Mysql高级学习

一、Mysql简介

1.概述

MySQL是一个关系型数据库管理系统,由瑞典MySQL AB公司开发,目前属于Oracle公司。

MySQL是一种关联数据库管理系统,将数据保存在不同的表中,而不是将所有数据放在一个大仓库内,这样就增加了速度并提高了灵活性。

Mysql是开源的,所以你不需要支付额外的费用。

Mysql是可以定制的,采用了GPL协议,你可以修改源码来开发自己的Mysql系统。

Mysql支持大型的数据库。可以处理拥有上千万条记录的大型数据库。

MySQL使用标准的SQL数据语言形式。

Mysql可以允许于多个系统上,并且支持多种语言。这些编程语言包括C、C++、Python、Java、Perl、PHP、Eiffel、Ruby和Tcl等。

MySQL支持大型数据库,支持5000万条记录的数据仓库,32位系统表文件最大可支持4GB,64位系统支持最大的表文件为8TB。

2.Mysql高手是怎样炼成的
  • 数据库内部结构和原理
  • 数据库建模优化
  • 数据库索引建立
  • SQL语句优化
  • SQL编程
  • mysql服务器的安装配置
  • 数据库性能监控分析与系统优化
  • 各种参数常量设定
  • 主从复制
  • 分布式架构搭建、垂直切割和水平切割
  • 数据迁移
  • 容灾备份和恢复
  • shell或Python等脚本语言开发
  • 对开源数据库进行二次开发
3.Mysql配置文件
  • 二进制日志log-bin

    主从复制及备份恢复

    log-bin 中存放了所有的操作记录(写?),可以用于恢复。相当于 Redis 中的 AOF

    my.cnf中的log-bin配置(默认关闭)

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  • 错误日志log-error

    默认是关闭的,记录严重的警告和错误信息,每次启动和关闭的详细信息等

  • 慢查询日志log

    默认关闭,记录查询的sql语句,如果开启会降低mysql的整体性能,因为记录日志也是需要消耗系统资源的

  • 数据文件

    • 两系统

      • windows: ....\MySQLServer5.5\data目录下很多数据库文件
      • liunx: 默认路径:/var/lib/mysql -- 每个目录代表一个同名的库
    • Myisam存放方式

      • frm文件(framework):存放表结构
      • myd文件(data):存放表数据
      • myi文件(index):存放表索引
    • innodb存放方式

      • ibdata1

      • frm文件:存放表结构

      • 单独存放

        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" alt="graphic">

        set innodb_file_per_table=on

        create table mmm (id int(20) auto_increment ,name varchar(20),primary key(id));

        设在为 on 后 单独以 *table名.ibd* 的文件名存储

        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alt="graphic">

  • 如何配置

    • Windows:my.ini文件(配置文件)
    • /etc/my.cnf文件(配置文件)
4.Mysql逻辑架构介绍
4.1总体概述

和其它数据库相比,MySQL有点与众不同,它的架构可以在多种不同场景中应用并发挥良好作用。主要体现在存储引擎的架构上,

插件式的存储引擎架构将查询处理和其它的系统任务以及数据的存储提取相分离。这种架构可以根据业务的需求和实际需要选择合适的存储引擎。

  • 连接层

    最上层是一些客户端和连接服务,包含本地sock通信和大多数基于客户端/服务端工具实现的类似于tcp/ip的通信。主要完成一些类似于连接处理、授权认证、及相关的安全方案。在该层上引入了线程池的概念,为通过认证安全接入的客户端提供线程。同样在该层上可以实现基于SSL的安全链接。服务器也会为安全接入的每个客户端验证它所具有的操作权限。

  • 服务层

    • Management Serveices & Utilities: 系统管理和控制工具

    • SQL Interface: SQL接口

    接受用户的SQL命令,并且返回用户需要查询的结果。比如select from就是调用SQL Interface

    • Parser: 解析器

    SQL命令传递到解析器的时候会被解析器验证和解析。

    • Optimizer: 查询优化器。

    SQL语句在查询之前会使用查询优化器对查询进行优化。

    用一个例子就可以理解: select uid,name from user where gender= 1;

    优化器来决定先投影还是先过滤。

    • Cache和Buffer: 查询缓存。

    如果查询缓存有命中的查询结果,查询语句就可以直接去查询缓存中取数据。

    这个缓存机制是由一系列小缓存组成的。比如表缓存,记录缓存,key缓存,权限缓存等

    ​ 缓存是负责读,缓冲负责写。

  • 引擎层

存储引擎层,存储引擎真正的负责了MySQL中数据的存储和提取,服务器通过API与存储引擎进行通信。不同的存储引擎具有的功能不同,这样我们可以根据自己的实际需要进行选取。后面介绍MyISAM和InnoDB

  • .存储层

数据存储层,主要是将数据存储在运行于裸设备的文件系统之上,并完成与存储引擎的交互。

4.2查询说明
  • 查询流程图

  • 首先,mysql的查询流程大致是:

  • mysql客户端通过协议与mysql服务器建连接,发送查询语句,先检查查询缓存,如果命中(一模一样的sql才能命中),直接返回结果,否则进行语句解析,也就是说,在解析查询之前,服务器会先访问查询缓存(query cache)——它存储SELECT语句以及相应的查询结果集。如果某个查询结果已经位于缓存中,服务器就不会再对查询进行解析、优化、以及执行。它仅仅将缓存中的结果返回给用户即可,这将大大提高系统的性能。

  • 语法解析器和预处理:首先mysql通过关键字将SQL语句进行解析,并生成一颗对应的“解析树”。mysql解析器将使用mysql语法规则验证和解析查询;预处理器则根据一些mysql规则进一步检查解析数是否合法。

  • 查询优化器当解析树被认为是合法的了,并且由优化器将其转化成执行计划。一条查询可以有很多种执行方式,最后都返回相同的结果。优化器的作用就是找到这其中最好的执行计划。。

  • 然后,mysql默认使用的BTREE索引,并且一个大致方向是:无论怎么折腾sql,至少在目前来说,mysql最多只用到表中的一个索引

5.Mysql存儲引擎
5.1查看命令
  • 看你的mysql现在已提供什么存储引擎:
  mysql> show engines;

