CMake 常用方法

CMake 允许开发者编写平台无关的 CMakeLists.txt 文件来定制整个编译流程，然后再根据目标用户的平台进一步生成所需的本地化 Makefile 和工程文件，如 Linux 的Makefile 或 Windows 的 Visual Studio 工程。从而做到 Write once, run everywhere。使用 CMake 的开源项目有 VTK、ITK、KDE、OpenCV等。

以下记录我在 Linux 下使用 CMake 的一些实践。

安装

官方网站：https://cmake.org/ 下载源码包，编译安装如下，

$ ./bootstrap
$ make
$ sudo make install

为了使用方便，再安装一下 ccmake，这是一个更友好的界面化 cmake 配置工具，

$ sudo apt-get install cmake3-curses-gui

使用方法

在 linux 下使用 CMake 生成 Makefile 并编译的流程如下：
    - 编写 CMake 配置文件 CMakeLists.txt 。
    - 执行命令 cmake PATH 或者 ccmake PATH 生成 Makefile（其中， PATH 是顶层 CMakeLists.txt 所在的目录）。
    - 使用 make 命令进行编译。

1) 编译单个文件

main.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>  // atof(), atoi()
 
double power(double base, int exp)
{
    if (exp == )
        return ;
 
    double result = base;
　　 int i;
    for (i = ; i < exp; i++)
        result *= base;
 
    return result;
}
 
int main(int argc, char * argv[])
{
    if (argc < )
    {
        printf("Usage: %s base exp\n", argv[]);
        return -;
    }
 
    double base = atof(argv[]);
    int exp = atoi(argv[]);
    double result = power(base, exp);
    printf("%g ^ %d = %g\n", base, exp, result);
 
    return ;
}

编辑 CMakeLists.txt

# CMake minimum version required
cmake_minimum_required (VERSION 3.0)
 
# Project info
project (DemoProj1)
 
# Specify generate target
add_executable (Demo main.c)

在当前目录下执行 cmake，将在当前目录下生成项目所需的 Makefile，

peterpan@Rescuer:~/Desktop/cmake_explorer/demo1_single_src$ cmake .
-- The C compiler identification is GNU 4.8.4
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 4.8.4
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc -- works
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Detecting C compile features
-- Detecting C compile features - done
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ -- works
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
-- Detecting CXX compile features
-- Detecting CXX compile features - done
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /home/peterpan/Desktop/cmake_explorer/demo1_single_src
peterpan@Rescuer:~/Desktop/cmake_explorer/demo1_single_src$ ll
total 40
-rw-rw-r-- 1 peterpan peterpan 12848 Mar 16 20:56 CMakeCache.txt
drwxrwxr-x 5 peterpan peterpan  4096 Mar 16 20:56 CMakeFiles/
-rw-rw-r-- 1 peterpan peterpan  1554 Mar 16 20:56 cmake_install.cmake
-rw-rw-rw- 1 peterpan peterpan   162 Mar 16 20:56 CMakeLists.txt
-rw-rw-rw- 1 peterpan peterpan   567 Mar 16 17:17 main.c
-rw-rw-r-- 1 peterpan peterpan  4811 Mar 16 20:56 Makefile

然后直接 make 即可编译当前工程，

peterpan@Rescuer:~/Desktop/cmake_explorer/demo1_single_src$ make
Scanning dependencies of target Demo
[ 50%] Building C object CMakeFiles/Demo.dir/main.c.o
[100%] Linking C executable Demo
[100%] Built target Demo
peterpan@Rescuer:~/Desktop/cmake_explorer/demo1_single_src$ ./Demo 2 10
2 ^ 10 = 1024

2) 编译多个文件

工程结构为，

.
├── main.c
├── mathFunc.c
└── mathFunc.h

main.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>  // atof(), atoi()
#include "mathFunc.h"
 
int main(int argc, char * argv[])
{
    if (argc < )
    {
        printf("Usage: %s base exp\n", argv[]);
        return -;
    }
 
    double base = atof(argv[]);
    int exp = atoi(argv[]);
    double result = power(base, exp);
    printf("%g ^ %d = %g\n", base, exp, result);
 
    return ;
}

mathFunc.h

double power(double base, int exp);

mathFunc.c

double power(double base, int exp)
{
    if (exp == )
        return ;
 
    double result = base;
    int i;
    for (i = ; i < exp; i++)
        result *= base;
 
