_DXT5:
        format = GL_COMPRESSED_RGBA_S3TC_DXT5_EXT;
        break;
    default:
        free(buffer);
        return 0;
    }

    // Create one OpenGL texture
    GLuint textureID;
    glGenTextures(1, &textureID);

    // "Bind" the newly created texture : all future texture functions will modify this texture
    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureID);
    glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT,1);    

    unsigned int blockSize = (format == GL_COMPRESSED_RGBA_S3TC_DXT1_EXT) ? 8 : 16;
    unsigned int offset = 0;

    /* load the mipmaps */
    for (unsigned int level = 0; level < mipMapCount && (width || height); ++level)
    {
        unsigned int size = ((width+3)/4)*((height+3)/4)*blockSize;
        glCompressedTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, level, format, width, height,
            0, size, buffer + offset); 

        offset += size;
        width  /= 2;
        height /= 2; 

        // Deal with Non-Power-Of-Two textures. This code is not included in the webpage to reduce clutter.
        if(width < 1) width = 1;
        if(height < 1) height = 1;

    } 

    free(buffer); 

    return textureID;

}

5.common/texture.hpp

#ifndef TEXTURE_HPP
#define TEXTURE_HPP

// Load a .BMP file using our custom loader
GLuint loadBMP_custom(const char * imagepath);

//// Since GLFW 3, glfwLoadTexture2D() has been removed. You have to use another texture loading library,
//// or do it yourself (just like loadBMP_custom and loadDDS)
//// Load a .TGA file using GLFW's own loader
//GLuint loadTGA_glfw(const char * imagepath);

// Load a .DDS file using GLFW's own loader
GLuint loadDDS(const char * imagepath);

#endif

6. common/shader.cpp

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

#include <GL/glew.h>

#include "shader.hpp"

GLuint LoadShaders(const char * vertex_file_path,const char * fragment_file_path){

    // Create the shaders
    GLuint VertexShaderID = glCreateShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER);
    GLuint FragmentShaderID = glCreateShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER);

    // Read the Vertex Shader code from the file
    std::string VertexShaderCode;
    std::ifstream VertexShaderStream(vertex_file_path, std::ios::in);
    if(VertexShaderStream.is_open()){
        std::string Line = "";
        while(getline(VertexShaderStream, Line))
            VertexShaderCode += "\n" + Line;
        VertexShaderStream.close();
    }else{
        printf("Impossible to open %s. Are you in the right directory ? Don't forget to read the FAQ !\n", vertex_file_path);
        getchar();
        return 0;
    }

    // Read the Fragment Shader code from the file
    std::string FragmentShaderCode;
    std::ifstream FragmentShaderStream(fragment_file_path, std::ios::in);
    if(FragmentShaderStream.is_open()){
        std::string Line = "";
        while(getline(FragmentShaderStream, Line))
            FragmentShaderCode += "\n" + Line;
        FragmentShaderStream.close();
    }

    GLint Result = GL_FALSE;
    int InfoLogLength;

    // Compile Vertex Shader
    printf("Compiling shader : %s\n", vertex_file_path);
    char const * VertexSourcePointer = VertexShaderCode.c_str();
    glShaderSource(VertexShaderID, 1, &VertexSourcePointer , NULL);
    glCompileShader(VertexShaderID);

    // Check Vertex Shader
    glGetShaderiv(VertexShaderID, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &Result);
    glGetShaderiv(VertexShaderID, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &InfoLogLength);
    if ( InfoLogLength > 0 ){
        std::vector<char> VertexShaderErrorMessage(InfoLogLength+1);
        glGetShaderInfoLog(VertexShaderID, InfoLogLength, NULL, &VertexShaderErrorMessage[0]);
        printf("%s\n", &VertexShaderErrorMessage[0]);
    }

    // Compile Fragment Shader
    printf("Compiling shader : %s\n", fragment_file_path);
    char const * FragmentSourcePointer = FragmentShaderCode.c_str();
    glShaderSource(FragmentShaderID, 1, &FragmentSourcePointer , NULL);
    glCompileShader(FragmentShaderID);

    // Check Fragment Shader
    glGetShaderiv(FragmentShaderID, GL_COMPILE_STATUS, &Result);
    glGetShaderiv(FragmentShaderID, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &InfoLogLength);
    if ( InfoLogLength > 0 ){
        std::vector<char> FragmentShaderErrorMessage(InfoLogLength+1);
        glGetShaderInfoLog(FragmentShaderID, InfoLogLength, NULL, &FragmentShaderErrorMessage[0]);
        printf("%s\n", &FragmentShaderErrorMessage[0]);
    }

    // Link the program
    printf("Linking program\n");
    GLuint ProgramID = glCreateProgram();
    glAttachShader(ProgramID, VertexShaderID);
    glAttachShader(ProgramID, FragmentShaderID);
    glLinkProgram(ProgramID);

    // Check the program
    glGetProgramiv(ProgramID, GL_LINK_STATUS, &Result);
    glGetProgramiv(ProgramID, GL_INFO_LOG_LENGTH, &InfoLogLength);
    if ( InfoLogLength > 0 ){
        std::vector<char> ProgramErrorMessage(InfoLogLength+1);
        glGetProgramInfoLog(ProgramID, InfoLogLength, NULL, &ProgramErrorMessage[0]);
        printf("%s\n", &ProgramErrorMessage[0]);
    }

    glDetachShader(ProgramID, VertexShaderID);
    glDetachShader(ProgramID, FragmentShaderID);

    glDeleteShader(VertexShaderID);
    glDeleteShader(FragmentShaderID);

    return ProgramID;
}

7.common/shader.hpp

#ifndef SHADER_HPP
#define SHADER_HPP

GLuint LoadShaders(const char * vertex_file_path,const char * fragment_file_path);

#endif

8.shaders/TransformVertexShader.vertexshader

#version 330 core

// Input vertex data, different for all executions of this shader.
layout(location = 0) in vec3 vertexPosition_modelspace;
layout(location = 1) in vec2 vertexUV;

// Output data ; will be interpolated for each fragment.
out vec2 UV;

// Values that stay constant for the whole mesh.
uniform mat4 MVP;

void main(){

    // Output position of the vertex, in clip space : MVP * position
    gl_Position =  MVP * vec4(vertexPosition_modelspace,1);

    // UV of the vertex. No special space for this one.
    UV = vertexUV;
}

9.shaders/TextureFragmentShader.fragmentshader

#version 330 core

// Interpolated values from the vertex shaders
in vec2 UV;

// Ouput data
out vec3 color;

// Values that stay constant for the whole mesh.
uniform sampler2D myTextureSampler;

void main(){

    // Output color = color of the texture at the specified UV
    color = texture( myTextureSampler, UV ).rgb;
}