SQL必知必会学习笔记
2.5 select
SELECT 要返回的列或表达式 是
FROM 从中检索数据的表 仅在从表选择数据时使用
WHERE 行级过滤 否
GROUP BY 分组说明 仅在按组计算聚集时使用
HAVING 组级过滤 否
ORDER BY 输出排序顺序 否
SELECT DISTINCT vend_id, prod_price --会列出二列数据不相同每行不同的数据 FROM Products;
3.1排序
SELECT prod_id, prod_price, prod_name FROM Products ORDER BY prod_price, prod_name; --排序 先排prod_price顺序,然后在其基础上排prod_name
SELECT prod_id, prod_price, prod_name FROM Products , 2; --先排第3列,在其基础上排第2列
SELECT prod_id, prod_price, prod_name FROM Products ORDER BY prod_name DESC,prod_price DESC; --DESC是反转,先排前面的,再排后面的
4.1where
排序ORDER BY应该在where之后
where的字段不是一定要在select里出现的
''单引号用来限定字符串,与数值
<> | != | 不等于 注:Access支持<>不支持!= |
! | 不(非) 不可单用,用于组合 | |
>= | 大于等于 | |
BETWEEN | 在指定的两个值之间 | |
IS NULL | 为NULL值 (NULL表示无值的意思) |
SELECT prod_name, prod_price FROM Products ; --在二者之间
SELECT cust_name FROM CUSTOMERS WHERE cust_email IS NULL; --显示其列cust_email为空的 cust_name
5.1逻辑操作符
and 满足二个子句
or 满足其中一个
SELECT prod_name, prod_price FROM Products ;--SQL(像多数语言一样)在处理OR操作符前,优先处理AND操作符 --等价于vend_id = 'DLL01' OR (vend_id = 'BRS01' AND prod_price >= 10)
所以如果想先OR 应该在or二个条件加括号
IN操作符 指定条件范围 (注in比or操作更快)
SELECT prod_name, prod_price FROM Products WHERE vend_id IN ( 'DLL01', 'BRS01' ) ORDER BY prod_name;--显示包含了'DLL01', 'BRS01'的
NOT操作符 排除
SELECT prod_name FROM Products WHERE NOT vend_id = 'DLL01' ORDER BY prod_name;--除去'DLL01' 的所有都显示出来
6.1 LIKE操作符
多个通配符% 任何字符出现任意次数 (注 Access需要使用*) 不匹配null
SELECT prod_id, prod_name FROM Products WHERE prod_name LIKE 'Fish%'; --开头为Fish的
单个通配符_ 匹配单个字符 (注 Access需要使用?) 不匹配null 语法和%一样
[]通配符 匹配一个字符,内容为方括号内的
SELECT cust_contact FROM Customers WHERE cust_contact LIKE '[JM]%' --匹配J或M开头的cust_contact
7.2计算字段
拼接字段
SELECT vend_name + ' (' + vend_country + ')' FROM Vendors ORDER BY vend_name;--拼接vend_name与end_country字段
RTRIM()删除右边的空格 LTRIM()删除左边的空格 trim()删除左右二边的空格
SELECT RTRIM(vend_name) + ' (' + RTRIM(vend_country) + ')' FROM Vendors ORDER BY vend_name;--删除右边的空格再合并
AS 显示别名
SELECT vend_name AS vend_title FROM Vendors --用vend_title别名显示结果
执行算术运算
SELECT prod_id, quantity, item_price, quantity*item_price AS expanded_price --把查询到的quantity与item_price字段的结果相乘用expanded_price显示 ;
8.1函数
函数 | 说明 | 函数 | 说明 | |
LEFT(字段名,2) | 返回字符串左边的2个字符 | 相反 | RIGHT(字段名,2) | 返回字符串右边的2个字符 |
LOWER() Access使用LCASE() |
将字符串转换为小写 | UPPER() Access使用UCASE() |
将字符串转换为大写 | |
LTRIM() | 去掉字符串左边的空格 | RTRIM() | 去掉字符串右边的空格 | |
Soundex() | 返回字符串的SOUNDEX值 主要用于英语读法相似的(略过) |
length() | 返回字符串的长度 |
日期处理函数
SELECT order_num,order_date FROM Orders ; --表示字段order_date的年份为2012年的 --DATEPART(M, order_date)如果是M则表示月份是5月,d为日,H为时,mm为分,ss为秒
数值处理函数
ABS() | 绝对值 | PI() | 圆周率 | SQRT() | 平方根 | EXP() | 指数值 |
COS() | 角度余弦 | SIN() | 角度正弦 | TAN() | 角度正切 |
9.1聚集函数
AVG() | 平均值 | COUNT() | 计数(共几行) | MAX() | 最大值 | MIN() | 最小值 |
SUM() | 总计(和运算) |
9.3组合聚集函数
SELECT COUNT(*) AS num_items, MIN(prod_price) AS price_min, MAX(prod_price) AS price_max, AVG(prod_price) AS price_avg FROM Products;
10.2分组与过滤
SELECT order_num, COUNT(*) AS items FROM OrderItems GROUP BY order_num --这里按order_num分组 --这里给分组过滤,显示分组大于3的 ORDER BY items, order_num; --排序方式,可以理解为对结果的排序处理