    return result;
}

编辑 CMakeLists.txt

# CMake minimum version required
cmake_minimum_required (VERSION 3.0)
 
# Project info
project (DemoProj2)
 
# Specify generate target
add_executable (Demo main.c mathFunc.c)

运行 cmake，生成 Makefile，

peterpan@Rescuer:~/Desktop/cmake_explorer/demo2_multi_src_ver1$ cmake .
-- The C compiler identification is GNU 4.8.4
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 4.8.4
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc -- works
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Detecting C compile features
-- Detecting C compile features - done
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ -- works
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
-- Detecting CXX compile features
-- Detecting CXX compile features - done
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /home/peterpan/Desktop/cmake_explorer/demo2_multi_src_ver1
peterpan@Rescuer:~/Desktop/cmake_explorer/demo2_multi_src_ver1$ ll
total 48
-rw-rw-r-- 1 peterpan peterpan 12856 Mar 16 21:10 CMakeCache.txt
drwxrwxr-x 5 peterpan peterpan  4096 Mar 16 21:10 CMakeFiles/
-rw-rw-r-- 1 peterpan peterpan  1562 Mar 16 21:10 cmake_install.cmake
-rw-rw-rw- 1 peterpan peterpan   199 Mar 16 17:17 CMakeLists.txt
-rw-rw-rw- 1 peterpan peterpan   408 Mar 16 17:17 main.c
-rw-rw-r-- 1 peterpan peterpan  5494 Mar 16 21:10 Makefile
-rw-rw-rw- 1 peterpan peterpan   189 Mar 16 21:04 mathFunc.c
-rw-rw-rw- 1 peterpan peterpan    37 Mar 16 17:17 mathFunc.h

make 编译工程

peterpan@Rescuer:~/Desktop/cmake_explorer/demo2_multi_src_ver1$ make
Scanning dependencies of target Demo
[ 33%] Building C object CMakeFiles/Demo.dir/main.c.o
[ 66%] Building C object CMakeFiles/Demo.dir/mathFunc.c.o
[100%] Linking C executable Demo
[100%] Built target Demo
peterpan@Rescuer:~/Desktop/cmake_explorer/demo2_multi_src_ver1$ ./Demo 2 10
2 ^ 10 = 1024

