一、paramiko模块使用

1）远程执行主机命令获取结果

方法一

import paramiko

# 创建SSH对象

ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()

# 允许连接不在know_hosts文件中的主机

ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())

# 连接服务器

ssh.connect(hostname='192.168.12.217', port=, username='root', password='')

# 执行命令

stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('ls /root')

# 获取命令结果

result = stdout.read()

print(result.decode('utf-8'))

# 关闭连接

ssh.close()

方法二

import paramiko

transport = paramiko.Transport(('192.168.12.217', ))

transport.connect(username='root', password='')

ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()

ssh._transport = transport

stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df')

res=stdout.read()

print(res.decode('utf-8'))

transport.close()

ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())     意义在于，ssh 第一次连接没有连接过的主机，可以跳过会弹出的yes,并且在 /root/.ssh/known_hosts里面添加主机信息

2）基于公钥连接，制作密钥连接服务器群,

服务端必须有文件名：authorized_keys(在用ssh-keygen时，必须制作一个authorized_keys,可以用ssh-copy-id来制作)

import paramiko

private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('/tmp/id_rsa')

# 创建SSH对象

ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()

# 允许连接不在know_hosts文件中的主机

ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())

# 连接服务器

ssh.connect(hostname='120.92.84.249', port=, username='root', pkey=private_key)

# 执行命令

stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df')

# 获取命令结果

result = stdout.read()

print(result.decode('utf-8'))

# 关闭连接

ssh.close()

3）上传下载文件，强调是文件

import paramiko

transport = paramiko.Transport(('192.168.12.55',))

transport.connect(username='root',password='xxx')

sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)

# 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py

sftp.put('/tmp/id_rsa', '/etc/test.rsa')

# 将remove_path 下载到本地 local_path

sftp.get('remove_path', 'local_path')

transport.close()

基于公钥上传下载

import paramiko

private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('/tmp/id_rsa')

transport = paramiko.Transport(('192.168.12.55', ))

transport.connect(username='root', pkey=private_key )

sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)

# 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py

sftp.put('/tmp/id_rsa', '/tmp/a.txt')

# 将remove_path 下载到本地 local_path

sftp.get('remove_path', 'local_path')

transport.close()

原文连接：http://www.cnblogs.com/linhaifeng/articles/6817679.html#_label5

二、paramiko模块源码分析

1）下载源码

git clone https://github.com/paramiko/paramiko.git

或下载zip文件

2）执行脚本

[root@jenkens demos]# pwd

/root/paramiko-master/paramiko-master/demos

[root@jenkens demos]# python3 demo.py

3）修改  interactive.py 文件

# Copyright (C) -  Robey Pointer <robeypointer@gmail.com>

#

# This file is part of paramiko.

#

# Paramiko is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the

# terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free

# Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option)

# any later version.

#

# Paramiko is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY

# WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR

# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU Lesser General Public License for more

# details.

#

# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License

# along with Paramiko; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,

#  Temple Place, Suite , Boston, MA  -  USA.

import socket

import sys

import time          # 新增内容

from paramiko.py3compat import u

# windows does not have termios...

try:

    import termios

    import tty

    has_termios = True

except ImportError:

    has_termios = False

def interactive_shell(chan):

    if has_termios:

        posix_shell(chan)

    else:

        windows_shell(chan)

def posix_shell(chan):

    import select

    oldtty = termios.tcgetattr(sys.stdin)

    try:

        tty.setraw(sys.stdin.fileno())

        tty.setcbreak(sys.stdin.fileno())

        chan.settimeout(0.0)

        cmd = []  # 增加的内容

        f = open('ssh_test.log','w')        # 新增内容

        while True:

            r, w, e = select.select([chan, sys.stdin], [], [])

            if chan in r:

                try:

                    x = u(chan.recv())

                    if len(x) == :

                        sys.stdout.write("\r\n*** EOF\r\n")

                        break

                    sys.stdout.write(x)

                    sys.stdout.flush()

                except socket.timeout:

                    pass

            if sys.stdin in r:

                x = sys.stdin.read()

                if len(x) == :

                    break

                if x =='\r':            # 新增内容

                    print('input>',''.join(cmd))  # 新增内容

                    log = "%s  %s\n" %(time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %X",time.gmtime()),''.join(cmd))          # 新增内容

                    f.write(log)     # 新增内容

                    cmd = []             # 新增内容

                else:                   # 新增内容

                    cmd.append(x)            # 新增内容

                chan.send(x)

    finally:

        termios.tcsetattr(sys.stdin, termios.TCSADRAIN, oldtty)

        f.close()    # 新增内容

# thanks to Mike Looijmans for this code

def windows_shell(chan):

    import threading

    sys.stdout.write(

        "Line-buffered terminal emulation. Press F6 or ^Z to send EOF.\r\n\r\n"