11 使用子查询
先得到子句的结果再去查询 (注意嵌套子查询只能单列(多列将返回错误))
SELECT cust_name, cust_contact FROM Customers WHERE cust_id IN (SELECT cust_id FROM Order WHERE order_num IN (SELECT order_num FROM OrderItems WHERE prod_id = 'RGAN01'));
先得到父句的结果再去查询子句
SELECT cust_name, cust_state, (SELECT COUNT(*) FROM Orders WHERE Orders.cust_id = Customers.cust_id) AS orders --这里的子句用结果中的Customers.cust_id为条件去查询(只能返回一个) FROM Customers ORDER BY cust_name;
12 联结
SELECT vend_name, prod_name, prod_price FROM Vendors, Products WHERE Vendors.vend_id = Products.vend_id; --内部相同的联结,不相同的不显示
多表联结,则使用and
SELECT cust_name, cust_contact FROM Customers, Orders, OrderItems WHERE Customers.cust_id = Orders.cust_id AND OrderItems.order_num = Orders.order_num AND prod_id = 'RGAN01';
自联结
找Jim Jones的公司的所有记录
SELECT c1.cust_id, c1.cust_name, c1.cust_contact FROM Customers AS c1, Customers AS c2 WHERE c1.cust_name = c2.cust_name --找c1表内与c2结果列名cust_name一样的的记录 AND c2.cust_contact = 'Jim Jones'; --先找到jim Jones那一行,得到c2表的一行
外连接
左联接 LEFT OUTER JOIN
SELECT Customers.cust_id, Orders.order_num FROM Customers LEFT OUTER JOIN Orders ---以左边的表为基础显示结果 ON Customers.cust_id = Orders.cust_id;
右联接 RIGHT OUTER JOIN
SELECT Customers.cust_id, Orders.order_num FROM Customers RIGHT OUTER JOIN Orders --右边表为基础显示结果 ON Orders.cust_id = Customers.cust_id;
全联接 FULL OUTER JOIN
SELECT Customers.cust_id, Orders.order_num FROM Orders FULL OUTER JOIN Customers --显示比二个表为基础的结果 ON Orders.cust_id = Customers.cust_id;
左连接并分组计算
SELECT Customers.cust_id, COUNT(Orders.order_num) AS num_ord FROM Customers LEFT OUTER JOIN Orders ON Customers.cust_id = Orders.cust_id GROUP BY Customers.cust_id;
组合查询UNION (二个结果同一行会被自动取消) (合并结果,二个查询结果的字段要一致,类型能隐式转换)
SELECT cust_name, cust_contact, cust_email FROM Customers WHERE cust_state IN ('IL','IN','MI') UNION -- 这里改成UNION ALL则显示二个查询的集合,不会自动取消同一行 SELECT cust_name, cust_contact, cust_email FROM Customers WHERE cust_name = 'Fun4All';
15 数据插入
插入检索出来的数据
INSERT INTO Customers (cust_id,cust_contact,cust_email,cust_name,cust_address,cust_city,cust_state,cust_zip,cust_country) SELECT --从CustNew检索出的结果插入到Customers表中,插入时主要为列的顺序,非字段名 cust_id,cust_contact,cust_email,cust_name,cust_address,cust_city,cust_state,cust_zip,cust_country FROM CustNew;
复制新表
SELECT * --所有列,如果只是部分,应指定列名 INTO CustCopy --新的表名 FROM Customers;
16 更新数据
UPDATE Customers SET cust_contact = 'Sam Roberts', cust_email = 'sam@toyland.com' --也可以直接设置为null, cust_email = NULL '; --更新时一定要注意过滤,不然所有行都会更新掉
删除数据 注!删除前最好使用select检索结果,看where是否有错
DELETE FROM Customers ';
17创建表
CREATE TABLE OrderItems ( order_num INTEGER NOT NULL, --不能为空值,不允许NULL值 order_item INTEGER NULL, --表示可以为空值 prod_id ) NOT NULL, quantity , --默认值为1 item_price ,2) --省略NOT NULL时,默认可以为空l );