如果存在多个源文件，则在 CMakeLists.txt 中逐个罗列显然不是个好方法，可以采用如下添加辅助文件夹的方式，替代上述 CMakeList.txt 为，

# CMake minimum version required
cmake_minimum_required (VERSION 3.0)
 
# Project info
project (DemoProj3)
 
# add auxilary directory, parameter is (<dir> <variable>)
aux_source_directory (. AUX_SRC_DIR)
 
# Specify generate target
add_executable (Demo ${AUX_SRC_DIR})

3) 编译多层次的多个源文件

工程结构为，

.
├── main.c
└── math
├── mathFunc.c
└── mathFunc.h

代码内容和上述工程 2) 相同，这种情况下，每一层都需要一个 CMakeLists.txt 文件。

根目录下的 CMakeLists.txt 为主，在其中要包含子文件夹，并要使最终的 target 文件链接子文件夹下的目标文件，

# CMake minimum version required
cmake_minimum_required (VERSION 3.0)
 
# Project info
project (DemoProj4)
 
# add auxilary directory, parameter is (<dir> <variable>)
aux_source_directory (. MAIN_SRC_DIR)
 
# add subdirectory
add_subdirectory (math)
 
# Specify generate target
add_executable (Demo ${MAIN_SRC_DIR})
 
# Add static link lib
target_link_libraries (Demo mathFunc)

子文件夹下的 CMakeLists.txt，编译生成静态目标文件，

# add auxilary directory, parameter is (<dir> <variable>)
aux_source_directory (. MATH_SRC_DIR)
 
# generate static link lib
add_library (mathFunc ${MATH_SRC_DIR})

执行 cmake

peterpan@Rescuer:~/Desktop/cmake_explorer/demo4_multi_src_multi_layer$ cmake .
-- The C compiler identification is GNU 4.8.4
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 4.8.4
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc
-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/cc -- works
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Detecting C compile features
-- Detecting C compile features - done
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++
-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ -- works
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info
-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done
-- Detecting CXX compile features
-- Detecting CXX compile features - done
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: /home/peterpan/Desktop/cmake_explorer/demo4_multi_src_multi_layer
peterpan@Rescuer:~/Desktop/cmake_explorer/demo4_multi_src_multi_layer$ ll
total 44
-rw-rw-r-- 1 peterpan peterpan 12959 Mar 16 21:33 CMakeCache.txt
drwxrwxr-x 5 peterpan peterpan  4096 Mar 16 21:33 CMakeFiles/
-rw-rw-r-- 1 peterpan peterpan  1777 Mar 16 21:33 cmake_install.cmake
-rw-rw-rw- 1 peterpan peterpan   445 Mar 16 21:28 CMakeLists.txt
-rw-rw-rw- 1 peterpan peterpan   413 Mar 16 17:17 main.c
-rw-rw-r-- 1 peterpan peterpan  5287 Mar 16 21:33 Makefile
drwxrwxr-x 3 peterpan peterpan  4096 Mar 16 21:33 math/

make 编译工程，

peterpan@Rescuer:~/Desktop/cmake_explorer/demo4_multi_src_multi_layer$ make
Scanning dependencies of target mathFunc
[ 25%] Building C object math/CMakeFiles/mathFunc.dir/mathFunc.c.o
[ 50%] Linking C static library libmathFunc.a
[ 50%] Built target mathFunc
Scanning dependencies of target Demo
[ 75%] Building C object CMakeFiles/Demo.dir/main.c.o
[100%] Linking C executable Demo
[100%] Built target Demo
peterpan@Rescuer:~/Desktop/cmake_explorer/demo4_multi_src_multi_layer$ ./Demo 2 10
2 ^ 10 = 1024

4) 用户自定义编译，CMake 编译指令初试

工程结构为

.
├── main.c
└── math
├── mathFunc.c
└── mathFunc.h

编辑根目录下的 CMakeLists.txt，

其中 config.h.in 是用户编辑文件，CMake 会根据此生成 config.h 头文件，

如下也定义了 USE_MYMATH 变量，并默认为 ON，表示使用用户自定义的 power 函数，如果为 OFF，表示使用标准库的 pow 函数 (会在以下 .c 文件中体现)，

# CMake minimum version required
cmake_minimum_required (VERSION 3.0)
 
# Project info
project (DemoProj5)
 
# Add config header
configure_file (
    "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/config.h.in"
    "${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/config.h"
    )
 
# Add option for chose if use mathFunc lib
option (USE_MYMATH "Use user defined math lib" ON)
 
# Add judge condition
if (USE_MYMATH)
    include_directories ("${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/math")
    add_subdirectory (math)
    set (UDF_LIBS ${UDF_LIBS} mathFunc)
endif (USE_MYMATH)
 
# add auxilary directory, parameter is (<dir> <variable>)
aux_source_directory (. MAIN_SRC_DIR)
 
# Specify generate target
add_executable (Demo ${MAIN_SRC_DIR})
 
# Add static link lib
target_link_libraries (Demo ${UDF_LIBS})

编辑 config.h.in

#cmakedefine USE_MYMATH

编辑子目录下的 CMakeLists.txt

# add auxilary directory, parameter is (<dir> <variable>)
aux_source_directory (. MATH_SRC_DIR)
 
# generate static link lib
add_library (mathFunc ${MATH_SRC_DIR})

main.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>  // atof(), atoi()
#include "config.h"
 
#ifdef USE_MYMATH
#include "math/mathFunc.h"
#else
#include <math.h>  // pow()
#endif
 
int main(int argc, char * argv[])
{
    if (argc < )
    {
        printf("Usage: %s base exp\n", argv[]);
        return -;
    }
 
    double base = atof(argv[]);
    int exp = atoi(argv[]);
 
#ifdef USE_MYMATH
    printf("Now with user defined math lib.\n");
    double result = power(base, exp);
#else
    printf("Now with C standard math lib.\n");
    //double result = pow(base, exp);  // NOTE, under Linux, should add -lm, or else cannot compile succeed
    double result = base + exp; // here is a stub, for above reason
#endif
 
    printf("%g ^ %d = %g\n", base, exp, result);
    return ;
}

mathFunc.h

double power(double base, int exp);

mathFunc.c

double power(double base, int exp)
{
    if (exp == )
        return ;
 
    double result = base;
    int i;
    for (i = ; i < exp; i++)
        result *= base;
 
    return result;
}

使用命令 ccmake 打开参数配置窗口，

peterpan@Rescuer:~/Desktop/cmake_explorer/demo5_user_defined_compile$ ccmake .