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awk3QVG4lhT5xdiouvsaXPh2ofxjZtPVkaOyVx5Xc/U7kzb3MQlN89rfvUdqjGWOa6513nZjvRRdu5iLu+LitlnUC3z/k5AADci8YZ0cLspeFcyp9oWffi594aE5Dh+wiU3MFHxNl5DNp6DiuYGzQ7NqDaSwBkeXK8ahsuseYiBzdhNoAbiayOo4CqsxVnl+L6a6wcy/giID5yyuNYQa6Tt0B73iEpjO2qH/pSfW79avF+vzfabSSdbV20PZ5sJ8fC7BwAAO7E4NlY7aVxH857aLkv8wLhEdzBR8TZeQzaeg4rOGVQ+BMQSz7YZRo5UK6S6F1JFwCAXw9n4/W5g4+Is/M4xdZWgIPhKIglH+wywr/PR7ZV9THck7mSLgAA94Kz8frcwUfE2XmcYmtXCABwEWQjjB/bKT7e8xNcSRcAAACAP40rBAAAAAAAALgqrhAAAAAAAADgqlgBnx2HoyCWfN5ol+rX9a5B8SvIRr9eGbyL9SPSp/66YvjFZ+8XsE/C/nq0yw/Y5VdwB7u8cQ7uvvtXY+mVeUtb7gzX5g4+Is7O4xRbW8HgoLKBp0toJG9gu37VM/5stXPBcP/cSNWn+hlsb7xC1viJ7J6eUqbaBLhs72QslsKfYDF+yLItP6g/i1KVXY4XF3YvIRA7HT33IxOQnn5v0F32EH6Q6Rqc+eNYrt93JbIwyjvW2Nnr9uXx3rHv/mam19rc/bNImkW2deeDF7iDj4iz83jxvrsPK5hwcLFhiUNj+8LRDUL75RAxF2U5WKp+U0JjgicfQN54WSbz0gG2U8+gHwfUHKMBvPoz+0gnUF0/KF8mmbRt+fTHeW1hdxOCN8TroQlIT7836H72hRhayBo9791Y1+8ksm/hHWvs7HX78njcEwyzZ9zE/VOSB217kW3d+VJdmOAOPiLOzmPQ1nNYwYSDzQYuF9/g1OzoZ5klHSC5TZB3Lj0meIrDxxsvyXRSFMmHV09PKeOAmmQigJW9iwSq54df56NXFrazNkJsx1cCH9YW6zoJm/DCc704m627Dsx4MRn4XHyz9qn6sImC55eD/ShrOM2t0EX6yvKEmUeSV2NG/3yqPmIdiUkry+2m/LBFo13PD6k8trG6aJs999zYptfn9BwWGr5t2rOrSyN2pX3P7xvzm7ZLx9ZtOnOQx6pPzy75ecOuJTGe9VgBrUM75pt26dk6MBEvW3227LLB/Bw6dPzeHM+U2VjavR72lgXafujuZztjot4nVorzezetWG0Q4v/x/Vjml+0ssq07n5LBKHfwEXF2HoO2nsMKZhysN0B1OCZH6/oFMtYaGGFjTHXjxlxuqpHQ57JpL+2qQPHGS7JKT1PW0tNrBzuZCeAYE/ZC2PND2EhmDs2fYn5h1xvkcw3J83AxUXYqLxN13bwpO8+Farxo61Svu25ba67lx9G1Vh0gy/yWvUG39w+U2g6eTbd0Keb+gh96NNv1/LChi1cn0O1zfg6C7cujqDOky/pc6yL1S58ubPS5MmqXPbb2ac+h7jPXE110/zvXjLVPIMwrrZ91zHZfbX+7tl4o59du7+H32bHLLsbn0KbWZf8a6+9ZiSLOTAxWMdEqq573bVCuh7VuNa+dc6j724OMOXH/1OtAHsu43tpIZVoGg9zBR8TZeQzaeg4rmHDwsok+URvcljP1hqgfe4GRKMbTm6ktU2wFW/pfl+k6Xn9eXTBMBnC0eXHYbvpBXkBRZa34uQSzC9t5F8deKsROae7VhcNc2Iq4l77NepoZT9tdl/Vke8o8gi59O7oXVG8ORSyJf/zLXoGd+6wfWvTajYzn2tWZ4zvmENlVd2QOxfM6dnf7/Wi7uH02aM3B6zPFp5Tp/neO97SHWtO6382Yb5fvsvXCy/HSs8suBufQY5ffW7G0c+/XffbmPlK20JxrNYeGvfbOQeuxGxlzp32ErLNql8at5qPKtAwGuYOPiLPzGLT1HFYw6+Akk4MyvgK44UzZUJ/lMm7cNL3ASKg+w6ugun9vvCTz+tRltp2u09IFNpgN4PpiOuaHNZaGLianMmkXL07lUqHtou0ULhwquU/kPpSdvb5nxmuV9WR7yloUc6xt2rwQd/Vs+yfsWdqWqd2WXXSbRGvPSfTabY3XKsuo/TbJ3jGHSLnXG7nub/ccngmZ1/ec34UJu2z22aIxh3eMl9ot/z+W2BbblDba2pMcu0SattZ+TQzEy5z/egzOoccuXRrjFbYpbR7iQNsr9dkbb6tM95eIfmiOF+jERGcOidD3Tn8/2YpDg56rPJbx9P/FfFQdLYNB7uAj4uw8Bm09hxW84GAt047WZRkZR22gkfUwcRKZRNGn1FMHhTdekoWNt/HKZE9PKbPzg53MBrDj/1E/9Hz648zYpdHGxrW2k73gOMiLQbJ+0v/Pss54us/eeJ7Pen7sle3Bae9eUD2bFbEyaesX/ODSa2fL9uqSkTkan2/1WfUxgKdDT8+eLpHVtx/1PHLZTCI0YZdNW7dx5+D1meJz1xw81j1Vvu/4+W95vPRXrvlGzGccu0R22XqQuXW7xeAceuzye3u8jG7X67M3962ylh8257AVE5Gq3Ur5kea97BwzUYwtMb60le/0yvzt/BaG/QwOd/ARcXYeg7aewwpecfBK3sCkLG2oFTEY9DiqLwmEst/18LV9hnopiLzxskzmpTdWNX5PT6WTWw4dZgNYfFNuDF0/yEZS+M/6+mpM2KU5/3Wu6bIka0/Xqy4TSz/FxSrE/iLba2+xtZYX9co1bXXJ7e1Ye8o8lvoPNbewF5h17Mk8m5Wx0vCP0a+c34t+aNBs1/VDX5eVsk6g2+f8HFacNd2z54Yuz/ZLGydmXL/v6XPYLnts3cGdQ93n0+471pjL2mcaJ7SrxuztSY5dIv4as3ovDMTL3LrdYnwObWpd9sZSc88KsdBZD+pF+2LuvTLnefZDb7yA6O/vg1v7brPtJoPtzBoOush6Cvqs9n/OvVw7MMsdfEScncegreewggkHi0M1aVPzylK5CYyVMgBysASiXNql/gNrEOU+izJbX/pP/akDZkvPqkxfAKDNbACLn4yNt/xgy20cXIpxu8glo7gQaeJFRua99Wu5tV3imjDy5ngylu5f7O5t8K4uK+HCFOrU66hX5lHuEV4bveZVubJZrWPbP0/9nPm95IcWjXYbfmjrUu6BiXyx7fU5PYcVsV1xoY6yrIPWc1MXIerj6uH4vdvnC3Zp2noPjTmoPm1/e9aYR2gXxwmPi3aihxfzHbu4dfQafCVeGn127NLmlTl0aPq9P15vz9paD0f8arH2Q3c/a8bEjn036lTqsYf2mC7VvhBtn+dY+qL0OcxxBx8RZ+cxaOs5rOCUQeFPQCz5DNpl+lIwydnj3RE5+IYu7m/kKrpIXO1NEnYh6+hil4ZhW19wDnA9envy5fbrV2KaO8P1uYOPiLPzOMXWVoCD4SiIJR/sckf+he8fro+9dx/P5Eq6vI3DE+M5XrL1ReYAF+dXJbKvwNl4fe7gI+LsPE6xtSsEAIAhZMOOHy/68YvllXQ5nvSRyGu8kzln62vNAS7Nn0lkAQCGcYUAAAAAAAAAV8UVAgAAAAAAAFwVK+Cz43AUxJLPBewy+3G0n/4YW/XrgTdjeH7rx1r5eOrP8/wl1+21Xfzq62Q8j4wHF6Gzfx4RE78f7gzX5w4+Is7O4xRbW8HgoHLxWjbe50VK/Sx1LCtIG3SvnX4eyfW8PmOb8