GO --判断非空的写法WHERE 字段 IS NULL SET ANSI_NULLS ON GO --标识符可以由双引号分隔,文字必须由单引号分隔 SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON GO --允许空值的Char(n)和binary(n)列填充到列长 SET ANSI_PADDING ON GO CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Pc_ADAccount] ( ) NOT NULL, ) NULL, ) NULL, ) NULL, [F_PublicAccount] [bit] NULL, ) NULL, --为多个键定义约束(PK_SYS_ADAccount为) asc升序NONCLUSTERED非聚集索引 CONSTRAINT [PK_Pc_ADAccount] PRIMARY KEY NONCLUSTERED ( [F_Id] ASC )WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON ) ON [PRIMARY] ) ON [PRIMARY]
GETDATE()系统时间
慎用下面命令
添加一列
ALTER TABLE Vendors )
移除一列
ALTER TABLE Vendors DROP COLUMN vend_phone;
修改列类型
ALTER TABLE EmployeeInfo ALTER COLUMN Employee_number NVARCHAR(Max)
修改列的字段名
exec sp_rename '表名.原列名','新列名','column';
删除表
DROP TABLE CustCopy;--可以使用关系规则防止意外删除
SQL Server用户使用sp_rename存储过程重命名表
18视图
CREATE VIEW CustomerEMailList AS --创建视图,创建一个cust_email不为空的表,查询时和表格一样操作 SELECT cust_id, cust_name, cust_email FROM Customers WHERE cust_email IS NOT NULL;
19执行存储过程
EXECUTE AddNewProduct( 'JTS01', 'Stuffed Eiffel Tower',6.49,'Plush stuffed toy with the text La Tour Eiffel in red white and blue' ); --执行存储过程,其参数有多个
创建存储过程
) ASSET NOCOUNT OFF -- 显示受影响的行数 DECLARE @order_num INTEGER -- 为订单编号声明变量 在上面没有变量时,可自己定义变量 SELECT @order_num=MAX(order_num)-- 获取当前最高订单号 FROM Orders SELECT @order_num=@order_num+1 -- 确定下一个订单号 INSERT INTO Orders(order_num, order_date, cust_id) -- 插入新的秩序 VALUES(@order_num, GETDATE(), @cust_id) RETURN @order_num;-- 返回的订单号
存储过程的输写格式
create proc testpray ) as declare @_id int from test insert into test(id,name)values(@_id,@prayname) --下面是测试显示 declare @str int exec @str = testpray artre select @str
20管理事务处理
注意:书本的实例测试时,部分有问题,这里请查询网上相关资料为准
事务管理
BEGIN TRAN --开始事务 ', 'Toys Emporium'); ', 'Toys Emporium'); Rollback tran; --ERROR为SQL函数,出错时ERROR不为零,意在上面的操作中有错误时回滚事务 COMMIT TRAN --这是提交事务,可以理解为,之前BEGIN TRAN之后的一系列操作还没保存!在时才会保存到源数据里 select * from Customers
事务保存点
begin Tran; --这是TRANSACTION的缩写 在begin Tran这后总有一个ROLLBACK Tran回滚事务或commit tran执行事务, save tran test_1; --保存点test_1 '; save tran test_2; --保存点test_2 '; ROLLBACK Tran test_1; --回滚至保存点test_2 , --commit tran; --提交事务,事务的结束,如果没设置自动结束,事务会占用资源,无法查询 select * from CustNew;
21游标
游标很少用于ASP等 参考资料
DECLARE CustCursor CURSOR ----声明时未指定"local"或"global"关键字,系统默认游标是"global(全局)"的. FOR SELECT * FROM Customers WHERE cust_email IS NULL OPEN CustCursor --在open时,执行查询,存储检索出的数据以供浏览和滚动. FETCH NEXT FROM CustCursor --读取游标数据,其中的NEXT为下一行记录,详见附2,这里可以执行 单语句运行 CLOSE CustCursor; --关闭游标 Deallocate CustCursor; --释放游标 /* 附1:标准游标:Declare MyCursor Cursor For Select * From Master_Goods 只读游标:Declare MyCusror Cursor For Select * From Master_Goods For Read Only 可更新游标:Declare MyCusror Cursor For Select * From Master_Goods For UpDate 附2:Next表示返回结果集中当前行的下一行记录,如果第一次读取则返回第一行。默认的读取选项为Next Prior表示返回结果集中当前行的前一行记录,如果第一次读取则没有行返回,并且把游标置于第一行之前。 First表示返回结果集中的第一行,并且将其作为当前行。 Last表示返回结果集中的最后一行,并且将其作为当前行。 Absolute n 如果n为正数,则返回从游标头开始的第n行,并且返回行变成新的当前行。如果n为负,则返回从游标末尾开始的第n行,并且返回行为新的当前行,如果n为0,则返回当前行。 Relative n 如果n为正数,则返回从当前行开始的第n行,如果n为负,则返回从当前行之前的第n行,如果为0,则返回当前行。 */
22约束
CREATE TABLE Vendors ( vend_id ) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, --Primary key设置为主键 vend_name ) NOT NULL, )
ALTER TABLE Vendors --修改列 ADD CONSTRAINT PRIMARY KEY (vend_id);--改为主键 使用的是Constraintd 强迫