如下图，用方向键将光标移到 USE_MYMATH 按 Enter 可以 toggle 这个选项为 ON 或 OFF，然后如下图底部提示，按 c 开始配置，按 g 生成配置并退出，

可以看到已生成 Makefile 文件，直接 make 编译工程，从运行结果可以看到，当 USE_MYMATH 打开为 ON 时，编译采用用户定义的 power 函数，

peterpan@Rescuer:~/Desktop/cmake_explorer/demo5_user_defined_compile$ ll
total 64
-rw-rw-r-- 1 peterpan peterpan 13002 Mar 16 21:53 CMakeCache.txt
drwxrwxr-x 5 peterpan peterpan  4096 Mar 16 21:59 CMakeFiles/
-rw-rw-r-- 1 peterpan peterpan  1774 Mar 16 21:53 cmake_install.cmake
-rw-rw-rw- 1 peterpan peterpan   802 Mar 16 21:40 CMakeLists.txt
-rw-rw-rw- 1 peterpan peterpan    19 Mar 16 21:59 config.h
-rw-rw-rw- 1 peterpan peterpan    24 Mar 16 17:17 config.h.in
-rwxrwxr-x 1 peterpan peterpan  8670 Mar 16 21:54 Demo*
-rw-rw-rw- 1 peterpan peterpan   798 Mar 16 21:40 main.c
-rw-rw-r-- 1 peterpan peterpan  5282 Mar 16 21:59 Makefile
drwxrwxr-x 3 peterpan peterpan  4096 Mar 16 21:59 math/
peterpan@Rescuer:~/Desktop/cmake_explorer/demo5_user_defined_compile$ make
[ 50%] Built target mathFunc
Scanning dependencies of target Demo
[ 75%] Building C object CMakeFiles/Demo.dir/main.c.o
[100%] Linking C executable Demo
[100%] Built target Demo
peterpan@Rescuer:~/Desktop/cmake_explorer/demo5_user_defined_compile$ ./Demo 2 10
Now with user defined math lib.
2 ^ 10 = 1024

查看一下 cmake 生成的头文件 config.h

#define USE_MYMATH

然后重新运行 ccmake，将 USE_MYMATH 关闭，如下，

peterpan@Rescuer:~/Desktop/cmake_explorer/demo5_user_defined_compile$ ccmake .

重新生成了 Makefile，直接 make 编译，运行，从结果可以看到，USE_MYMATH 关闭为 OFF 后，编译使用标准库的 pow 函数 (注意，因为 Linux 编译包含 C 数学函数的文件，需要加额外的编译选项 -lm，所以，这里用了个桩函数)，

peterpan@Rescuer:~/Desktop/cmake_explorer/demo5_user_defined_compile$ ll
total 64
-rw-rw-r-- 1 peterpan peterpan 13080 Mar 16 22:07 CMakeCache.txt
drwxrwxr-x 5 peterpan peterpan  4096 Mar 16 22:07 CMakeFiles/
-rw-rw-r-- 1 peterpan peterpan  1574 Mar 16 22:07 cmake_install.cmake
-rw-rw-rw- 1 peterpan peterpan   802 Mar 16 21:40 CMakeLists.txt
-rw-rw-rw- 1 peterpan peterpan    24 Mar 16 22:07 config.h
-rw-rw-rw- 1 peterpan peterpan    24 Mar 16 17:17 config.h.in
-rwxrwxr-x 1 peterpan peterpan  8735 Mar 16 22:00 Demo*
-rw-rw-rw- 1 peterpan peterpan   798 Mar 16 21:40 main.c
-rw-rw-r-- 1 peterpan peterpan  4861 Mar 16 22:07 Makefile
drwxrwxr-x 3 peterpan peterpan  4096 Mar 16 21:59 math/
peterpan@Rescuer:~/Desktop/cmake_explorer/demo5_user_defined_compile$ make
Scanning dependencies of target Demo
[ 50%] Building C object CMakeFiles/Demo.dir/main.c.o
[100%] Linking C executable Demo
[100%] Built target Demo
peterpan@Rescuer:~/Desktop/cmake_explorer/demo5_user_defined_compile$ ./Demo 2 10
Now with C standard math lib.
2 ^ 10 = 12