J0j84uRngzOYiyWuv7rxZIgF4RW2eWYWGM2hj3ZCCSyXeRS+SM/kHTS/OBo5Lya+NGmaX9PjjfJj62HizNslz3755/eA169f0ZZPhsb90h4gTv4iDg7j0Fbz2EFcw7ODl2efy3tw3Mpa23IvXZBBx0MEiRRp6rPte56mKzBlNuF5IZfhPw5RgO4479eLOn4SDJpmzeZqzGxxuxcPNkIswnpbLuj6MbBcZDIwhCzZ82sv2fHm4RE1odE9mgm75/aXiLbukemujDBHXxEnJ3HoK3nsIIJB389vh8Lcqh+PJa2n9HBoayxIffaOYd0PjC8PnNAxcexXN7N4/D9SSYCuOU/z++JXtklmVhjKb4dWXjXWjZZu9EuyLrJZXpzjReq/Ef09268tp0Zb0qXwHoYpPJi3Yb9YJXXf7R/jqYuYtcsT6i9SOlS6xH9KvtYVef4+ek5PA/RhRnfhjbLHhvqL/tybFvun84c9rSbsplzGXh1nUe75Pamv7n4LOVF243xmrIunfGkfMrWuo5haz14dtmKiWiX1h4yO4fe3tNuNxlnG3Zp6rI1d6E5vmPrWNaP3d9E9NNe/YOt5B6p9kCRbd0jlQxGuYOPiLPzGLT1HFYw4+DP74/FcY+P5VCQDTg5OJa5B8Jou2aZ6FtfLI668MIrzARww39eTCTixef3bBwTa0xif0u2EC40SV5tsMu4j2jDaLO0KRfteph2xYsNht26LJT9xBgIY+jH8YL46rre0EXwD6Jal7LOWu7p9775le0DM77NNln7C7qaNefO4XOrXT2/OZutz4t5jiJz1ONoPafjM1K1j7LWeD3ZHrzxXrD1Fv56aNhlKyaC7i09j5lDHfPtdnYMeb43zlp20RS6dOceacRE005VLCxlZj/7Pci8xu+f4e6YbCaPxd6eHVOZlsEgd/ARcXYeg7aewwomHRwO7SUplY1WO3jZtAuSc7fatQKj6tPRNdbZexjBu5gMYM9/ld8Xio1CXllXZTZ+LsXEGtNzSxTzV3XT3MMFpzGOvfzodj28dp4eqWxGl4V8QZzVs0dPl4h7Qd2cu/jV2XfeOj9nzJk+pU2sky/yStacw0O+EjLQbq/NhEJvWd/l+MNovQTdf9BzIj47dbrj9WR7aI03a+sNdq2HhZdj4qg5VHZ9T5y5drHo/jfnF2WF7gstW+c9ZOA8uTTip4G5ZFupdsmmnh09e8Mgd/ARcXYeg7aewwpecXA8KHoOnm3XKpPn1cFzwKUHDmA2gB3/eTHRZI2pzQvGjzGxxuymqGRyoSkSXG2ncMlJZWpMkdt1tMe+G+2mddFtEjK/WT23aOkScS+om7o0/PrW+an9M8lm+lRt2smHM4dlvpvt9Nh7bRaQfWAtC3Fl18AoW7oUc9wZn0Vbs2dtzr0h28PUeIP7jqK5Hjy7vBITL8yhu/e8Kc5cu0S5q8vm/Bqylq2TrkX5nI+vwWCMalvJY7GH/t+z7YB/weMOPiLOzmPQ1nNYwQsO1rKWg3WdVruwKZeHdD4wnHZyWJaHCYnsNZgN4FcT2YUUS17ZjzOxxuxcWmulZyddtudC5eGNl3Q7ShfNSJ+zOH26F9Te3AMNv751fjLmSYms18eedjM2i6x++KjnOIOdQ88uuqw1d42dZ5JtjbfHNx6t8V6wdY/mevB0V/LhmJidg9eu0O09cbZ7n9gzdy2zdpV2VtbCa/9rGIzRYq7xBQn5HrTY1Np6wfUXDHIHHxFn5zFo6zms4BUHK5k42CvTdVrtgg46OY2BIzq12hWB5CRC8APMBrDjv14syUYS4ibJbPxcjYk1VsxPycwmKhfHbKelLHxkP5bJ5pr7kXbanj37asJ4z8te8SLSrC6xbuGvRZ91jNWXerxKT6PTJhu6tGSeLmWMtf360vy6lO0DYo9R36o2okPoz/TjzkG+D9ltN2+zgPQV3mVy9vNYVsy9izpHlueFrZe+5uIzEnSxOnbGS7jtduC2e9HWHfz10LDLVkwE3Vt6Ts7B2EPalbZ+Ic46uHbp6dKde8S0T1R1Uwwu9bf2s9/DYIyavS3MXfwY5r/G0tNm5XqEWe7gI+LsPAZtPYcVvObgLBMHy//hcNDEDbrXLjyXYHi2Sxu/284NpLEDCd7BbAA7/uvFklee4+iKTKwxOx8lCxelOG/7I1l5ww0oe8llSa8jd105xHZ7frV4ty6BdQ3ncj3fePnz+gwE34+t974ugt5/jN2SvLJXz68vzM+l3B8T6WI77FvVRnzo9uPNYU87eZ7aVHpsrYU4po1/4UW/HxafQphjrUtvvMRzzQzMpTHea7bu0VgPMzERH7/0q8XOHHp7z/bc4zy8OOvi26Wpy9bcI35MOLaOZdv72W9hy0+Gam+L/si2KffJfI+EF7iDj4iz8xi09RxWcMqg8Ccglnywy5HIpa94pwJuhKwV/2KA338pOqm9DO04gzPhbLw+d/ARcXYep9jaCnAwHAWx5INdAHYR3p37ze8wQcUVE1ni7CJwNl6fO/iIODuPU2ztCgEAAH6M9PFK3iW7GRdLZIkzAIBfjSsEAAAAAAAAuCquEAAAAAAAAOCqWAGfHYejIJZ8sAtYJCb4eGOi+BXWEz6GOjveW/Tc9dHbG8XLnl/VNjztfsY+epKtr/jd4dPhbLw+d/ARcXYep9jaCkYHlfrxID/6QPcIf3KhMZYtW+Bi+JMMxtKgb5/lTgwulL9oGn8e3fZpY1Vk8pPq6X9dFnn+aQSD7avJxMIOP0YyM9b5yCXz6F+TfUefZ3OHOZyOt0bfyex4R+r51xKaYdvJXn7DH2YikV0YOxvDWWzO6SyTuNJnpj03f9GZei3u4CPi7Dwm7rvjWMHsoCcdLvbQC0EUx7VlQae3GxCaDMbSkG81Ms7Gixah/ZJI6Bj1+hRZ2pzMxlUzG1+ja8wZRzbHTf1+BhJZHxLZCbrr/g3Mjneknn8toRm1XbgYksjek5mzUZ39Oja6cfW7ztRrcQcfEWfnMWrrKaxgdlBxmDlcxGGLg/Mf/9YO7ZWl8iBf0EHiBI28MhIuiI0y3pX9KQZjadC3T2Scvp9TElHEg9enyGSTSf/rsgpnk9rF63bJxHWUy3Rdu8Z0vV5ZKvfWXyDq/7mMpevI2Ol55rkniA+e8p3z3+izqctSFl4xNbLQxs7d6NLTs9lnYI3DVF7EWWqT8e1SxXDLDy/MYZ62rX09W3E+sG6asV/a+vkCgdO39JHXcqudquuOt0Gr3eY6euqSfR99+7Rh2bYZLxsxoXV5PCbnaZhdY3O6lPaq+lV9+rZe6nqx24mJvWuzmMPW3FvEdoVOxTxaejZiPrZ9z17wLqKfRnRUc833BSPvtanKYIM7+Ig4O48JW49jBbODNhLZZfNMB0DYUNOFolcWdHiWbQVNbluVzSYacAyDsTTkW00ZL73yIs68PkWWxsvx2GI2vgbtEtfK8+JiyvQc9JzMGivWUa+st/5UecsfYuNK1zCeSUAfLX/WuH0G+rokCr+buddl+/Qs2i1YO318lu3acxBKm3uynv9m5zBGy9ZtPeVxOaeFSr8OjXVf2roeX4+pn/faBRrjbeK2a9vFfZ7iRewT+lrb6zpPHN17MeHoMjXPDnUMvkkXN376tk7lo7G0V1bMoTv3Dht+7+lp5yvPQ1llq6XdIXvBu5B5jZ6p0Rb2BZHeWo4+sjaGPdzBR8TZeczYehgrmB20lcgqmXb4aFk6CLygSeXy/xI0T4w+cDKDsTTk2wVzMSrLle91POnHW+Pl/luclMgGZCw1P71W9Bz0nHrraLYssNq7vNg9kYtbtXGHPuc3M7fPQF+XzJZdirKdevb6dGjPQXDm0fPDUXMYomHrjp7POau1ouexhZ5XwrF1Yduif3UubbUTvPH2sEdPrZejS0bKvh7fj8XWL8dLKz5n59lj73iv6mLbezLps4ixnbG7UK/Tk2wt7Vp+39KzGMPG/Dv2gnchtp7QV+a/nIuFj6KsoIiJxpkKG9zBR8TZeUzaegwrmB1UbZ6JsDErp4nD0/PZMv04Iht6CJyqbA2g9mUA3stgLA35ViPjOJeUSO4jPFd1vT5FlsYrNiMPia+ZtfLqwl7nEOL6HWusVxbo619fBCPSb97Qx+bf7LOjS/B7Hk8dIFvz6+i5u0+H9hwEFZdJ1tPzhTnM07D1Hj2X/x9LW5l/aYd13k09q9hbKOamyOtVnUXSPsk328X6drw9tPTUMs8uqUwT9fxa7NV+MfbgeJlkao29qkuwz8BdI9CJXa1/otj7T7J11MX1+6aez7Mo+ETrX7Q9ai94Fw0/beLcP4fiavVxe3+GJ3fwEXF2HrO2HsIKDnTw7GYfNl7Vl5SljdkJmvyxGi+gdFs4mcFYGvVtZt0c/ER2LbMXgM142RU3z8uDX97igIWd9JtdR7Nlgb7+/YQtovXcQbvPhi7eHLRdWjaz2Ha9PnWZQ98uTgz3/DA7h5cYsHWOl/VckO8mfv5bHi/y/LHHVL+Hp7udu0MaoxhrR7tpW7X07PmvFS9KT9G/XHuJRrxoHbROni4z89T0+nynLra9J5M+C7t1Yndz7J1rc8/ce6h2ld936LnuLx+1rppRW59Ow0+bvJpgLFQxAz538BFxdh6zth7CCg50cG9D7272osNzM5ZNPV8AbdDI8zSuLVso2sLJDMbSoG+flPFSInFpdMh91WU5XqTO5mbj9L2LQbvIWil0Wee7xnWpQ7gAJTtJuyVpd9dRr6y3/nJ5W//qHQFhGe+h+nDrdGjXb+gS5vfcjyq72DhTZU09e33G59pO3ndk23Mube7Jiv5n55AIc7HjbdHye0fPWJbWcbCZsuEmxuYJa2uZfzGXsH4XmWm72a4x3iZuu55dnOfVd2RFLuvb81PZd6Bot6BjwtFFx25uPxITZs5Fn6/q0sOMu9K39Vru71lVXRsTnq17c+jOvUPRrvb7pp7BLmZ9LbJX9t3zafupj9jLxETP7mKrwg6rP8uYAZ87+Ig4O49ZWw9hBaODro4p3vFKThUnagdrh/fKUrntL9XzxvLKhEtv2ndnMJZGfZs3lDUGy4tGxMZVQDajqJeOMyHFizueKrf9ZNkeJha21UfpES4nUd799Uxth15ZKo991vbb0l/sEtuqTV/rOZTMBPw+e7qEy2Vs49klz8nESE/PZp+BNQ5zeRWP3hy07Elu2/LDC3PI9Yd90PF7J1705Tk8NuVbPG1u/Z7kC9U+H+1aybfatcbbxm23uY5SG+Nz69tc3omXjZjQutSxG+tPz9n0+aouPUJbR0/VZ91fJ3abMbF/bQ7NvYXXTo+3Gbux3Mhf23fPpuenHuIrM7dovxJVx5Y7ewF43MFHxNl5zNp6CCs4ZVD4ExBLPifZxV6M9pbB7ZEEhHcf/jByuTIXKmLiBRx7no+cKzrx/Y1wZ7g+d/ARcXYep9jaCnAwHAWx5HOSXUhkASDyL3xPeX1M0vo6l7On7On23aJfB3eG63MHHxFn53GKrV0hAPx2SGQBICMXivjxNtb+AVzHnukj3r/73VgAgClcIQAAAAAAAMBVcYUAAAAAAAAAV8UK+Ow4HAWx5HMBu+z6aPH60Tk+rnZl8BEA3AXuDNfnDj4izs7jFFtbweyg8afq9eXY+1lq88t+5U/Dx3G9XwDMMtFP9SekMZ0fO8g/wuDpwveE3sxYLIXv+Ti/pBlkW/4Lvm+UXY4D19gsv+w7srJP8OM0AAB3ZvBsjPeC4oW84v4Yz8wIL/gdwR18RJydx+x9dwgrmBxUnLq0KxLJINOXZen7+et+9d8UXIIhJS05QCKVTALH/kKfyLTu63ghqCpd4P2MxtK6GeRNQL8w0fWf9fuCtLUxdBkOXGOzkMgCAMClGDwb5UyU5EGfZfmuqO5/ocy5J8AEd/ARcXYeg7aewwrmBk0XTXkHLTtUHG0vy9n54uzGhTzX6cn89vkdWHm+OxGC9zARS8pPhS97/vt1vj1wjQVif5+LHWSzLTZcKYuyhdwuJrKf8o53KCv1CS8y2TYBZ5Mu1mY53t7kU49X6CJ9Z3lCrfuwxqO8ioG2XcI7/a12qs/Hw8bW3Pya7Tb80NOl6aOtPqfnAADwTuKeXexXHcLZ//h+LPtZce+U8yjsneUdMZ2huT1McAcfEWfnMWjrOaxgZlBpszo4XK7SpTY4v74EBgfHy1ZxgUykAOnKGomwrqfHr3SB9/NCLNkEoue/sJH8pgv5gWtMlXn2KV4MkOefsU60WdqU6z6F55habhNp/bwcz29fUR0ES7tHORf/YCj7t3Pt2UVTzr3uU7efmt9Cs13XD31dvDqBDd/OzgEA4L3IfjSaYCx7or3ryX7n3RlSmZbBIHfwEXF2HoO2nsMKJgbVF1H9WJy5XKieqH495yeqdpEiMBqJrBq/uPx6fRJob2YygKOvisv1pv8kHlRZK7YuwYFrLCD9OclIVa9T5q7HRr9SN9terUNnPD8BNYR2fXu4/XhzKGKiob9Fz71nl5fm12g3Mp4uyzhzfMccAADezuDZmPc21U5kcg54+2Uq0zIY5A4+Is7OY9DWc1jB+KByEXo6TdrHi5V1sDxPlyjP+QkvCCpZI5HN+is9RN4bD97EbAA7vh3y3+r7617Ox+3SXGP5udOfJC0tm9ky1752nITyj16XIUlSLyYk7Fr2KNrWc3GTrc05tO0c7Kl1TO16fc7Or9dua7xWWcbx0TvmAADwdtp7tove2+Sx7GP6f7tfpjItg0Hu4CPi7DwGbT2HFYwOKvXri1G4dDoOfn6srZWILnhBUMna7WWMx4cp94IN3sxsAL+ayC54MXQZDlxjudzpLyQtjTU2myRF1jX2/D/IbZ+zOLo0E1m7xguf77SLHm+rbGZ+vXa2bK8uGcdHW31WfQAAXIHGnt2i2BPl3rC0ld9EkHPA7p8L7jkCg9zBR8TZeQzaeg4rGB00OlXXT04vnK/KotPDuyJF+dKXBIbUKS6ksV0hk3HL4MmEcZdA0vU9XeDNzAaw49ue/2QjKWJDxr3TO7KdNRaet/srvw+5PNffkdX2dO272tFLZEP9x6Pykx1P6rntNYsuD9Um7Atm/Xsyq181dssu5uCRdqUtyz61Xabmt9Bs1/VDX5cVx0cbvp2dAwDAe2ns2S3M3hbOCXmhN5wV69743OuccxQmuIOPiLPzGLT1HFbwmoNXoiPlFYuqrHR6DohAHFf6tJfWLFvbP9ss2DHCRbW+rBVtAo1EGA5iNoAlfpxEtuc/W27j51IcuMZCH73+yvWSE5ZusiN9K1vatrpOZWezPnf6odwHvHWpdVLlca0HubvX+HYJSWFsV/2wmOpz61eL98dZo91G0tnWpeOjrT6n5wAA8E7ae7ZLtbfZc6ncJ3nB7gju4CPi7DwGbT2HFZwyKPwJiCUf7PJrkAPsKonelXQBADgczsbrcwcfEWfncYqtrQAHw1EQSz7Y5cr8+3xk31Qfwz2ZK+kCAPBeOBuvzx18RJydxym2doUAAH8U2Xjjx4SKjxP9BFfSBQAAAOBSuEIAAAAAAACAq+IKAQAAAAAAAK6KFfDZcTgKYskHu8AI68eL+SVEALg3nI3