外键
CREATE TABLE Orders ( order_num INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, order_date DATETIME NOT NULL, cust_id ) NOT NULL REFERENCES Customers(cust_id) --定义外键为Customers的cust_id字段 );
检查约束
CREATE TABLE OrderItems ( order_num INTEGER NOT NULL, order_item INTEGER NOT NULL, prod_id ) NOT NULL, quantity ), --约束其列值必须大于0 item_price MONEY NOT NULL );
ADD CONSTRAINT CHECK (gender LIKE '[MF]') --检查列中只包含M或F
索引
CREATE INDEX prod_name_ind --建立索引 ON PRODUCTS (prod_name); --建立索引的表下的列
触发器
CREATE TRIGGER customer_state --建立索引 ON Customers --表名Customers FOR INSERT, UPDATE --插入与修改操作 AS UPDATE Customers SET cust_state = Upper(cust_state) --cust_state列 WHERE Customers.cust_id = inserted.cust_id; --插入的数据表等于源数据的cust_id列
以下为示例用数据表
----------------------------------------------------------- -- Sams Teach Yourself SQL in 10 Minutes -- http://forta.com/books/0672336073/ -- Example table creation scripts for Microsoft SQL Server. ----------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------- -- Create Customers table ------------------------- CREATE TABLE Customers ( cust_id ) NOT NULL , cust_name ) NOT NULL , cust_address ) NULL , cust_city ) NULL , cust_state ) NULL , cust_zip ) NULL , cust_country ) NULL , cust_contact ) NULL , cust_email ) NULL ); -------------------------- -- Create OrderItems table -------------------------- CREATE TABLE OrderItems ( order_num int NOT NULL , order_item int NOT NULL , prod_id ) NOT NULL , quantity int NOT NULL , item_price ,2) NOT NULL ); ---------------------- -- Create Orders table ---------------------- CREATE TABLE Orders ( order_num int NOT NULL , order_date datetime NOT NULL , cust_id ) NOT NULL ); ------------------------ -- Create Products table ------------------------ CREATE TABLE Products ( prod_id ) NOT NULL , vend_id ) NOT NULL , prod_name ) NOT NULL , prod_price ,2) NOT NULL , prod_desc ) NULL ); ----------------------- -- Create Vendors table ----------------------- CREATE TABLE Vendors ( vend_id ) NOT NULL , vend_name ) NOT NULL , vend_address ) NULL , vend_city ) NULL , vend_state ) NULL , vend_zip ) NULL , vend_country ) NULL ); ---------------------- -- Define primary keys ---------------------- ALTER TABLE Customers WITH NOCHECK ADD CONSTRAINT PK_Customers PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED (cust_id); ALTER TABLE OrderItems WITH NOCHECK ADD CONSTRAINT PK_OrderItems PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED (order_num, order_item); ALTER TABLE Orders WITH NOCHECK ADD CONSTRAINT PK_Orders PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED (order_num); ALTER TABLE Products WITH NOCHECK ADD CONSTRAINT PK_Products PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED (prod_id); ALTER TABLE Vendors WITH NOCHECK ADD CONSTRAINT PK_Vendors PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED (vend_id); ---------------------- -- Define foreign keys ---------------------- ALTER TABLE OrderItems ADD CONSTRAINT FK_OrderItems_Orders FOREIGN KEY (order_num) REFERENCES Orders (order_num), CONSTRAINT FK_OrderItems_Products FOREIGN KEY (prod_id) REFERENCES Products (prod_id); ALTER TABLE Orders ADD CONSTRAINT FK_Orders_Customers FOREIGN KEY (cust_id) REFERENCES Customers (cust_id); ALTER TABLE Products ADD CONSTRAINT FK_Products_Vendors FOREIGN KEY (vend_id) REFERENCES Vendors (vend_id);