可以再查看一下 cmake 生成的 config.h 文件，

/* #undef USE_MYMATH */

5) 制定安装规则

cmake 可以制定安装规则，

修改子目录 math 下的 CMakeLists.txt

# add auxilary directory, parameter is (<dir> <variable>)
aux_source_directory (. MATH_SRC_DIR)
 
# generate static link lib
add_library (mathFunc ${MATH_SRC_DIR})
 
# specify mathFunc lib install path
install (TARGETS mathFunc DESTINATION bin)
install (FILES mathFunc.h DESTINATION include)

修改根目录下的 CMakeLists.txt

# CMake minimum version required
cmake_minimum_required (VERSION 3.0)
 
# Project info
project (DemoProj6)
 
# Add config header
configure_file (
    "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/config.h.in"
    "${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/config.h"
    )
 
# Add option for chose if use mathFunc lib
option (USE_MYMATH "Use user defined math lib" ON)
 
# Add judge condition
if (USE_MYMATH)
    include_directories ("${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/math")
    add_subdirectory (math)
    set (UDF_LIBS ${UDF_LIBS} mathFunc)
endif (USE_MYMATH)
 
# add auxilary directory, parameter is (<dir> <variable>)
aux_source_directory (. MAIN_SRC_DIR)
 
# Specify generate target
add_executable (Demo ${MAIN_SRC_DIR})
 
# Add static link lib
target_link_libraries (Demo ${UDF_LIBS})
 
# Specify install path
install (TARGETS Demo DESTINATION bin)
install (FILES "${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/config.h" DESTINATION include)

经过以上设置，最终生成的目标文件 Demo 和库函数 libmathFunc.a 将被复制到 /usr/local/bin 中，而 config.h 和 mathFunc.h 会被复制到 /usr/local/include 中。

重新 cmake，重新 make，之后如下执行安装，

peterpan@Rescuer:~/Desktop/cmake_explorer/demo6_package_install$ sudo make install
[ 50%] Built target mathFunc
[100%] Built target Demo
Install the project...
-- Install configuration: ""
-- Installing: /usr/local/bin/Demo
-- Installing: /usr/local/include/config.h
-- Installing: /usr/local/bin/libmathFunc.a
-- Installing: /usr/local/include/mathFunc.h

6) 支持 GDB

在顶层文件 CMakeLists.txt 添加 GDB 支持，

# CMake minimum version required
cmake_minimum_required (VERSION 3.0)
 
# Project info
project (DemoProj7)
 
# Add config header
configure_file (
    "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/config.h.in"
    "${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/config.h"
    )
 
# Add option for chose if use mathFunc lib
option (USE_MYMATH "Use user defined math lib" ON)
 
# Add judge condition
if (USE_MYMATH)
    include_directories ("${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/math")
    add_subdirectory (math)
    set (UDF_LIBS ${UDF_LIBS} mathFunc)
endif (USE_MYMATH)
 
# add auxilary directory, parameter is (<dir> <variable>)
aux_source_directory (. MAIN_SRC_DIR)
 
# Specify generate target
add_executable (Demo ${MAIN_SRC_DIR})
 
# Add static link lib
target_link_libraries (Demo ${UDF_LIBS})
 
# Specify install path
install (TARGETS Demo DESTINATION bin)
install (FILES "${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/config.h" DESTINATION include)
 
# for support GDB
set (CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE "Debug")
set (CMAEK_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG "$ENV{CXXFLAGS} -O0 -Wall -g -ggdb")
set (CMAEK_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE "$ENV{CXXFLAGS} -O3 -Wall")

清理工程，重新 cmake，重新 make，之后生成的 Target 文件就带有调试信息了。

7) 为工程添加测试

在顶层文件 CMakeLists.txt 添加对 test 的支持，

# CMake minimum version required
cmake_minimum_required (VERSION 3.0)
 
# Project info
project (DemoProj8)
 
# Add config header
configure_file (
    "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/config.h.in"
    "${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/config.h"
    )
 
# Add option for chose if use mathFunc lib
option (USE_MYMATH "Use user defined math lib" ON)
 
# Add judge condition
if (USE_MYMATH)
    include_directories ("${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/math")
    add_subdirectory (math)
    set (UDF_LIBS ${UDF_LIBS} mathFunc)
endif (USE_MYMATH)
 
# add auxilary directory, parameter is (<dir> <variable>)
aux_source_directory (. MAIN_SRC_DIR)
 
# Specify generate target
add_executable (Demo ${MAIN_SRC_DIR})
 
# Add static link lib
target_link_libraries (Demo ${UDF_LIBS})
 
# Specify install path
install (TARGETS Demo DESTINATION bin)
install (FILES "${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/config.h" DESTINATION include)
 
