Storm 学习之路（八）—— Storm集成HDFS和HBase

一、Storm集成HDFS

1.1 项目结构

本用例源码下载地址：storm-hdfs-integration

1.2 项目主要依赖

项目主要依赖如下，有两个地方需要注意：

这里由于我服务器上安装的是CDH版本的Hadoop，在导入依赖时引入的也是CDH版本的依赖，需要使用<repository>标签指定CDH的仓库地址；
hadoop-common、hadoop-client、hadoop-hdfs均需要排除slf4j-log4j12依赖，原因是storm-core中已经有该依赖，不排除的话有JAR包冲突的风险；

<properties>
    <storm.version>1.2.2</storm.version>
</properties>

<repositories>
    <repository>
        <id>cloudera</id>
        <url>https://repository.cloudera.com/artifactory/cloudera-repos/</url>
    </repository>
</repositories>

<dependencies>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.storm</groupId>
        <artifactId>storm-core</artifactId>
        <version>${storm.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--Storm整合HDFS依赖-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.storm</groupId>
        <artifactId>storm-hdfs</artifactId>
        <version>${storm.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.hadoop</groupId>
        <artifactId>hadoop-common</artifactId>
        <version>2.6.0-cdh5.15.2</version>
        <exclusions>
            <exclusion>
                <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
                <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
            </exclusion>
        </exclusions>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.hadoop</groupId>
        <artifactId>hadoop-client</artifactId>
        <version>2.6.0-cdh5.15.2</version>
        <exclusions>
            <exclusion>
                <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
                <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
            </exclusion>
        </exclusions>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.hadoop</groupId>
        <artifactId>hadoop-hdfs</artifactId>
        <version>2.6.0-cdh5.15.2</version>
        <exclusions>
            <exclusion>
                <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
                <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
            </exclusion>
        </exclusions>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

1.3 DataSourceSpout

/**
 * 产生词频样本的数据源
 */
public class DataSourceSpout extends BaseRichSpout {

    private List<String> list = Arrays.asList("Spark", "Hadoop", "HBase", "Storm", "Flink", "Hive");

    private SpoutOutputCollector spoutOutputCollector;

    @Override
    public void open(Map map, TopologyContext topologyContext, SpoutOutputCollector spoutOutputCollector) {
        this.spoutOutputCollector = spoutOutputCollector;
    }

    @Override
    public void nextTuple() {
        // 模拟产生数据
        String lineData = productData();
        spoutOutputCollector.emit(new Values(lineData));
        Utils.sleep(1000);
    }

    @Override
    public void declareOutputFields(OutputFieldsDeclarer outputFieldsDeclarer) {
        outputFieldsDeclarer.declare(new Fields("line"));
    }

    /**
     * 模拟数据
     */
    private String productData() {
        Collections.shuffle(list);
        Random random = new Random();
        int endIndex = random.nextInt(list.size()) % (list.size()) + 1;
        return StringUtils.join(list.toArray(), "\t", 0, endIndex);
    }

}

产生的模拟数据格式如下：

Spark	HBase
Hive	Flink	Storm	Hadoop	HBase	Spark
Flink
HBase	Storm
HBase	Hadoop	Hive	Flink
HBase	Flink	Hive	Storm
Hive	Flink	Hadoop
HBase	Hive
Hadoop	Spark	HBase	Storm

1.4 将数据存储到HDFS

这里HDFS的地址和数据存储路径均使用了硬编码，在实际开发中可以通过外部传参指定，这样程序更为灵活。

public class DataToHdfsApp {

    private static final String DATA_SOURCE_SPOUT = "dataSourceSpout";
    private static final String HDFS_BOLT = "hdfsBolt";

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        // 指定Hadoop的用户名 如果不指定,则在HDFS创建目录时候有可能抛出无权限的异常(RemoteException: Permission denied)
        System.setProperty("HADOOP_USER_NAME", "root");

        // 定义输出字段(Field)之间的分隔符
        RecordFormat format = new DelimitedRecordFormat()
                .withFieldDelimiter("|");

        // 同步策略: 每100个tuples之后就会把数据从缓存刷新到HDFS中
        SyncPolicy syncPolicy = new CountSyncPolicy(100);

        // 文件策略: 每个文件大小上限1M,超过限定时,创建新文件并继续写入
        FileRotationPolicy rotationPolicy = new FileSizeRotationPolicy(1.0f, Units.MB);