    )

    def writeall(sock):

        while True:

            data = sock.recv()

            if not data:

                sys.stdout.write("\r\n*** EOF ***\r\n\r\n")

                sys.stdout.flush()

                break

            sys.stdout.write(data)

            sys.stdout.flush()

    writer = threading.Thread(target=writeall, args=(chan,))

    writer.start()

    try:

        while True:

            d = sys.stdin.read()

            if not d:

                break

            chan.send(d)

    except EOFError:

        # user hit ^Z or F6

        pass

修改后的文件

4）查看执行效果，获取到实时的日志记录

5）分析，用到的文件为

demo.py                 执行入口文件

interactive.py         实时输入命令的交互文件

二）实现Django后台传值实时交互

1）调用程序 ssh_connect函数

调用ssh_connect连接，self指传送的对象，封装了ip，端口，用户名，密码

from backend import paramiko_ssh

paramiko_ssh.ssh_connect(self, selected_host_to_user_obj )

2）paramiko_ssh文件代码编写，即ssh_connect入口文件

#!/usr/bin/env python

# Copyright (C) -  Robey Pointer <robeypointer@gmail.com>

#

# This file is part of paramiko.

#

# Paramiko is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the

# terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free

# Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option)

# any later version.

#

# Paramiko is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY

# WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR

# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU Lesser General Public License for more

# details.

#

# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License

# along with Paramiko; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,

#  Temple Place, Suite , Boston, MA  -  USA.

import base64

from binascii import hexlify

import getpass

import os

import select

import socket

import sys

import time

import traceback

from paramiko.py3compat import input

import paramiko

try:

    import interactive

except ImportError:

    from . import interactive

def manual_auth(t,hostname,username, password):

    default_auth = 'p'

    #auth = input('Auth by (p)assword, (r)sa key, or (d)ss key? [%s] ' % default_auth)

    # if len(auth) == :

    #     auth = default_auth

    auth = default_auth

    if auth == 'r':

        default_path = os.path.join(os.environ['HOME'], '.ssh', 'id_rsa')

        path = input('RSA key [%s]: ' % default_path)

        if len(path) == :

            path = default_path

        try:

            key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(path)

        except paramiko.PasswordRequiredException:

            password = getpass.getpass('RSA key password: ')

            key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(path, password)

        t.auth_publickey(username, key)

    elif auth == 'd':

        default_path = os.path.join(os.environ['HOME'], '.ssh', 'id_dsa')

        path = input('DSS key [%s]: ' % default_path)

        if len(path) == :

            path = default_path

        try:

            key = paramiko.DSSKey.from_private_key_file(path)

        except paramiko.PasswordRequiredException:

            password = getpass.getpass('DSS key password: ')

            key = paramiko.DSSKey.from_private_key_file(path, password)

        t.auth_publickey(username, key)

    else:

        #pw = getpass.getpass('Password for %s@%s: ' % (username, hostname))

        t.auth_password(username, password)

def ssh_connect(ssh_handler_instance,host_to_user_obj):

    hostname = host_to_user_obj.host.ip_addr

    port = host_to_user_obj.host.port

    username = host_to_user_obj.remote_user.username

    password = host_to_user_obj.remote_user.password

    # now connect

    try:

        sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)

        sock.connect((hostname, port))

    except Exception as e:

        print('*** Connect failed: ' + str(e))

        traceback.print_exc()

        sys.exit()

    try:

        t = paramiko.Transport(sock)

        try:

            t.start_client()

        except paramiko.SSHException:

            print('*** SSH negotiation failed.')

            sys.exit()

        try:

            keys = paramiko.util.load_host_keys(os.path.expanduser('~/.ssh/known_hosts'))

        except IOError:

            try:

                keys = paramiko.util.load_host_keys(os.path.expanduser('~/ssh/known_hosts'))

            except IOError:

                print('*** Unable to open host keys file')

                keys = {}

        # check server's host key -- this is important.

        key = t.get_remote_server_key()

        if hostname not in keys:

            print('*** WARNING: Unknown host key!')

        elif key.get_name() not in keys[hostname]:

            print('*** WARNING: Unknown host key!')

        elif keys[hostname][key.get_name()] != key:

            print('*** WARNING: Host key has changed!!!')

            sys.exit()

        else:

            print('*** Host key OK.')

        if not t.is_authenticated():

            manual_auth(t,hostname,username, password)

        if not t.is_authenticated():

            print('*** Authentication failed. :(')

            t.close()

            sys.exit()

        chan = t.open_session()

        chan.get_pty()

        chan.invoke_shell()

        chan.crazyeye_account = ssh_handler_instance.user

        chan.host_to_user_obj = host_to_user_obj

        chan.models = ssh_handler_instance.models

        print('*** Here we go!\n')

        ssh_handler_instance.models.AuditLog.objects.create(

            user = ssh_handler_instance.user ,

            log_type =  ,

            host_to_remote_user = host_to_user_obj,

            content = "***user login***"