# for support GDB
set (CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE "Debug")
set (CMAEK_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG "$ENV{CXXFLAGS} -O0 -Wall -g -ggdb")
set (CMAEK_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE "$ENV{CXXFLAGS} -O3 -Wall")
 
# for test
 
enable_testing()
add_test (test_usage Demo)
set_tests_properties (test_usage PROPERTIES PASS_REGULAR_EXPRESSION "Usage: .* base exp")
add_test (test_2_10 Demo 2 10)
set_tests_properties (test_2_10 PROPERTIES PASS_REGULAR_EXPRESSION "1024")
add_test (test_10_2 Demo 10 2)
set_tests_properties (test_10_2 PROPERTIES PASS_REGULAR_EXPRESSION "100")
add_test (test_5_3 Demo 5 3)
set_tests_properties (test_5_3 PROPERTIES PASS_REGULAR_EXPRESSION "125")

清理工程，重新 cmake，重新 make，之后就运行命令 make test 执行上述测试。

如果测试用例太多，可以考虑定义如下宏函数来简化，

# for convinence test, defien a macro
macro (do_test arg1 arg2 result)
    add_test (test_${arg1}_${arg2} Demo ${arg1} ${arg2})
    set_tests_properties (test_${arg1}_${arg2} PROPERTIES PASS_REGULAR_EXPRESSION ${result})
endmacro (do_test)
do_test (2 10 "1024")
do_test (10 2 "100")
do_test (5 3 "125")

8) 为工程添加版本号

修改顶层文件，在 project 命令之后加入版本信息，

# CMake minimum version required
cmake_minimum_required (VERSION 3.0)
 
# Project info
project (DemoProj9)
 
# Add version info
set (Demo_VERSION_MAJOR 0)
set (Demo_VERSION_MINOR 1)
 
# Add config header
configure_file (
    "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/config.h.in"
    "${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/config.h"
    )
 
# Add option for chose if use mathFunc lib
option (USE_MYMATH "Use user defined math lib" ON)
 
# Add judge condition
if (USE_MYMATH)
    include_directories ("${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/math")
    add_subdirectory (math)
    set (UDF_LIBS ${UDF_LIBS} mathFunc)
endif (USE_MYMATH)

# add auxilary directory, parameter is (<dir> <variable>)
aux_source_directory (. MAIN_SRC_DIR)
 
# Specify generate target
add_executable (Demo ${MAIN_SRC_DIR})
 
# Add static link lib
target_link_libraries (Demo ${UDF_LIBS})
 
# Specify install path
install (TARGETS Demo DESTINATION bin)
install (FILES "${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/config.h" DESTINATION include)
 
# for support GDB
set (CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE "Debug")
set (CMAEK_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG "$ENV{CXXFLAGS} -O0 -Wall -g -ggdb")
set (CMAEK_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE "$ENV{CXXFLAGS} -O3 -Wall")
 
# for test
 
enable_testing()
add_test (test_usage Demo)
set_tests_properties (test_usage PROPERTIES PASS_REGULAR_EXPRESSION "Usage: .* base exp")
add_test (test_2_10 Demo 2 10)
set_tests_properties (test_2_10 PROPERTIES PASS_REGULAR_EXPRESSION "1024")
add_test (test_10_2 Demo 10 2)
set_tests_properties (test_10_2 PROPERTIES PASS_REGULAR_EXPRESSION "100")
add_test (test_5_3 Demo 5 3)
set_tests_properties (test_5_3 PROPERTIES PASS_REGULAR_EXPRESSION "125")

为了在代码中获取版本信息，如下编辑 config.h.in

#cmakedefine USE_MYMATH
 
// for version info
#define Demo_VERSION_MAJOR @Demo_VERSION_MAJOR@
#define Demo_VERSION_MINOR @Demo_VERSION_MINOR@

修改 main.c 增加版本信息输出

// test cmake, demo5.
 
