Scrapy去重

一、原生

1、模块

from scrapy.dupefilters import RFPDupeFilter

2、RFPDupeFilter方法

a、request_seen

核心：爬虫每执行一次yield Request对象，则执行一次request_seen方法

作用：用来去重，相同的url只能访问一次

实现：将url值变成定长、唯一的值，如果这个url对象存在，则返回True表名已经访问过，若url不存在则添加该url到集合

1)、request_fingerprint

作用：对request(url)变成定长唯一的值，如果使用md5的话，下面的两个url值不一样

注意：request_fingerprint() 只接收request对象

from scrapy.utils.request import request_fingerprint
from scrapy.http import Request
 
#
url1 = 'https://test.com/?a=1&b=2'
url2 = 'https://test.com/?b=2&a=1'
request1 = Request(url=url1)
request2 = Request(url=url2)
 
# 只接收request对象
rfp1 = request_fingerprint(request=request1)
rfp2 = request_fingerprint(request=request2)
print(rfp1)
print(rfp2)
 
if rfp1 == rfp2:
    print('url相同')
else:
    print('url不同')

2)、request_seen

def request_seen(self, request):
    # request_fingerprint 将request(url) -> 唯一、定长
    fp = self.request_fingerprint(request)
    if fp in self.fingerprints:
        return True        # 返回True，表明已经执行过一次
    self.fingerprints.add(fp)

b、open

父类BaseDupeFilter中的方法，爬虫开始时，执行

def open(self):
    # 爬虫开始
    pass

c、close

爬虫结束时执行

def close(self, reason):
    # 关闭爬虫时执行
    pass

d、log

记录日志

def log(self, request, spider):
    # 记录日志
    pass

e、from_settings

原理及作用：和pipelines中的from_crawler一致

@classmethod
def from_settings(cls, settings):
    return cls()

二、自定义

待续

1、配置文件(settings.py)

# 原生
# DUPEFILTER_CLASS = 'scrapy.dupefilter.RFPDupeFilter'
DUPEFILTER_CLASS = 'toscrapy.dupefilters.MyDupeFilter'

2、自定义去重类(继承BaseDupeFilter)

from scrapy.dupefilters import BaseDupeFilter
from scrapy.utils.request import request_fingerprint
#
 
class MyDupeFilter(BaseDupeFilter):
    def __init__(self):
        self.visited_fp = set()
 
    @classmethod
    def from_settings(cls, settings):
        return cls()
 
    def request_seen(self, request):
        # 判断当前的request对象是否，在集合中，若在则放回True，表明已经访问，否则，访问该request的url并将该url添加到集合中
        if request_fingerprint(request) in self.visited_fp:
            return True
        self.visited_fp.add(request_fingerprint(request))
 
    def open(self):  # can return deferred
        print('开启爬虫')
 
    def close(self, reason):  # can return a deferred
        print('结束爬虫')
 
    def log(self, request, spider):  # log that a request has been filtered
        pass

3、前提条件

yield request的对象

yield scrapy.Request(url=_next, callback=self.parse, dont_filter=True)

dont_filter不能为True,这个值默认为False