X5w4+Is7O4xRbW8HgoPJLmsXPTdufpW4h48TvfiX0d8D0n9WwZYE4jpZP6wLvYSyWwp9EMb7KsujbgqF4uRKsMQ/5Ezz8mBEAwF/l1bMxyvJ5FM+nSFEPJrmDj4iz8xi09RxWMOfg7NDl+dfSfv/FVgLA/t1IkRkd5NKt+5Rxl3G+vL8lOq0LHMtoAK+bQd4EQqIV/Rv83UpOd8TLpWCNeZDIAgD8ZSbPRvtiaziPpC+dVDhnHkxwBx8RZ+cxaOs5rGDCwV+P78eCXHY/Hkvbz+Rgx6Ghvk5IpI65ZFd1atKlV96xywHU1aVsD2cwEcDK98WfG+nFxI54uRZ/c41Jf+EwCCidpc8sTyh99TvHlc7RlqKDqRPezW+1U30+HtYW0uez7f7kutFOxlr6/8z6GH91dNE2ex6UsU2vz+k5AAD8FLNnozmj5DwK+2p57vFi6RHcwUfE2XkM2noOK5hx8Of3x+K4x8dyYZZLWHLwUl4kI/F5cSHzLtnxYtcOBNFx7Sdc9NIlekMXOJuZAI6+tclF9G2RjCQ24+Vq/ME1Vm32S/+P0p/+5v/UQ57buabyZmxEijk4fer25Rhl3R7NdtHWqY8RXbw6gW6f83MAAPg5ZK8aPxvDGZT2zXQeaZmuv3VWwQZ38BFxdh6Dtp7DCiYdLBerpd1DLk/aiYWTnQu1K0vy5zsKRaDoS7F+vKULnMxkAIvP1CVdywoKv3bi5XL8wTUW+ujP2U1k9dhCNZbYckeSpm3k9dkqW/ATbEOv3ch4uizjzPEdcwAA+FEmz0bdTmRyRnh7aSrTMhjkDj4izs5j0NZzWMErDo6XrcKJclle+7PvGjzLy0tXzdp3uoiV/Zhxu7rAuQzGUsaJiexbJWtSxsv1GLTLXdZYSLBS4lzP3022pI32exUHbVuGOXiJeq/PQkfF1vx67bbGa5VllK2T7B1zAAD4Udr7uYve9+Sx7HH6f7uXpjItg0Hu4CPi7DwGbT2HFbzgYC1TTlwvqB9Lv+YyFthzyV7IfYp+9SUtXIAJqIsxG8CvJrILl/Y7a8zrp5nIat2rsRq29Nql8bbK7Pz20Gtny/bqkln9MZTIVn0AAFydV87G+IJu+s0Gu7cuuGcMDHIHHxFn5zFo6zms4BUHK5m+bAZHy2W4dPaKc8mW+tVlNb1bFINI65d02KMLnMhsADsx4fk20Y0XVe8y/ME1towXPoYcn8tGb9t4sqRXSuLK736mcseWwR7POZffPa371HOqxljmV784UNNsJ7pomxU27OuyUtYJdPucnwMAwM/R2M9bmH0vnCFyDoZzZN03n/ugc67BBHfwEXF2HoO2nsMKXnNwlhUX0tXRrixcviO6H+lDl6W23ngpcOQVkk1d4DxmA1j86SSyOh4Cqk4rXi7J31xjefMPtBJupzwkpVFe6dW2ZUgKY7vqx8NUn1u/Wrw/lhrtNpLOti7aHk+2k2Nhdg4AAD9Fez93qfa9uGfm/a7cQ3kx7wju4CPi7DwGbT2HFbxjUOkT5/49TgngXwhr7FLIIXWVRO9KugAAnAp3hutzBx8RZ+dxiq2t4A2DhnccvHdg4N6wWfiwxn6af5+PbP/qY7gncyVdAAB+Du4M1+cOPiLOzuMUW7vCw0gf7+OdIoD3wBqbQTbX+FGg4iNDP8GVdAEAAAD4NbhCAAAAAAAAgKviCgEAAAAAAACuihXw2XE4CmLJ54fsUv3y3kX5LXrCCawfu+Zj8wB/Ae4M1+cOPiLOzuMUW1vB6KBSP36/SxF+sEQupEaeL6i2TF9cR9oJ1a98xp/CVn3qP8VRIHVm9YQNBmMp2rq4tIrsdj9xfuAac+s3EFueEL/yZ3Ze+sGivXpW8WJ/Er+D+pM3gWK8RpwVsXgsL9sMAODXc+CdwTtHdFlrL++VwcIdfEScncfofXcKKxgdVOobByc8B7fK5Hn61dWRdnH84hIY6iwXw+bfqjTzGxlPnvPrsDuZ2ywqe4fFbuPM8eOv4cA1NkIvzg/k7EQ2HwbL86/FrtuHgxM7kthuxVmOxVR2HCSyAAAH3hnkf3uO6LLWXt4rg4U7+Ig4O49BW89hBaODSv0DEtmF/KcnBtvZgEiXQumv1uvFRHYh66lk4DGxWXw9vh86npJvnT8v83sv/weuMVUeNtqFwibqncfHw8Zyp13S8XNpE8tT2+LTDbo/8VWSZ7TPZvVskONlHePjEfUNe0Fnnaf/k1zTi7MUi6psL9LH0yZKry2bKbvUOk/4SJiOiR6NdjLW0v9n1sf4pKOLtlkR+1t9Ts8BAH6WuKftPRvzGaD2iLRPe/u8Lmvt5b0yWLiDj4iz8xi09RxWMDqo1DcXjYTn4E5ZuLi0AiNRla3jPy8rT31yf7mu8Hoi6/cLNYOxlGytbS6PWzGRyrTsV3DgGlsoX1jRdct2IblRNmy3ez6vbG7w1oLIvORhVs8mMSY+lvEeH8u6ljYqJsrx1udhjJg8eTp242w23sJ4JqF/lGP4NqvtUtaZ8VHf1uUYZd0ezXbR1qmPEV28OoFun/NzAICfRtbrCXeG9L8us3W8Mli4g4+Is/MYtPUcVjA6qNRfLiDx1e+VeGkTRxXyheS4Lef32hVlRld9aawukEIjkS36XNijp5aBw+RmodslW9/KDweuMSfGc1Jky7QNe+3C83XMzQTA8UvZT2RWzx6pnrRf7PmQvnRMFP3Iutfjy3Nlz1TPGzv1qfseIcyv7+9dNqvGn/BRz9a2bMHVy9JrNzKeLss4c3zHHADgAgyejXntq3YiS/u13U90WWsv75XBwh18RJydx6Ct57CC0UGlfuMy5Tm4UyYXjmZgJGyZPFcXl9xHeO7pxjuy5zEYS9rW8jjFQismUpmW/QoOXGPh4q4SsoTYRcrsWknPe+1C/baOIf51G2d9+EmZapPY0rNHrqfsU8TEc6331+zaPujsjZ36LPoepJh/bdemzbp2mfBRr8+ej1J9j167rfFaZRkn9t8xBwC4AO09zUWvfXms92lvP7F1dJmt45XBwh18RJydx6Ct57CC0UGl/jGJbP5I2Gy7qIu9xJQXxNcT2fKja9Dmhc0i+Sl95zFcUO/yTsuBa8xe6m1Z752rVrtAQ8den5FdSZkt2+jTxasnMnU4rLp8tO2XSO2sLgt5PqbvaRy9mzazdinGn/DRVtkeu1t67WzZXl0yTuxv9Vn1AQC/g8GzsdgzzJ3B209Elspae3mvDBbu4CPi7DwGbT2HFYwOKvUPSGTlebrUjLRLstB2T5K6p06nLI+l6kCDVzaL9XL/fDdljbPnZd/x46/hwDW2UL2wsthxrVu2k3ravu12QkNHk3zYPoXgN2eDntWziYmXLNNjB33lBS21ZkVW6LeOv+qmH0uZijPb916W8cLHnuNzzz6+zWq7FPab8lHf1m0f9Wm2E120jwqf9XVZKesEun3OzwEAfprGntbCrP3yzlDfEfLeIO1ae3mvDBbu4CPi7DwGbT2HFYwOKvXNRSMhjgqXSE28YNkyezHRZQHVTtcNrDqEP71Rldkgq4NuWk/Y4LXNYvXVYvO82OPzyO+9nB64xlR5jlG9OYakJtpr4xdqy021rWNIOJp9CtpPKoGc1rOBtxeIrJqHGSvVS3pYXUyc5aTItknYvh3ywRfQNkk0bKbsUttk0kfTMdGj0W4j6WzrUvogEdbAVp/TcwCAn6W9p7lUaz/uG3r/SfuAlvf28h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alt="graphic">