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>  // atof(), atoi()
#include "config.h"
 
#ifdef USE_MYMATH
#include "math/mathFunc.h"
#else
#include <math.h>  // pow()
#endif
 
int main(int argc, char * argv[])
{
    if (argc < )
    {
        printf("%s version %d.%d\n", argv[], Demo_VERSION_MAJOR, Demo_VERSION_MINOR);
        printf("Usage: %s base exp\n", argv[]);
        return -;
    }
 
    double base = atof(argv[]);
    int exp = atoi(argv[]);
 
#ifdef USE_MYMATH
    printf("Now with user defined math lib.\n");
    double result = power(base, exp);
#else
    printf("Now with C standard math lib.\n");
    //double result = pow(base, exp);  // NOTE, under Linux, should add -lm, or else cannot compile succeed
    double result = base + exp; // here is a stub, for above reason
#endif
 
    printf("%g ^ %d = %g\n", base, exp, result);
    return ;
}

重新 cmake，重新 make，执行结果如下，

peterpan@Rescuer:~/Desktop/cmake_explorer/demo9_add_version_num$ ./Demo
./Demo version 0.1
Usage: ./Demo base exp

9) 打包工程为安装包

cmake 提供 cpack 工具，可以将工程打包成二进制安装包或源码安装包。

在工程顶层 CMakeLists.txt 添加如下语句，

# for package installer
include (InstallRequiredSystemLibraries)
set (CPACK_RESOURCE_FILE_LICENSE "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/License.txt")
set (CPACK_PACKAGE_VERSION_MAJOR "${Demo_VERSION_MAJOR}")
set (CPACK_PACKAGE_VERSION_MINOR "${Demo_VERSION_MINOR}")
include (CPack)

在工程顶层添加一个合适的 License.txt 文件，例如，

The MIT License (MIT)
 
Copyright (c) 2018 Peter pan (http://www.cnblogs.com/gaowengang)
 
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of
the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
subject to the following conditions:
 
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS
FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR
COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER
IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

清理工程，重新 cmake，重新 make，

生成二进制安装包，命令如下，

peterpan@Rescuer:~/Desktop/cmake_explorer/demo10_package_installer$ cpack -C CPackConfig.cmake
CPack: Create package using STGZ
CPack: Install projects
CPack: - Run preinstall target for: DemoProj10
CPack: - Install project: DemoProj10
CPack: Create package
CPack: - package: /home/peterpan/Desktop/cmake_explorer/demo10_package_installer/DemoProj10-0.1.1-Linux.sh generated.
CPack: Create package using TGZ
CPack: Install projects
CPack: - Run preinstall target for: DemoProj10
CPack: - Install project: DemoProj10
CPack: Create package
CPack: - package: /home/peterpan/Desktop/cmake_explorer/demo10_package_installer/DemoProj10-0.1.1-Linux.tar.gz generated.
CPack: Create package using TZ
CPack: Install projects
CPack: - Run preinstall target for: DemoProj10
CPack: - Install project: DemoProj10
CPack: Create package
CPack: - package: /home/peterpan/Desktop/cmake_explorer/demo10_package_installer/DemoProj10-0.1.1-Linux.tar.Z generated.
peterpan@Rescuer:~/Desktop/cmake_explorer/demo10_package_installer$ ll
total 124
-rw-rw-r-- 1 peterpan peterpan 15393 Mar 17 09:37 CMakeCache.txt
drwxrwxr-x 5 peterpan peterpan  4096 Mar 17 09:37 CMakeFiles/
-rw-rw-r-- 1 peterpan peterpan  2802 Mar 17 09:37 cmake_install.cmake
-rw-rw-r-- 1 peterpan peterpan  1916 Mar 17 09:34 CMakeLists.txt
-rw-rw-r-- 1 peterpan peterpan   103 Mar 17 09:36 config.h
-rw-rw-r-- 1 peterpan peterpan   141 Mar 17 09:23 config.h.in
-rw-r--r-- 1 peterpan peterpan  3623 Mar 17 09:37 CPackConfig.cmake
drwxrwxr-x 3 peterpan peterpan  4096 Mar 17 09:37 _CPack_Packages/
-rw-r--r-- 1 peterpan peterpan  4108 Mar 17 09:37 CPackSourceConfig.cmake
-rw-rw-r-- 1 peterpan peterpan   799 Mar 17 09:37 CTestTestfile.cmake
-rwxrwxr-x 1 peterpan peterpan 10070 Mar 17 09:37 Demo*
-rwxrwxrwx 1 peterpan peterpan  9096 Mar 17 09:37 DemoProj10-0.1.1-Linux.sh*
-rw-rw-r-- 1 peterpan peterpan  4121 Mar 17 09:37 DemoProj10-0.1.1-Linux.tar.gz
-rw-rw-r-- 1 peterpan peterpan  5478 Mar 17 09:37 DemoProj10-0.1.1-Linux.tar.Z
-rw-rw-r-- 1 peterpan peterpan   506 Mar 17 09:37 install_manifest.txt
-rw-rw-r-- 1 peterpan peterpan  1112 Mar 17 09:31 License.txt
-rw-rw-r-- 1 peterpan peterpan   885 Mar 17 09:23 main.c
-rw-rw-r-- 1 peterpan peterpan  8392 Mar 17 09:37 Makefile
drwxrwxr-x 3 peterpan peterpan  4096 Mar 17 09:37 math/