        // 定义存储路径
        FileNameFormat fileNameFormat = new DefaultFileNameFormat()
                .withPath("/storm-hdfs/");

        // 定义HdfsBolt
        HdfsBolt hdfsBolt = new HdfsBolt()
                .withFsUrl("hdfs://hadoop001:8020")
                .withFileNameFormat(fileNameFormat)
                .withRecordFormat(format)
                .withRotationPolicy(rotationPolicy)
                .withSyncPolicy(syncPolicy);

        // 构建Topology
        TopologyBuilder builder = new TopologyBuilder();
        builder.setSpout(DATA_SOURCE_SPOUT, new DataSourceSpout());
        // save to HDFS
        builder.setBolt(HDFS_BOLT, hdfsBolt, 1).shuffleGrouping(DATA_SOURCE_SPOUT);

        // 如果外部传参cluster则代表线上环境启动,否则代表本地启动
        if (args.length > 0 && args[0].equals("cluster")) {
            try {
                StormSubmitter.submitTopology("ClusterDataToHdfsApp", new Config(), builder.createTopology());
            } catch (AlreadyAliveException | InvalidTopologyException | AuthorizationException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        } else {
            LocalCluster cluster = new LocalCluster();
            cluster.submitTopology("LocalDataToHdfsApp",
                    new Config(), builder.createTopology());
        }
    }
}

1.5 启动测试

可以用直接使用本地模式运行，也可以打包后提交到服务器集群运行。本仓库提供的源码默认采用maven-shade-plugin进行打包，打包命令如下：

# mvn clean package -D maven.test.skip=true

运行后，数据会存储到HDFS的/storm-hdfs目录下。使用以下命令可以查看目录内容：

# 查看目录内容
hadoop fs -ls /storm-hdfs
# 监听文内容变化
hadoop fs -tail -f /strom-hdfs/文件名

二、Storm集成HBase

2.1 项目结构

集成用例：进行词频统计并将最后的结果存储到HBase，项目主要结构如下：

本用例源码下载地址：storm-hbase-integration

2.2 项目主要依赖

 <properties>
        <storm.version>1.2.2</storm.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.storm</groupId>
            <artifactId>storm-core</artifactId>
            <version>${storm.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--Storm整合HBase依赖-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.storm</groupId>
            <artifactId>storm-hbase</artifactId>
            <version>${storm.version}</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

2.3 DataSourceSpout

/**
 * 产生词频样本的数据源
 */
public class DataSourceSpout extends BaseRichSpout {

    private List<String> list = Arrays.asList("Spark", "Hadoop", "HBase", "Storm", "Flink", "Hive");

    private SpoutOutputCollector spoutOutputCollector;

    @Override
    public void open(Map map, TopologyContext topologyContext, SpoutOutputCollector spoutOutputCollector) {
        this.spoutOutputCollector = spoutOutputCollector;
    }

    @Override
    public void nextTuple() {
        // 模拟产生数据
        String lineData = productData();
        spoutOutputCollector.emit(new Values(lineData));
        Utils.sleep(1000);
    }

    @Override
    public void declareOutputFields(OutputFieldsDeclarer outputFieldsDeclarer) {
        outputFieldsDeclarer.declare(new Fields("line"));
    }

    /**
     * 模拟数据
     */
    private String productData() {
        Collections.shuffle(list);
        Random random = new Random();
        int endIndex = random.nextInt(list.size()) % (list.size()) + 1;
        return StringUtils.join(list.toArray(), "\t", 0, endIndex);
    }

}

产生的模拟数据格式如下：

Spark	HBase
Hive	Flink	Storm	Hadoop	HBase	Spark
Flink
HBase	Storm
HBase	Hadoop	Hive	Flink
HBase	Flink	Hive	Storm
Hive	Flink	Hadoop
HBase	Hive
Hadoop	Spark	HBase	Storm

2.4 SplitBolt

/**
 * 将每行数据按照指定分隔符进行拆分
 */
public class SplitBolt extends BaseRichBolt {

    private OutputCollector collector;

    @Override
    public void prepare(Map stormConf, TopologyContext context, OutputCollector collector) {
        this.collector = collector;
    }

    @Override
    public void execute(Tuple input) {
        String line = input.getStringByField("line");
        String[] words = line.split("\t");
        for (String word : words) {
            collector.emit(tuple(word, 1));
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void declareOutputFields(OutputFieldsDeclarer declarer) {
        declarer.declare(new Fields("word", "count"));
    }
}

