scrapy 知乎关键字爬虫spider代码

以下是spider部分的代码。爬知乎是需要登录的，建议使用cookie就可以了，如果需要爬的数量预计不多，请不要使用过大的线程数量，否则会过快的被封杀，需要等十几个小时账号才能重新使用，比起损失的这十几个小时的时间，即使是单线程也能够爬取很多页面了，得不偿失。

知乎是基于账号策略反爬的，换ua和ip并没用，如果需要高并发，需要采用几十个账号的方式来爬取。

 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 import scrapy
 from scrapy import Request
 from scrapy import log
 import logging
 #from zhihu.items import ZhihuItem
 from zhihu.items import ZhihuItem
 from scrapy_redis.spiders import RedisSpider
 import re
 import json
 import time

 class BaoxianSpider(RedisSpider):       ##使用redis分布式

     name = "baoxian"
     allowed_domains = ["zhihu.com"]
     #redis_key='baoxian:start_urls'
     keywords='软件测试'                                        ###要爬的关键词
     from urllib import quote
     urlencode_keywords=quote(keywords)

     start_urls = ['https://www.zhihu.com/r/search?q='+urlencode_keywords+'&type=content&offset=0'] #'https://www.zhihu.com/r/search?q=%E4%BF%9D%E9%99%A9&type=content&offset=0'
     def start_requests(self):
         for url in self.start_urls:
             yield Request(url=url, callback=self.parse,dont_filter=True)

     def parse(self, response):
         body=response.body  #{"paging":{"next":"\/r\/search?q=%E4%BF%9D%E9%99%A9&type=content&offset=50"},"htmls"
         #print body

         #获取问题链接
         question_href_reg=r'<div class=\\"title\\"><a target=\\"_blank\\" href=\\"\\/question\\/(.*?)\\"'
         all_question_href=re.findall(question_href_reg,body)
         print 'all_question_href:',all_question_href
         for aqh in all_question_href:
             question_href='https://www.zhihu.com/question/'+str(aqh)
             yield Request(url=question_href, callback=self.parse_question,dont_filter=True)
             print question_href

             log.msg("question_href:%s \n list_question_page:%s"%(question_href,response.url), level=log.INFO)
             #self.log
         #获取下一页的链接

         reg=r'{"paging":{"next":"(\\/r\\/search\?q=.*?&type=content&offset=.*?)"},"htmls"'
         next_page=re.findall(reg,body)
         print '下一页问题：',next_page
         if len(next_page):
             #print next_page[0]   #https://www.zhihu.com/r/search?q=%E4%BF%9D%E9%99%A9&type=content&offset=10
             next_page_url='https://www.zhihu.com'+ next_page[0].replace('\\','')
             print 'next_page_url:',next_page_url
             yield Request(url=next_page_url, callback=self.parse,dont_filter=True)
             log.msg("next_page_url:%s"%next_page_url, level=log.INFO)

                                            #data-type=\"Answer\"><div class=\"title\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"\/question\/22316395\"

     def parse_question(self,response):                             ####问题详情页面
         #print response.body

         print 'response.url:',response.url
         title=response.xpath('//h1[@class="QuestionHeader-title"]/text()').extract_first()
         print time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S',time.localtime(time.time()))
         print 'title:',title
         #editableDetail&quot;:&quot;，国内的保险员说风险太大，不受法律保护什么的。大神推荐我赴港买保险吗？&quot;,&quot;visitCount&quot
         reg='editableDetail&quot;:&quot;([\s\S]*?)&quot;,&quot;visitCount&quot'
         content_match=re.findall(reg,response.body)
         if  content_match:
             content=content_match[0]
         else:
             content=''               #有可能问题无具体描述
         print 'content:',content
         question={}
         question['url']=response.url
         question['title']=title

         question['content']=content
         #https://www.zhihu.com/question/19904068
         question['comment']=[]
         #https://www.zhihu.com/api/v4/questions/20214716/answers?sort_by=default&include=data%5B%2A%5D.is_normal%2Cis_sticky%2Ccollapsed_by%2Csuggest_edit%2Ccomment_count%2Ccollapsed_counts%2Creviewing_comments_count%2Ccan_comment%2Ccontent%2Ceditable_content%2Cvoteup_count%2Creshipment_settings%2Ccomment_permission%2Cmark_infos%2Ccreated_time%2Cupdated_time%2Crelationship.is_authorized%2Cis_author%2Cvoting%2Cis_thanked%2Cis_nothelp%2Cupvoted_followees%3Bdata%5B%2A%5D.author.is_blocking%2Cis_blocked%2Cis_followed%2Cvoteup_count%2Cmessage_thread_token%2Cbadge%5B%3F%28type%3Dbest_answerer%29%5D.topics&limit=3&offset=3
         answer_json='https://www.zhihu.com/api/v4/questions/'+re.findall('(\d+)',response.url)[0]+'/answers?sort_by=default&include=data%5B%2A%5D.is_normal%2Cis_sticky%2Ccollapsed_by%2Csuggest_edit%2Ccomment_count%2Ccollapsed_counts%2Creviewing_comments_count%2Ccan_comment%2Ccontent%2Ceditable_content%2Cvoteup_count%2Creshipment_settings%2Ccomment_permission%2Cmark_infos%2Ccreated_time%2Cupdated_time%2Crelationship.is_authorized%2Cis_author%2Cvoting%2Cis_thanked%2Cis_nothelp%2Cupvoted_followees%3Bdata%5B%2A%5D.author.is_blocking%2Cis_blocked%2Cis_followed%2Cvoteup_count%2Cmessage_thread_token%2Cbadge%5B%3F%28type%3Dbest_answerer%29%5D.topics&limit=20&offset=0'
         print 'answer_json:',answer_json
         yield Request(url=answer_json, callback=self.parse_json,meta=question,dont_filter=False)
         """
         item=ZhihuItem()
         item['title']=question['title']
         item['url']=question['url']
         item['content']=question['content']
         yield item
         print item
         """

     def parse_json(self,response):                           ####答案列表
         meta=response.meta
         dict=json.loads(response.body)

         #print 'dict:',dict
         print 'dcit to json:',json.dumps(dict,ensure_ascii=False)
         comment_list=meta['comment']
         for data  in  dict['data']:                    # dict['data']是列表，每个元素是字典
             try:
                 comment_dict={}
                 comment_dict['comment_content']=data['content']
                 if data['author']['name']:
                     comment_dict['author']=data['author']['name']
                 else:
                     comment_dict['author']=''
                 comment_dict['voteup_count']=data['voteup_count']
                 comment_dict['comment_count']=data['comment_count']
                 comment_dict['comment_time']=time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d',time.localtime(data['created_time']))
                 comment_list.append(comment_dict)
             except Exception,e:
                 print e
         meta['comment']=comment_list
         meta['answer_num']=dict['paging']['totals']

         if dict['paging']['is_end']==False:             ###自动翻页
             yield Request(url=dict['paging']['next'], callback=self.parse_json,meta=meta,dont_filter=False)
         else:
             #log.msg("last:%s"%next_page_url, level=log.INFO)
             print 'last:',meta['title'],meta['url'] ,meta['content'],meta['answer_num'],len(meta['comment'])#,meta['comment']
             item=ZhihuItem()
             item['title']=meta['title']
             item['url']=meta['url']
             item['content']=meta['content']
             item['answer_num']=meta['answer_num']
             item['comment']=meta['comment']
             yield item

发下运行结果，存储用的mongodb

comment的内容