二进制安转包内容如下，

DemoProj10-0.1.1-Linux
├── bin
│   ├── Demo
│   └── libmathFunc.a
└── include
    ├── config.h
    └── mathFunc.h

生成源码安装包，命令如下，

peterpan@Rescuer:~/Desktop/cmake_explorer/demo10_package_installer$ cpack -C CPackSourceConfig.cmake
CPack: Create package using STGZ
CPack: Install projects
CPack: - Run preinstall target for: DemoProj10
CPack: - Install project: DemoProj10
CPack: Create package
CPack: - package: /home/peterpan/Desktop/cmake_explorer/demo10_package_installer/DemoProj10-0.1.1-Linux.sh generated.
CPack: Create package using TGZ
CPack: Install projects
CPack: - Run preinstall target for: DemoProj10
CPack: - Install project: DemoProj10
CPack: Create package
CPack: - package: /home/peterpan/Desktop/cmake_explorer/demo10_package_installer/DemoProj10-0.1.1-Linux.tar.gz generated.
CPack: Create package using TZ
CPack: Install projects
CPack: - Run preinstall target for: DemoProj10
CPack: - Install project: DemoProj10
CPack: Create package
CPack: - package: /home/peterpan/Desktop/cmake_explorer/demo10_package_installer/DemoProj10-0.1.1-Linux.tar.Z generated.
peterpan@Rescuer:~/Desktop/cmake_explorer/demo10_package_installer$ ll
total 124
-rw-rw-r-- 1 peterpan peterpan 15393 Mar 17 09:37 CMakeCache.txt
drwxrwxr-x 5 peterpan peterpan  4096 Mar 17 09:44 CMakeFiles/
-rw-rw-r-- 1 peterpan peterpan  2802 Mar 17 09:37 cmake_install.cmake
-rw-rw-r-- 1 peterpan peterpan  1916 Mar 17 09:34 CMakeLists.txt
-rw-rw-r-- 1 peterpan peterpan   103 Mar 17 09:36 config.h
-rw-rw-r-- 1 peterpan peterpan   141 Mar 17 09:23 config.h.in
-rw-r--r-- 1 peterpan peterpan  3623 Mar 17 09:37 CPackConfig.cmake
drwxrwxr-x 3 peterpan peterpan  4096 Mar 17 09:37 _CPack_Packages/
-rw-r--r-- 1 peterpan peterpan  4108 Mar 17 09:37 CPackSourceConfig.cmake
-rw-rw-r-- 1 peterpan peterpan   799 Mar 17 09:37 CTestTestfile.cmake
-rwxrwxr-x 1 peterpan peterpan 10070 Mar 17 09:37 Demo*
-rwxrwxrwx 1 peterpan peterpan  9098 Mar 17 09:44 DemoProj10-0.1.1-Linux.sh*
-rw-rw-r-- 1 peterpan peterpan  4122 Mar 17 09:44 DemoProj10-0.1.1-Linux.tar.gz
-rw-rw-r-- 1 peterpan peterpan  5481 Mar 17 09:44 DemoProj10-0.1.1-Linux.tar.Z
-rw-rw-r-- 1 peterpan peterpan   506 Mar 17 09:44 install_manifest.txt
-rw-rw-r-- 1 peterpan peterpan  1112 Mar 17 09:31 License.txt
-rw-rw-r-- 1 peterpan peterpan   885 Mar 17 09:23 main.c
-rw-rw-r-- 1 peterpan peterpan  8392 Mar 17 09:37 Makefile
drwxrwxr-x 3 peterpan peterpan  4096 Mar 17 09:37 math/

源码安装包内容如下 (好像不太好使……依然是二进制打包的)

DemoProj10-0.1.1-Linux
├── bin
│   ├── Demo
│   └── libmathFunc.a
└── include
    ├── config.h
    └── mathFunc.h

=========================================================================================

注：本文来自原创作者网站： http://www.hahack.com/codes/cmake/

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