2.5 CountBolt

/**
 * 进行词频统计
 */
public class CountBolt extends BaseRichBolt {

    private Map<String, Integer> counts = new HashMap<>();

    private OutputCollector collector;

    @Override
    public void prepare(Map stormConf, TopologyContext context, OutputCollector collector) {
            this.collector=collector;
    }

    @Override
    public void execute(Tuple input) {
        String word = input.getStringByField("word");
        Integer count = counts.get(word);
        if (count == null) {
            count = 0;
        }
        count++;
        counts.put(word, count);
        // 输出
        collector.emit(new Values(word, String.valueOf(count)));

    }

    @Override
    public void declareOutputFields(OutputFieldsDeclarer declarer) {
        declarer.declare(new Fields("word", "count"));
    }
}

2.6 WordCountToHBaseApp

/**
 * 进行词频统计 并将统计结果存储到HBase中
 */
public class WordCountToHBaseApp {

    private static final String DATA_SOURCE_SPOUT = "dataSourceSpout";
    private static final String SPLIT_BOLT = "splitBolt";
    private static final String COUNT_BOLT = "countBolt";
    private static final String HBASE_BOLT = "hbaseBolt";

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        // storm的配置
        Config config = new Config();

        // HBase的配置
        Map<String, Object> hbConf = new HashMap<>();
        hbConf.put("hbase.rootdir", "hdfs://hadoop001:8020/hbase");
        hbConf.put("hbase.zookeeper.quorum", "hadoop001:2181");

        // 将HBase的配置传入Storm的配置中
        config.put("hbase.conf", hbConf);

        // 定义流数据与HBase中数据的映射
        SimpleHBaseMapper mapper = new SimpleHBaseMapper()
                .withRowKeyField("word")
                .withColumnFields(new Fields("word","count"))
                .withColumnFamily("info");

        /*
         * 给HBaseBolt传入表名、数据映射关系、和HBase的配置信息
         * 表需要预先创建: create 'WordCount','info'
         */
        HBaseBolt hbase = new HBaseBolt("WordCount", mapper)
                .withConfigKey("hbase.conf");

        // 构建Topology
        TopologyBuilder builder = new TopologyBuilder();
        builder.setSpout(DATA_SOURCE_SPOUT, new DataSourceSpout(),1);
        // split
        builder.setBolt(SPLIT_BOLT, new SplitBolt(), 1).shuffleGrouping(DATA_SOURCE_SPOUT);
        // count
        builder.setBolt(COUNT_BOLT, new CountBolt(),1).shuffleGrouping(SPLIT_BOLT);
        // save to HBase
        builder.setBolt(HBASE_BOLT, hbase, 1).shuffleGrouping(COUNT_BOLT);

        // 如果外部传参cluster则代表线上环境启动,否则代表本地启动
        if (args.length > 0 && args[0].equals("cluster")) {
            try {
                StormSubmitter.submitTopology("ClusterWordCountToRedisApp", config, builder.createTopology());
            } catch (AlreadyAliveException | InvalidTopologyException | AuthorizationException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        } else {
            LocalCluster cluster = new LocalCluster();
            cluster.submitTopology("LocalWordCountToRedisApp",
                    config, builder.createTopology());
        }
    }
}

2.7 启动测试

可以用直接使用本地模式运行，也可以打包后提交到服务器集群运行。本仓库提供的源码默认采用maven-shade-plugin进行打包，打包命令如下：

# mvn clean package -D maven.test.skip=true

运行后，数据会存储到HBase的WordCount表中。使用以下命令查看表的内容：

hbase >  scan 'WordCount'

2.8 withCounterFields

在上面的用例中我们是手动编码来实现词频统计，并将最后的结果存储到HBase中。其实也可以在构建SimpleHBaseMapper的时候通过withCounterFields指定count字段，被指定的字段会自动进行累加操作，这样也可以实现词频统计。需要注意的是withCounterFields指定的字段必须是Long类型，不能是String类型。

SimpleHBaseMapper mapper = new SimpleHBaseMapper()
        .withRowKeyField("word")
        .withColumnFields(new Fields("word"))
        .withCounterFields(new Fields("count"))
        .withColumnFamily("cf");

参考资料

更多大数据系列文章可以参见个人 GitHub 开源项目：程序员大数据入门指南