创建表
------------------------------------------------------------- -- Sams Teach Yourself SQL in 10 Minutes -- http://forta.com/books/0672336073/ -- Example table population scripts for Microsoft SQL Server. ------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------- -- Populate Customers table --------------------------- INSERT INTO Customers(cust_id, cust_name, cust_address, cust_city, cust_state, cust_zip, cust_country, cust_contact, cust_email) ', 'USA', 'John Smith', 'sales@villagetoys.com'); INSERT INTO Customers(cust_id, cust_name, cust_address, cust_city, cust_state, cust_zip, cust_country, cust_contact) ', 'USA', 'Michelle Green'); INSERT INTO Customers(cust_id, cust_name, cust_address, cust_city, cust_state, cust_zip, cust_country, cust_contact, cust_email) ', 'USA', 'Jim Jones', 'jjones@fun4all.com'); INSERT INTO Customers(cust_id, cust_name, cust_address, cust_city, cust_state, cust_zip, cust_country, cust_contact, cust_email) ', 'USA', 'Denise L. Stephens', 'dstephens@fun4all.com'); INSERT INTO Customers(cust_id, cust_name, cust_address, cust_city, cust_state, cust_zip, cust_country, cust_contact) ', 'USA', 'Kim Howard'); ------------------------- -- Populate Vendors table ------------------------- INSERT INTO Vendors(vend_id, vend_name, vend_address, vend_city, vend_state, vend_zip, vend_country) ', 'USA'); INSERT INTO Vendors(vend_id, vend_name, vend_address, vend_city, vend_state, vend_zip, vend_country) ', 'USA'); INSERT INTO Vendors(vend_id, vend_name, vend_address, vend_city, vend_state, vend_zip, vend_country) ', 'USA'); INSERT INTO Vendors(vend_id, vend_name, vend_address, vend_city, vend_state, vend_zip, vend_country) ', 'USA'); INSERT INTO Vendors(vend_id, vend_name, vend_address, vend_city, vend_state, vend_zip, vend_country) VALUES('FNG01','Fun and Games','42 Galaxy Road','London', NULL,'N16 6PS', 'England'); INSERT INTO Vendors(vend_id, vend_name, vend_address, vend_city, vend_state, vend_zip, vend_country) ', 'France'); -------------------------- -- Populate Products table -------------------------- INSERT INTO Products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc) VALUES('BR01', 'BRS01', '8 inch teddy bear', 5.99, '8 inch teddy bear, comes with cap and jacket'); INSERT INTO Products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc) VALUES('BR02', 'BRS01', '12 inch teddy bear', 8.99, '12 inch teddy bear, comes with cap and jacket'); INSERT INTO Products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc) VALUES('BR03', 'BRS01', '18 inch teddy bear', 11.99, '18 inch teddy bear, comes