        )

        interactive.interactive_shell(chan)

        chan.close()

        t.close()

        ssh_handler_instance.models.AuditLog.objects.create(

            user=ssh_handler_instance.user,

            log_type=,

            host_to_remote_user=host_to_user_obj,

            content="***user logout***"

        )

    except Exception as e:

        print('*** Caught exception: ' + str(e.__class__) + ': ' + str(e))

        traceback.print_exc()

        try:

            t.close()

        except:

            pass

        sys.exit()

ssh_connnect

3）与命令交互接口

# Copyright (C) -  Robey Pointer <robeypointer@gmail.com>

#

# This file is part of paramiko.

#

# Paramiko is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the

# terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free

# Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option)

# any later version.

#

# Paramiko is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY

# WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR

# A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU Lesser General Public License for more

# details.

#

# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License

# along with Paramiko; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,

#  Temple Place, Suite , Boston, MA  -  USA.

import socket

import sys

import time

from paramiko.py3compat import u

# windows does not have termios...

try:

    import termios

    import tty

    has_termios = True

except ImportError:

    has_termios = False

def interactive_shell(chan):

    if has_termios:

        posix_shell(chan)

    else:

        windows_shell(chan)

def posix_shell(chan):

    import select

    oldtty = termios.tcgetattr(sys.stdin)

    try:

        tty.setraw(sys.stdin.fileno())

        tty.setcbreak(sys.stdin.fileno())

        chan.settimeout(0.0)

        cmd = []

        #f = open('ssh_test.log','w')

        while True:

            r, w, e = select.select([chan, sys.stdin], [], [])

            if chan in r:

                try:

                    x = u(chan.recv())

                    if len(x) == :

                        sys.stdout.write('\r\n*** EOF\r\n')

                        break

                    sys.stdout.write(x)

                    sys.stdout.flush()

                except socket.timeout:

                    pass

            if sys.stdin in r:

                x = sys.stdin.read()

                if len(x) == :

                    break

                if x == '\r':

                    print('input>',''.join(cmd))

                    #log = "%s   %s\n" %(time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %X", time.gmtime()), ''.join(cmd))

                    #print(log)

                    chan.models.AuditLog.objects.create(

                        user=chan.crazyeye_account,

                        log_type=,

                        host_to_remote_user=chan.host_to_user_obj,

                        content=''.join(cmd)

                    )

                    #f.write(log)

                    cmd = []

                else:

                    cmd.append(x)

                chan.send(x)

    finally:

        termios.tcsetattr(sys.stdin, termios.TCSADRAIN, oldtty)

        #f.close()

# thanks to Mike Looijmans for this code

def windows_shell(chan):

    print("window chan",chan.host_to_user_obj)

    print("window chan",chan.crazyeye_account)

    import threading

    sys.stdout.write("Line-buffered terminal emulation. Press F6 or ^Z to send EOF.\r\n\r\n")

    def writeall(sock):

        while True:

            data = sock.recv()

            if not data:

                sys.stdout.write('\r\n*** EOF ***\r\n\r\n')

                sys.stdout.flush()

                break

            sys.stdout.write(data)

            sys.stdout.flush()

    writer = threading.Thread(target=writeall, args=(chan,))

    writer.start()

    try:

        while True:

            d = sys.stdin.read()

            if not d:

                break

            chan.send(d)

    except EOFError:

        # user hit ^Z or F6

        pass

interactive

三、修改上面的代码，方便个人扩展，不使用表结构

1）修改ssh_connect文件

#!/usr/bin/env python

import getpass

import os

import socket

import sys

import traceback

from paramiko.py3compat import input

import paramiko

try:

    import interactive

except ImportError:

    from . import interactive

def manual_auth(t, hostname, username, password):

    default_auth = 'p'

    auth = default_auth

    if auth == 'r':

        default_path = os.path.join(os.environ['HOME'], '.ssh', 'id_rsa')

        path = input('RSA key [%s]: ' % default_path)

        if len(path) == :

            path = default_path

        try:

            key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(path)

        except paramiko.PasswordRequiredException:

            password = getpass.getpass('RSA key password: ')

            key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(path, password)

        t.auth_publickey(username, key)

    elif auth == 'd':

        default_path = os.path.join(os.environ['HOME'], '.ssh', 'id_dsa')

        path = input('DSS key [%s]: ' % default_path)

        if len(path) == :

            path = default_path

        try:

            key = paramiko.DSSKey.from_private_key_file(path)

        except paramiko.PasswordRequiredException:

            password = getpass.getpass('DSS key password: ')

            key = paramiko.DSSKey.from_private_key_file(path, password)

        t.auth_publickey(username, key)

    else:

        t.auth_password(username, password)

def ssh_connect(hostname, port, username, password):

    hostname = hostname

    port = port

    username = username

    password = password

    try:

        sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)

        sock.connect((hostname, port))

    except Exception as e:

        print('*** Connect failed: ' + str(e))

        traceback.print_exc()

        sys.exit()

    try:

        t = paramiko.Transport(sock)

        try:

            t.start_client()

        except paramiko.SSHException:

            print('*** SSH negotiation failed.')