  • 看你的mysql当前默认的存储引擎:
mysql> show variables like '%storage_engine%';

aaarticlea/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZoAAACnCAYAAAAolZqkAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsMAAA7DAcdvqGQAABR9SURBVHhe7Z3rkau6tkZ3GDcP/znBOBhX3VCIxSHsOhF0FPcHVw8EekwJIZDBeFTXqNWNXlOPOT8ksNc///777/g///vf8Z9//gEAADgehAYAALqC0AAAQFcQGgAA6ApCAwAAXbmS0Dxe7/Hv78/yfo0PIc+hPF7j+xPtfITH+Hr/jcNTShMo9P3T81DXntC/W83fL7Nx7cL3cckdzXNAaHpT0/dPzYNja3td508Hv/f4enjXdHuTILYERS2o79dDTIODqJojYW6hLwjNBwPplUBoVoiDkXfX3dguQtOb2jlCaD5OSWjeajLs3cEwDoO9S1gc5TkOf9FkeYEiOA6J8+lFMKUNgxBchIBj6hueS54NZG2ZFuNr6lvJzsWe3CIVxiMhM2ZTv56zHX57jqndl8of5fH7F9/FZeuM+560p8gGfuvQrl4/eBbnfY1Me9n+BcFksikon7dznXiebV2lIJbtu+7XfN0xjE9XVlxnjskOYd6L68WrM/Wx1nHJlIvXUsGPYlvW5jZbp2jL+hwtZeP6oCtFoTHOYCfPTGQUCPRC9xep/nueZN+RdB2DK+cthqlM4iSrAWfDIinZMjmAs8XUP4tZaqfr69xPk28iaUcmLivWpQht0Vh7pHHx06W6HEGdUd/9/s1k5iHM67VbnPcKMu1ZhP7p9kx+mxbbn7XTy7OJaczmoOj+1mNa0Xc9/skYR3al82DT8+NiWVu7fvnWcSnP+1LHFlukPIZineu2iHM0lYUTKO9o7ILQkzpPmr9IgsCg79YnRzOTmxEDk+Y5pBRcigFHYxeWEZ21BdRqi5Q2tbUEDG+H4qUXCfJ5YxaTjIHgjAFr6YrK/on5HXE5xTwepbGuQWpvJhOM3mq3ra4vQcdLy9npXWvC1B0FzIq+i+3HdibzUDGvmrW5zaUpqsalVG5Le+IcZ+Z2Tx9MnmiO4Dx2CY0XaPVEBw7iJtrgOWBch7TwxMXoYxdmldBoWmypSVP/DmoLrhd4lbMaPHHRdXr2mzGc7VT47Zs+lwKZHJCydZb6V7qmy/n1OVw/gvRy4E2Q2pvJBSMlMmpcgqMoLy1rZwuuTmOjnkdb52zTSt/FNaLLFOchP+9Nc9s6LqVya+3l0mYyc1uqs2SL/t3kFeYIzmGf0DjneYpBbiZZJCt3OOJi9B1rYwDziW3x21mzc3ZGKxb63Pz1UL+r6/MYufwFXN6gzOq4NAhNqc5i/7xrgQ2KeMxKSOVLFPOXg5Eey8D+LXY2oNsT7+YdQl+yQlOch8y8S+Vce2tpLeNSKhen1doy0yA0SR0pq3MEn2Ov0NhJ1MHfm0h1bfAcygjE7DzhojIBQqwzXBhhHRso2RL3J3CC1M4lSNg012fThy0LWbczDMvORhP1OR2XTMAJ0gVnzdVp0nL9m4jKO5K8qj9ufeTnvYJMe5ZM/+YxsnevfnrWTvf3Dua6nc0VfZfHo7TOXPq60OhypbXrr6XWccmWC+bBXq+1xbI2t4qgzro+zHmisYIT2C000yIRncoIkCaaZDPxNk1860xhFqRUtoGsLSuL2bczttEPGuZ3oQ95pi19NGZLn6VxyQQc73jAJ3Bsd82vc+p78a0zhTwP05xP9fr9KM57BWl7hf5J8+fSzLW8nftZ7HIBb73vfl+ideiuJ/OQm/eV9eLVKa+lpWz9uGTKSfNQZcvGud3ch3SO4CRKQlOHnfDFuTeSLCAAOBTtY4eK7A6uZAt8jt1CY+5Wtt+5ziA0AIfzMM8P7e9653PmHf2VbIGT2CM0buvevJvRIDQAHfCOlqr8Sz7Gcuzy8c22wO3Yf3QGAABQAKEBAICuIDQAANAVhAYAALqC0AAAQFe+RWj8D0gCAMAX8U07muWT16WvYskwfTp532uaAACwme88OvPey6/d5SA0AADncD2h8b/DKLdzaRAaAAA4h585OgMAgHP4mZcBODoDADiH73xG04D+TrU9X/4JAABt/IrQ8K2xAAAn8TM7GgAAOAeEBgAAuoLQAABAVxAaAADoCkIDAABdQWgAAKArCA0AAHSlTmj0d4vxtS/wjfzy2sVv4SIgNHBvEBr8Fk4HoYF7g9Dgt3A6JaFZvi054v0aHyaPXsjuerygSSPtvLRfXrulvi9lAT4IOxq4N7+8dvFbuAgIDdwbhAa/hdNBaODeIDT4LZxOndAAAAA0gtAAAEBXEBoAAOgKQgMAAF1BaAAAoCt1QnOlt1e0LX/j8JTSBB6v8T1/SC8k+GBbJg98O59Zu9dcS7x1Bhehi9Do4P43jE/v2nP4G9+vR5jvExSEZuY5IDS35cNr91JrCaGBi9BnR/Mch+DrMnT5DbuQI0FofpwPr12EBiCl19FZcBcY3SXqtPwxw9TWSzlslMc/nogdP1vnJDQvly4FgWxwsEHG1Vt1Vxu3F30/lWinKfNWY6SvD+Mw5Qnba7AFFJ9cuwppLU1rYr6W5Ok1t9v7DtCFbs9otDMNz+V3ySkVRjxcPsPkdJn8Lr10hxnUaQLFkj8IIo6MfWHe9XYNUXtp/xbmtDmY2TZMm5FNTbaAQo/Vp9auQsq/IjT95rah7wA96CY0c/C0DpkEd0fimGuOVuGIfp2eHXNabXDwyymK/XBI7cV1x2leINJBx/TNu9ZsCyg+uXYz1/y5jPN0nVuEBi5CN6GZy6TCoB1pPn7QBI651lZanyZbZ8nJS9dMAPDqc2R2JzMr7Yl2emXyQuOVcazZAopPrl1Fk9B49TkOmduWvgN0oJ/QuKCpH656d2zGsUp3/Gttpc5frFNKaznuqCUut2aLTvPKZIXGrxM28Mm1m7kWz1+8JrrNLUIDF6Gn0FiHeo9vP7BHzqodOnTM/UIT1GnSlvw6LTmWiMo7kryqP0G7EnHgiIOKZKdXRl9LhGa6vtkWUHxy7aZ5LOGbbHG5fnOL0MBF6Co0xunSwG4cbToiGIb4DjDXlnbWpdxc3hOQ+Zpf5xSwi2+dKZbyfpCwoubqrTrOiAQiEBqFaKdXRqdLQtNkCyg+uXbjPMta8o/c5DW/1Hvc3Db2HeBougoNwOn88trFb+EiIDRwbxAa/BZOp05oYEE+wnPw3AQAIAKhAQCAriA0AADQFYQGAAC6gtAAAEBXEBoAAOhKndDwmiR8K7zejN/C6SA0cG8QGvwWTgehgXuD0OC3cDoloUm+Et0xf0+TXsjuerygSSPtvLRfXrulvi9lAT4IOxq4N7+8dvFbuAgIDdwbhAa/hdNBaODePMb/+89/IEIeK4BO1AkNwPciBdpfRxongG4gNHB3pED760jjBNANhAbuDgHWwjjAaSA0cHcIsBbGAU4DoYG7Q4C1MA5wGnVCs/Ots+fgfVCujuVDZ/vedgs+vLbRBuiBXkuf/J9Iw7fO5Dx3JfTb3x0HOJ1rCo3+75KH8SmmNVKwQYvR+/VIru+hR53QwlahsUI435z0vkHR6zLXVpym2CbQCA1chEsKzeM1vhEaOITWHU2Hmx2JeF0acZnaTdastmmLHyI0cBG6CY0Ri+kubIgdJrxrXAJyeN2ytPscvOt+fbqt2FmD9grXgrY0dcElOJLznX+tTm9cEnvcOL+8OqY82b5rmsZ6jUy5aaxfsz3RuijY4o9ZcGe+VmdzHzQHCk3Jzg3jEsyPsC71XJs+ZtLqdzXTeprsaBsHgAPoIzQ2MDiHMEHSc5jZkYS8BuOU5YBvgtbwtH9PTl5yXvHaxObdR2Kf6sMQ1i3XmY5LmMem5+x0BH3fO9YZsuWmgOnq2GKLlMdQrLO9D5aDhSZn58ZxmfsjrMu5bJLGjga+lC5CEwdi32HiNIV2rCDgCnkS4jp9h5RERbo2kbS/hrGvPB5indK4eAG1OoiWxrOUpqjqa6nclvbEMRf62KMPM0cLTUPfpTQ379IYuXT9r94BzUT2rILQwEXoJjS+8yRO5zvPhB9wY8ec0AEmKOPXmWuvdG1iW+CaCPqRjo1Y56qd+XFu6ntgo0cgbgKlcmvt5dJmMkJTqjNni8tf5Pijs6ydLWnCGJm5dkITpGmb4l1wCYQGLsIpO5rIsRLi8tK1WkcuXZtoEhofoe6s0MR9CAJmZpzX+r5nrCVK5eK0WltmGoQmqWMLFxGa3LwLYzQfrQlpQdlVEBq4COc/o1Eo5ykepQjXwjrDs+u4Pam8z3wHKaSJqLoGz36pvFxnOi6hGGXGudj3nWOdIVtO2+KPbRAMy7ZYwjyGYp3tfbBcQGiEcZn7E/XV/O3ajdMUyVgUCddT2zgAHEAfoVGY4KgCjWLtTagkIJuyqSiYwJWp0wT2TFpaPq7bHknIaTJ+e3KZTJ3euKQ25se51PddY50lU64YUKf0qUxoiz8eC+vipWntg2ar0ERtaZwtJTs3jEtwXeeT2pLSNBv7jtDAJegmNHAOOjhtCkYduYQtrTuaO4DQwEVAaL6fx2uY52bb0crxXMkWC0KD0MDp1AnNryEf8zjqnw98Ch1QJvv8o5csPfu31Zb+EGAtjAOcBkIDd4cAa2Ec4DQQGrg7BFgL4wCnwTOaq2GPnq53PPet8IyGZzRwOmcJjX49+PwHxXB/Dny9uQcbX2/edgOC0MBFQGjg3rTuaPQLE3WfqdqFFpNEXKZ24zRj0xY/RGjgIvQSmvADjV5Z4S5t8wca+Rr9aC5a+/ALHCg0pXnYMO/B+kvExHstPJNWv6sJ/bZtHAAOoIvQGKfynVSV52v0w3xTHWlfBBuKdbb34Tc4WGhy87Bx3uf5EsRkLsuOBu5CP6Ep59fOFIqIwpTznFs7mhdQq4Oo76BSnbk0hWhXTKnclvaSQKIR+tijDz/D0ULTMLdSmlvX0hpw6fpfvQOaiexZBaGBi9DtGY1xLucgadms0PhOlzhh3g5dX+CUvpPn6gxs9AjETaBUbq29XNpMRmhKdeZscfl/muOPzrLz0JImrAGzlp3QBGnapniXXwKhgYvwkZcBMs4kCk3uzs+QsUMq59pbS4vsqqJULk6rtWWmQWiSOmDhIkKTW9fCGpiP1oS0oOwqCA1chF5HZ3yN/nK91hZLmMdQrLO9D7/BBYRGmPd5vqK5NH+7duM0RTLXRUJ/aRsHgAPotaMJj7IihzXYY4Ak3YjGdD1yspIdJmhP5fga/do+/AJbhSYaS40b69I8bJj34LrOJ7UlpWk2zW3oL9vGAeBAPnJ0diW0814lEF/JltvSuqO5AwgNXIRfEBq+Rv+XQWgQGjidOqH5drTDTUcP/tFEFvkYy7Hv+cdWW2AvBFgL4wCn8RtCA78MAdbCOMBpIDRwdwiwFsYBTgOhgbtDgLUwDnAaCA3cHQKshXGA00Bo4O4QYC2MA5xGndB89+vN8MvwejOvN8PpIDRwbxAahAZOB6GBe4PQIDRwOiWhCb+vzGP+oKFeyO56LESkkXZemr92/QALlmX8AD4AOxq4N+GOBizyWAF0AqGBe4PQSMhjBdAJhAbuzS+vXfwWLkKd0AAAADSC0AAAQFcQGgAA6ApCAwAAXUFoAACgK78jNPoNnL3/O+YFeLzG998wPqW023KTuQP4VdaEJvx2gF8LcH3QY/p+PcS0NZ7Dn1DWBmI3T/UBuVSutc5OaIHlv74G+E6KQqOde3jOfxvRwdl30y40z3EQxD4UH52n7rMTpXKtdfZDCx+fCQH4SrYdncmBTmYKDK9hviueRcoc/0TXsoFkCXLh7qo+6Pjlgjvz6S75pYLqnjrL37/lBeynNxYzG3aJunwi9Omc1AlZqVxrnY3jIqRJOyh5NwcAl2eT0IiBLscUOJL89roLJH7w0L8nAcY9k3D/zmmqnqHWFk3YrmESPHfNBElvB5dlxZYwIKbt1gbtGNG+SSyDcdDztNaPUrk9dTaOSywiz1fUvqJ6fgDgWtQLjb7LFYQgixDYNXEw8gLYEoCXXUwQ/DbsOFIEeyRbaoS0ZEsSbFNh2SM0STlns2l36l9NP0rlWutsHRchTUTbgNAAfB91QmOD9LbgqMsIQUcHFT9g+QHMpal/B1VWtxcEVxOQ3PHKVtHJCE3OljVytgTXPbwAuUdokkAb90FTE5BL5Vrr1LSMi9SegNh/ALg+60LTIjKagtBkdjTu2YB+rvN6qN/VdfE4zZWrFQXDwULj45erCJqtQiPb1/o8pVSutc6I2nGJ10SG+HgNAL6EstC0iowmIzRRwJfO7d0Dcp02PyxXwWjw7Nh+d3ug0KzYkgREVa/f7nbbHakAaML2dJ5o3E0gTwW7VG61Tokd4xKnpc9ocusJAC5PUWh04I2POiruPC2FwDAFPlNfFNj94GR+99LN35vt0EHSlVkwAa5VaBRlW5xgTiSi4ttU2w9LEqwNYXuxoOSEplxupc4M7eNS0YfKuQGAi1H/MgBcAiMa28Tp+7EiVCt2AHAxEBoAAOgKQgMAAF1BaAAAoCsIDQAAdAWhAQCAriA0AADQFYQGAAC6gtAAAEBXEBoAAOgKQgMAAF1BaAAAoCsIDQAAdAWhAQCAriA0AADQFYQGAAC6gtAAAEBXEBoAAOgKQgMAAF25vdCUfqT8AABwLFcSmsfrPf79/Vner/Eh5NlM6UfKDwAAx3LJHc1zQGgAAO4CQgMAAF0pCc37/R7f5ihrGIfBHmm9X48p/TkOf+/x9fDKeAIRHIPF+R6vqd4/Va8gKoLQmPqG55KnltKPlB8AAI6lKDRKYJ7/PMbXexKYSACeSnwW4bF/D0/1uxESXdbVpeoYXDlbn8k3lakRGs0iXpFwlSj9SPkBAOBYyjsaG+wDAfEFIBAEvcOZxMUITUYMYhGSRCUjNAtWrIzorO1ySj9SfgAAOJZdQuMdnyVHW0ZQJjHwRacoVoVrAQgNAMDXsE9orMC8X8/gOCzBF44dOxqOzgAAvpC9QrPsXDzxUNcG79lNuNupeEYTi5Ei2THVUvqR8gMAwLHsFhp3jBWJwLL7iERIM4uTqld660xhBEgqu5XSj5QfAACOpSQ0dYQ7lM2sPo/ZSelHyg8AAMeyW2iEY65NIDQAADfmn/H/Ac/7xtre8yzPAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" alt="graphic">