with cap and jacket'); INSERT INTO Products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc) VALUES('BNBG01', 'DLL01', 'Fish bean bag toy', 3.49, 'Fish bean bag toy, complete with bean bag worms with which to feed it'); INSERT INTO Products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc) VALUES('BNBG02', 'DLL01', 'Bird bean bag toy', 3.49, 'Bird bean bag toy, eggs are not included'); INSERT INTO Products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc) VALUES('BNBG03', 'DLL01', 'Rabbit bean bag toy', 3.49, 'Rabbit bean bag toy, comes with bean bag carrots'); INSERT INTO Products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc) VALUES('RGAN01', 'DLL01', 'Raggedy Ann', 4.99, '18 inch Raggedy Ann doll'); INSERT INTO Products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc) VALUES('RYL01', 'FNG01', 'King doll', 9.49, '12 inch king doll with royal garments and crown'); INSERT INTO Products(prod_id, vend_id, prod_name, prod_price, prod_desc) VALUES('RYL02', 'FNG01', 'Queen doll', 9.49, '12 inch queen doll with royal garments and crown'); ------------------------ -- Populate Orders table ------------------------ INSERT INTO Orders(order_num, order_date, cust_id) , '); INSERT INTO Orders(order_num, order_date, cust_id) , '); INSERT INTO Orders(order_num, order_date, cust_id) , '); INSERT INTO Orders(order_num, order_date, cust_id) , '); INSERT INTO Orders(order_num, order_date, cust_id) , '); ---------------------------- -- Populate OrderItems table ---------------------------- INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price) , 1, , 5.49); INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price) , 2, , 10.99); INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price) , 1, , 5.99); INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price) , 2, , 8.99); INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price) , 3, , 11.99); INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price) , 1, , 11.49); INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price) , 2, , 2.99); INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price) , 3, , 2.99); INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price) , 4, , 2.99); INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price) , 5, , 4.49); INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price) , 1, , 4.99); INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price) , 2, , 11.99); INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price) , 3, , 3.49); INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price) , 4, , 3.49); INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price) , 5, , 3.49); INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price) , 1, , 2.49); INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price) , 2, , 2.49); INSERT INTO OrderItems(order_num, order_item, prod_id, quantity, item_price) , 3, , 2.49);
插入数据
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