            sys.exit()

        try:

            keys = paramiko.util.load_host_keys(os.path.expanduser('~/.ssh/known_hosts'))

        except IOError:

            try:

                keys = paramiko.util.load_host_keys(os.path.expanduser('~/ssh/known_hosts'))

            except IOError:

                print('*** Unable to open host keys file')

                keys = {}

        key = t.get_remote_server_key()

        if hostname not in keys:

            print('*** WARNING: Unknown host key!')

        elif key.get_name() not in keys[hostname]:

            print('*** WARNING: Unknown host key!')

        elif keys[hostname][key.get_name()] != key:

            print('*** WARNING: Host key has changed!!!')

            sys.exit()

        else:

            print('*** Host key OK.')

        if not t.is_authenticated():

            manual_auth(t, hostname, username, password)

        if not t.is_authenticated():

            print('*** Authentication failed. :(')

            t.close()

            sys.exit()

        chan = t.open_session()

        chan.get_pty()

        chan.invoke_shell()

        # 获取到登录时的用户信息

        print('*** Here we go!\n')

        # 创建登录时的用户信息，时间等，写入表

        print('登录成功')

        interactive.interactive_shell(chan)

        chan.close()

        t.close()

        # 创建退出时的用户信息，时间等，写入表

        print('退出成功')

    except Exception as e:

        print('*** Caught exception: ' + str(e.__class__) + ': ' + str(e))

        traceback.print_exc()

        try:

            t.close()

        except:

            pass

        sys.exit()

if __name__ == '__main__':

    hostname = '192.168.10.13'

    port =

    username = 'root'

    password = ''

    ssh_connect(hostname, port, username, password)

2）修改命令交互接口

import socket

import sys

import time

from paramiko.py3compat import u

try:

    import termios

    import tty

    has_termios = True

except ImportError:

    has_termios = False

def interactive_shell(chan):

    if has_termios:

        posix_shell(chan)

    else:

        windows_shell(chan)

def posix_shell(chan):

    import select

    oldtty = termios.tcgetattr(sys.stdin)

    try:

        tty.setraw(sys.stdin.fileno())

        tty.setcbreak(sys.stdin.fileno())

        chan.settimeout(0.0)

        cmd = []

        #f = open('ssh_test.log','w')   # 创建操作日志文件写入，后面也可用表

        while True:

            r, w, e = select.select([chan, sys.stdin], [], [])

            if chan in r:

                try:

                    x = u(chan.recv())

                    if len(x) == :

                        sys.stdout.write('\r\n*** EOF\r\n')

                        break

                    sys.stdout.write(x)

                    sys.stdout.flush()

                except socket.timeout:

                    pass

            if sys.stdin in r:

                x = sys.stdin.read()

                if len(x) == :

                    break

                if x == '\r':

                    print('input>',''.join(cmd))

                    #log = "%s   %s\n" %(time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %X", time.gmtime()), ''.join(cmd))

                    #f.write(log)

                    # 或

                    # 记录操作日志表信息

                    cmd = []

                else:

                    cmd.append(x)

                chan.send(x)

    finally:

        termios.tcsetattr(sys.stdin, termios.TCSADRAIN, oldtty)

        #f.close()

# windows_shell 该函数没有用

def windows_shell(chan):

    print("window chan",chan.host_to_user_obj)

    print("window chan",chan.crazyeye_account)

    import threading

    sys.stdout.write("Line-buffered terminal emulation. Press F6 or ^Z to send EOF.\r\n\r\n")

    def writeall(sock):

        while True:

            data = sock.recv()

            if not data:

                sys.stdout.write('\r\n*** EOF ***\r\n\r\n')

                sys.stdout.flush()

                break

            sys.stdout.write(data)

            sys.stdout.flush()

    writer = threading.Thread(target=writeall, args=(chan,))

    writer.start()

    try:

        while True:

            d = sys.stdin.read()

            if not d:

                break

            chan.send(d)

    except EOFError:

        # user hit ^Z or F6

        pass

执行效果。python ssh_connnect.py

[root@jenkens tools]# python3 ssh_connnect.py

*** Unable to open host keys file

*** WARNING: Unknown host key!

*** Here we go!

登录成功

Last login: Thu Nov   ::  from 192.168.10.13

hello centos7

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