5.2各種引擎簡介
  • InnoDB存储引擎

InnoDB是MySQL的默认事务型引擎,它被设计用来处理大量的短期(short-lived)事务。除非有非常特别的原因需要使用其他的存储引擎,否则应该优先考虑InnoDB引擎。行级锁,适合高并发情况

  • MyISAM存储引擎

MyISAM提供了大量的特性,包括全文索引、压缩、空间函数(GIS)等,但MyISAM不支持事务和行级锁(myisam改表时会将整个表全锁住),有一个毫无疑问的缺陷就是崩溃后无法安全恢复。

  • Archive引擎

Archive存储引擎只支持INSERT和SELECT操作,在MySQL5.1之前不支持索引。

Archive表适合日志和数据采集类应用。适合低访问量大数据等情况。

根据英文的测试结论来看,Archive表比MyISAM表要小大约75%,比支持事务处理的InnoDB表小大约83%。

  • Blackhole引擎

Blackhole引擎没有实现任何存储机制,它会丢弃所有插入的数据,不做任何保存。但服务器会记录Blackhole表的日志,所以可以用于复制数据到备库,或者简单地记录到日志。但这种应用方式会碰到很多问题,因此并不推荐。

5.3MyISAM和InnoDB
对比项 MyISAM InnoDB
主外键 不支持 支持
事务 不支持 支持
行表锁 表锁,即使操作一条记录也会锁住整个表,不适合高并发的操作 行锁,操作时只锁某一行,不对其它行有影响,****适合高并发的操作
缓存 只缓存索引,不缓存真实数据 不仅缓存索引还要缓存真实数据,对内存要求较高,而且内存大小对性能有决定性的影响
表空间
关注点 性能 事务
默认安装 Y Y
用户表默认使用 N Y
自带系统表使用 Y N

innodb 索引 使用 B+TREE myisam 索引使用 b-tree

innodb 主键为聚簇索引,基于聚簇索引的增删改查效率非常高。

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